CH.29

If the kingdom Plantae is someday expanded to include the charophytes (stoneworts), then the shared derived characteristics of the kingdom will include _____. 1. rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes 2. chlorophylls a and b 3. alternation of generations 4. cell walls of cellulose 5. ability to synthesize sporopollenin A) 1 and 5 B) 1, 2, and 3 C) 1, 3, and 5 D) 1, 2, 4, and 5

A

What evidence do paleobotanists look for that indicates the movement of plants from water to land? A) waxy cuticle to decrease evaporation from leaves B) loss of structures that produce spores C) sporopollenin to inhibit evaporation from leaves D) remnants of chloroplasts from photosynthesizing cells

A

What feature of both true mosses and ferns makes it most surprising that they can survive for many generations in dry deserts? A) flagellated sperm B) lack of vascular tissues C) lack of true roots D) lack of cuticle

A

Which of these are spore-producing structures? A) sporophyte (capsule) of a moss B) antheridium of a moss or fern C) archegonium of a moss or fern D) gametophyte of a moss

A

Which taxon is essentially equivalent to the "embryophytes"? A) Plantae B) Pterophyta C) Bryophyta D) Charophycea

A

A botanist discovers a new species of plant in a tropical rain forest. After observing its anatomy and life cycle, he notes the following characteristics: flagellated sperm, xylem with tracheids, separate gametophyte and sporophyte generations with the sporophyte dominant, and no seeds. This plant is probably most closely related to _____. A) mosses B) ferns C) gymnosperms D) flowering plants

B

Archegonia _____. A) are the sites where male gametes are produced B) may contain sporophyte embryos C) have the same function as sporangia D) make asexual reproductive structures

B

As you stroll through a moist forest, you are most likely to see a _____. A) zygote of a green alga B) gametophyte of a moss C) sporophyte of a liverwort D) gametophyte of a fern

B

How are the bryophytes and seedless vascular plants alike? A) Plants in both groups have vascular tissue. B) In both groups, sperm swim from antheridia to archegonia. C) The dominant generation in both groups is the sporophyte. D) Plants in both groups have true roots, stems, and leaves.

B

Most moss gametophytes do not have a cuticle and are 1-2 cells thick. What does this imply about moss gametophytes and their structure? A) They use stomata for gas exchange regulation. B) They can easily lose water to, and absorb water from, the atmosphere. C) Photosynthesis occurs throughout the entire gametophyte surface. D) They have branching veins in their leaves.

B

Stomata _____. A) occur in all land plants and define them as a monophyletic group B) open to allow gas exchange and close to decrease water loss C) occur in all land plants and are the same as pores D) open to increase both water absorption and gas exchange

B

The most direct ancestors of land plants were probably _____. A) kelp (brown alga) that formed large beds near the shorelines B) green algae C) photosynthesizing prokaryotes (cyanobacteria) D) liverworts and mosses

B

Which of the following is a true statement about plant reproduction? A) Embryophytes are small plants in an early developmental stage. B) Male and female bryophytes each produce a type of gametangia. C) Eggs and sperm of most land plants swim toward one another. D) Bryophytes are limited to asexual reproduction.

B

Why have biologists hypothesized that the first land plants had a low, sprawling growth habit? A) They were tied to the water for reproduction and thus needed to remain in close contact with the moist soil. B) The ancestors of land plants, green algae, lack the structural support to stand erect in air. C) Land animals of that period were small and could not pollinate tall plants. D) There was less competition for space so they simply spread out flat.

B

You find a green organism in a pond near your house and believe it is a plant, not an alga. The mystery organism is most likely a plant and not an alga if it _____. A) contains chloroplasts B) is surrounded by a cuticle C) does not contain vascular tissue D) has cell walls that are comprised largely of cellulose

B

According to our current knowledge of plant evolution, which group of organisms should feature cell division most similar to that of land plants? A) unicellular green algae B) cyanobacteria C) charophytes D) red algae

C

Which of the following features is most important for true mosses and ferns to reproduce in the desert? A) that the sporophytes occupy only permanently shady, north-facing habitats B) that the sporophytes hug the ground, growing no taller than a couple of inches C) either that their gametophytes grow close together, or that they be hermaphroditic D) that the sporophytes have highly lignified vascular tissues

C

Which of the following is true of the life cycle of mosses? A) The haploid generation grows on the sporophyte generation. B) Spores are primarily distributed by water currents. C) Antheridia and archegonia are produced by gametophytes. D) The sporophyte generation is dominant.

C

Which of these time intervals, based on plant fossils, came last (most recently)? A) extensive growth of gymnosperm forests B) colonization of land by early liverworts and mosses C) rise and diversification of angiosperms D) carboniferous swamps with giant horsetails and lycophytes

C

Which set contains the most closely related terms? A) megasporangium, megaspore, pollen, ovule B) microsporangium, microspore, egg, ovary C) megasporangium, megaspore, egg, ovule D) microsporangium, microspore, carpel, ovary

C

A student encounters a pondweed which appears to be a charophyte (stonewort). Which of the following features would help the student determine whether the sample comes from a charophyte or from some other type of green alga? 1. molecular structure of enzymes inside the chloroplasts 2. structure of sperm cells 3. presence of phragmoplasts 4. rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes A) 1 and 3 B) 1 and 4 C) 2 and 3 D) 2, 3, and 4

D

About 450 million years ago, the terrestrial landscape on Earth would have _____. A) looked very similar to that of today, with flowers, grasses, shrubs, and trees B) been completely bare rock, with little pools that contained bacteria and cyanobacteria C) been covered with tall forests in swamps that became today's coal D) had non-vascular green plants similar to liverworts forming green mats on rock

D

At some time during their life cycles, bryophytes make _____. A) microphylls B) true roots C) true leaves D) sporangia

D

Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses are grouped together as the Bryophytes. Besides not having vascular tissue, what do they all have in common? A) They are all wind pollinated. B) They are heterosporous. C) They can reproduce asexually by producing gemmae. D) They require water for reproduction.

D

Retaining the zygote on the living gametophyte of land plants _____. A) protects the zygote from herbivores B) evolved concurrently with pollen C) helps in dispersal of the zygote D) allows it to be nourished by the parent plant

D

Spores and seeds have basically the same function—dispersal—but are vastly different because _____. A) spores have a protective outer covering; seeds do not B) spores have an embryo; seeds do not C) spores have stored nutrition; seeds do not D) spores are unicellular; seeds are not

D

The structural integrity of bacteria is to peptidoglycan as the structural integrity of plant spores is to _____. A) lignin B) cellulose C) secondary compounds D) sporopollenin

D