Ch.29 Quiz

A ________ is a temporary loss or alteration of a part or all of the brain's abilities to function without actual physical damage to the brain. A. contusion B. concussion C. hematoma D. subdural hematoma

B. concussion

After performing the primary assessment on a patient found in the supine position that you suspect has a spinal cord injury, your next step is to: A. apply an appropriately sized rigid cervical collar. B. administer high-concentration oxygen. C. secure the patient's head. D. reassess the patient's distal PMS.

A. apply an appropriately sized rigid cervical collar.

You are treating a 52-year-old male who was involved in a serious high-speed collision. If the patient is up and walking around at the scene, you should: A. assess for a potential spinal injury. B. check with medical direction for orders. C. check with bystanders about the patient's mental status. . D. assume that the patient is uninjured.

A. assess for a potential spinal injury.

If a responsive patient has the mechanism of injury for a spinal injury, the EMT should do all of the following except: A. assess for spinal pain by asking the patient to move. B. keep the patient still while asking him or her questions. C. assess for sensation in the extremities. D. assess for tingling in the extremities.

A. assess for spinal pain by asking the patient to move.

You suspect that your 41-year-old female patient may have a traumatic brain injury after a significant blow to the head. Her signs and symptoms may include: A. blood or fluid flowing from the ears and/or nose. B. yellow discoloration in the eyes. C. bruising around the base of the nose. D. pain at the base of the neck.

A. blood or fluid flowing from the ears and/or nose.

You respond to a motor vehicle collision with a 29-year-old woman who struck the rearview mirror and has serious bleeding from the scalp. Her airway is open and respirations are normal. The pulse is a little rapid but strong and regular. Distal pulses are present, and there is no deformity to the skull. Most bleeding from the scalp can be controlled by: A. direct pressure. B. elevation. C. pressure point. D. tourniquet.

A. direct pressure.

The ideal procedure for moving a patient from the ground to the backboard is the: A. four-person log roll. B. lateral slide. C. four-person lift. D. push-and-pull maneuver.

A. four-person log roll.

You respond to a 38-year-old man who fell while rock climbing. He is unconscious with an open airway. The respiration and pulse rates are within normal limits. His distal pulses are intact. You check his pupils and find that they are unequal. You know this could be a sign of: A. increased intracranial pressure. B. hypoxia. C. seizure activity. B. chronic hypertension.

A. increased intracranial pressure.

When assessing a suspected spine-injured patient, you note excessive abdominal motion with each breath but no chest wall motion. This is likely a result of damage to the nerves that control the: A. intercostal muscles. B. diaphragm. C. abdomen. D. lungs.

A. intercostal muscles.

When a child who was in a car seat needs to be taken to the hospital after a high-speed motor vehicle collision, the best procedure is to: A. keep the child in the car seat. B. use the rapid extrication from car seat procedure. C. lay down the car seat on your stretcher. D. lift the child out of the seat and place on your stretcher.

A. keep the child in the car seat.

The __________ is composed of three layers of tissue that suspend the brain and spinal cord within the skull and spinal canal. A. meninges B. dura mater C. pia mater D. arachnoid space

A. meninges

When immobilizing a 6-year-old or younger child on a long backboard: A. provide padding beneath the shoulder blades. B. it is unnecessary to apply a cervical collar. C. place a chin cup or chin strap on the patient. D. secure the head first and then secure the torso.

A. provide padding beneath the shoulder blades.

You are treating a 45-year-old male construction worker who a has a four-foot steel rod penetrating his skull. You should: A. shorten lengthy objects, using any appropriate tools to minimize vibration. B. elevate the patient's legs immediately. C. remove the object and quickly control the bleeding. D. stabilize the object with bulky dressings and transport immediately

A. shorten lengthy objects, using any appropriate tools to minimize vibration.

You are treating a patient who fell backward and struck his head after being shot. You suspect that he is developing increased ICP. The time it takes to develop the symptoms from an increased ICP depends on the location of the bleed and: A. the rate of bleeding into the head. B. the type of weapon used. C. the age of the patient. D. all of these.

A. the rate of bleeding into the head.

________ is the most reliable sign of a head injury. A. Vomiting B. Decreased level of consciousness C. Seizures D. Numbness and tingling in extremities

B. Decreased level of consciousness

You are treating a 45-year-old female who was involved in a high-speed car a crash and has multiple fractures. You have decided to use the long spine board, which is typically used in all of the following situations except when: A. moving a patient rapidly from an unsafe scene. B. a stable, low-priority patient must be immobilized. C. a more seriously injured patients must be accessed. D. moving a high-priority patient to the stretcher.

B. a stable, low-priority patient must be immobilized.

Traumatic brain injury may result in: A. airway swelling and dizziness. B. altered mental status and unequal pupils. C. difficulty moving below the waist. D. headache and hypoperfusion.

B. altered mental status and unequal pupils.

If a stable 22-year-old male patient is found in a sitting position in a car and is complaining about severe back pain, the EMT should: A. apply a cervical collar and rapidly transport the patient. B. guide and lower the patient to a long spine board. C. use a "big splint" due to multiple injuries. D. perform a rapid a take-down procedure with a long spine board.

B. guide and lower the patient to a long spine board.

Your patient is a 19-year-old male who was involved in motorcycle crash. You should consider keeping the helmet on the patient: A. if it interferes with breathing management. B. if it has a snug fit that allows no head movement. C. by using a two-rescuer procedure. D. if it hinders immobilization.

B. if it has a snug fit that allows no head movement.

When treating a patient, who you suspect a has a spine injury, one EMT on your crew should: A. strap the patient's head, then the torso, to the long spine board. B. maintain manual inline spine motion restriction until the patient is secured. C. assess for range of cervical spine motion. D. pad the neck before stabilizing.

B. maintain manual inline spine motion restriction until the patient is secured.

The patient does not complain of any spinal pain. It is important to remember that a lack of spinal pain does not rule out the possibility of spinal-cord injury because: A. spinal injuries seldom cause pain. B. other distracting painful injuries may mask it. C. spinal injuries are not painful until shock sets in. D. a patient may feel the pain but not be able to verbalize it.

B. other distracting painful injuries may mask it.

You are treating a 19-year-old female who was found at the bottom of a stairway in a pool of blood. Her face has multiple fractures, her nose is broken, and her jaw may be fractured. The primary concern for emergency care of a facial fracture or jaw injury is the: A. external bleeding. B. patient's airway. C. loss of teeth. D. basilar skull fracture.

B. patient's airway.

The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system and the: A. autonomic nervous system. B. peripheral nervous system. C. sympathetic nervous system. D. somatic nervous system.

B. peripheral nervous system.

The function of the spinal column is to: A. produce cerebrospinal fluid. B. protect the spinal cord. C. allow for back movement in all directions. D. manufacture platelets.

B. protect the spinal cord.

While assessing a patient with blunt trauma to the head, your assessment reveals that he also has discoloration of the soft tissues under both eyes. This finding is called: A. Cushing syndrome. B. raccoon eyes. C. Battle sign. D. LaFort fracture.

B. raccoon eyes.

You are assessing a 27-year-old male who you suspect has a spine injury. If he complains of pain when you attempt to place his head in a neutral inline position, you should: A. pad the neck before immobilizing. B. steady the head in the position found. C. continue with the stabilization procedure. D. contact medical direction immediately.

B. steady the head in the position found.

You are called to a motor vehicle collision where a 27-year-old woman has a bump on her head. You immediately begin manual stabilization of the head. Her airway is open and respirations are within normal limits. Her pulse is a little fast but strong and regular. Distal pulses are present. You can release manual stabilization when: A. the patient's head and torso are in line. B. the patient is secured to a backboard with the head immobilized. C. the rigid cervical collar is in place. D. the patient arrives at the hospital.

B. the patient is secured to a backboard with the head immobilized.

In supine patients with a head injury, the head should be elevated to _______ degrees to help reduce intracranial pressure. A. 10 B. 20 C. 30 D. 40

C. 30

The spine is made up of ______ vertebrae. A. 35 B. 23 C. 33 D. 38

C. 33

Which of the following would be least likely to cause a spine injury? A. A motorized recreational vehicle crash. B. A fall from a roof that causes open fractures to the ankles. C. A trauma patient who was shot in the abdomen. D. A diving injury into the shallow end of the pool.

C. A trauma patient who was shot in the abdomen.

Assessment of mental status is accomplished through the use of the mnemonic: A. SAMPLE. B. OPQRST. C. AVPU. D. AEIOU-TIPS.

C. AVPU.

You are treating a 22-year-old female who was assaulted with a knife. The attacker slashed the patient's throat. Initially, there was considerable blood, but you were able to control it and bandage the wound. The patient went into sudden cardiac arrest. What is the most likely cause? A. A stroke B. A heart attack C. An air embolism D. Infection from the wound

C. An air embolism

You are assessing a 29-year-old man who was involved in a bar fight earlier this evening. It is now 4 a.m., and the family called the ambulance because he has been vomiting. You notice that he has a bruise behind the ear. This is called: A. Cushing syndrome. B. raccoon eyes. C. Battle sign. D. posturing syndrome.

C. Battle sign.

Which of the following is NOT part of Cushing's triad? A. Increased blood pressure B. Decreased pulse rate C. Decreased pulse oximetry D. Irregular respirations

C. Decreased pulse oximetry

Which of the following is generally not a sign of traumatic brain injury, except in infants? A. Bleeding from the nose and ears B. Unequal pupils C. Hypoperfusion D. Seizures

C. Hypoperfusion

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of a concussion? A. Dizziness B. Weakness C. Muscle tremors D. Visual changes

C. Muscle tremors

Which of the following statements about the rigid cervical collar is false? A. A collar of an incorrect size can hyperextend the neck. B. Maintain manual spine motion restriction when applying a rigid cervical collar. C. The collar completely eliminates neck movement. D. The collar should never obstruct the airway.

C. The collar completely eliminates neck movement.

The brain is divided into the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the: A. foramen magnum. B. meninges. C. brain stem. D. spinal column.

C. brain stem.

Injury to the head and neck may indicate injury to the: A. thoracic spine. B. lumbar spine. C. cervical spine. D. sacral spine.

C. cervical spine.

When the spine is excessively pulled, which commonly occurs during a hanging, this is called a(n) _________ injury. A. excessive rotation B. lateral bending C. distraction D. compression

C. distraction

You are assessing a 38-year-old male who was struck on the head with a beer bottle in a bar fight. When a patient has a scalp injury, the EMT should: A. expect minimal bleeding. B. determine the wound depth. C. expect profuse bleeding D. palpate the site with the fingertips.

C. expect profuse bleeding

On your size-up of an automobile collision, you notice that both sides of the windshield have a spiderweb crack. In calling for a backup ambulance you should report that both the driver and passenger: A. have probably sustained abdominal injuries. B. are in critical condition. C. may require spinal motion restriction. D. will require multiple EMS personnel to properly extract them from the vehicle.

C. may require spinal motion restriction.

The autonomic nervous system is composed of the sympathetic nervous system and the: A. peripheral nervous system. B. central nervous system. C. parasympathetic nervous system. D. somatic nervous system.

C. parasympathetic nervous system.

Helmets must be removed in all of the following cases EXCEPT: A. cardiac arrest. B. when the helmet allows for excessive movement. C. when there are no impending airway or breathing problems. D. when a shield cannot be removed for access to the airway.

C. when there are no impending airway or breathing problems.

You are treating a 32-year-old female who was not wearing a helmet and struck her head when she fell off her bike. In some EMS systems, she would be taken to a trauma center if her Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score was less than: A. 8 B. 10 C. 12 D. 14

D. 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid? A. Acts as a shock absorber B. Bathes the brain and spinal cord C. Buffers the brain and spinal cord from injury D. Provides continuous oxygen to the brain

D. Provides continuous oxygen to the brain

Neck rigidity, bloody cerebrospinal fluid, and headache are associated with what kind of bleeding in the brain? A. Epidural hematoma B. Subdural hematoma C. Intracerebral hematoma D. Subarachnoid hemorrhage

D. Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Before and after immobilization, the EMT should assess: A. pulses in all extremities. B. motor function in all extremities. C. sensation in all extremities. D. all of these.

D. all of these.

You are treating a 35-year-old male who has an injury to one of his spinal vertebrae. The vertebrae are the _________ vertebrae most susceptible to injury because they are not supported by other bony structures. A. lumbar and sacral B. thoracic and cervical C. coccygeal and thoracic D. cervical and lumbar

D. cervical and lumbar

Intracranial bleeding outside of the dura mater and under the skull is known as a(n): A. concussion. B. intracerebral hemorrhage. C. subdural hematoma. D. epidural hematoma.

D. epidural hematoma

All of the following are examples of cervical-spine injuries that can result from a diving accident except: A. excessive extension. B. compression. C. excessive flexion. D. lateral bending.

D. lateral bending.

Emergency medical care of a patient with a possible spinal injury begins with: A. opening the airway. B. assessing level of consciousness. C. summoning law enforcement. D. standard precautions.

D. standard precautions.