CH3

15) The proteins synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum are then sent to the A) smooth endoplasmic reticulum for storage. B) Golgi complex for packaging. C) lysosome for modification. D) cell membrane for secretion. E) nucleus for cellular use.

B)

21) The beta cells of the pancreas produce insulin, a protein-based hormone. Which of the following organelles would be found in higher levels in the beta cells? A) mitochondria B) ribosomes C) microvilli D) lysosomes

B)

35) The simple squamous epithelial lining of blood vessels is called A) basolateral epithelium. B) endothelium. C) luteal cells. D) the vasa recta. E) None of the answers are correct.

B)

39) The term meaning "programmed cell death" is A) necrosis. B) apoptosis. C) oncogenesis. D) diuresis. E) cytocide.

B)

40) Groups of tissues that carry out related functions may form structures known as A) cells. B) organs. C) organelles. D) organisms. E) Impossible to tell from the information given.

B)

44) This modifies proteins and packages them into secretory vesicles for export from the cell. A) endoplasmic reticulum B) Golgi apparatus C) lysosomes D) mitochondria E) peroxisomes

B)

46) This junction contributes to the blood-brain barrier. A) gap junction B) tight junction C) anchoring junction D) desmosome E) neuromuscular junction

B)

49) Which of the following plays a role in temperature regulation in infants? A) cartilage B) brown fat C) collagen D) bone E) white fat

B)

54) The combination of fibers and ground substance in supporting connective tissues is known as A) cytoplasm. B) extracellular matrix. C) blood. D) mucous. E) micelles.

B)

60) ________ proteins attach loosely to other membrane proteins or polar regions of phospholipids. A) Nuclear B) Transmembrane C) Cytoskeletal D) Peripheral E) Glycolipid

B)

61) ________ is a protective layer made up of mostly membrane carbohydrates. A) Epidermis B) Glycocalyx C) Connective tissue D) Focal Adhesion E) Cadherin

B)

30) Epithelial cells that are adapted for membrane transport of materials, such as ions and nutrients, usually have ________ on their apical surface. A) mitochondria B) cilia or flagella C) microvilli D) junctional complexes E) vesicles

C)

34) The function of microvilli, often seen on the apical membrane of transporting epithelia, is to A) increase the movement of extracellular fluid. B) increase the resistance of the cell to viruses. C) increase the cell's surface area. D) increase the toughness of the cell. E) allow the cell to move through a fluid medium.

C)

37) Cells that store fat are called A) fibroblasts. B) liposomes. C) adipocytes. D) mast cells. E) melanocytes.

C)

41) The heaviest organ in the body is the A) liver. B) brain. C) skin. D) stomach. E) urinary bladder.

C)

43) This is the digestive system of a cell, degrading and/or recycling bacterial or organic components. A) endoplasmic reticulum B) Golgi apparatus C) lysosomes D) mitochondria E) peroxisomes

C)

47) Fibroblasts that secrete collagen-rich matrix dominants this tissue. A) cartilage B) bone C) loose connective tissue D) fat E) blood

C)

50) Nucleoli function in the production of A) peroxisomes. B) secretory vesicles. C) RNA for ribosomes. D) DNA that controls all cell functions. E) proteins.

C)

56) Structures composed of epithelial cells that produce secretions are called A) nuclear pores. B) cell junctions. C) glands. D) ducts. E) micelles.

C)

67) The distinguishing characteristic of connective tissue is A) that it is arranged in sheets of tissue that lie on body surfaces. B) that it is always dividing, constantly being replaced throughout the body. C) the presence of extensive extracellular matrix containing widely scattered cells. D) the collagen fibers that offer support. E) All of these characteristics help make connective tissue unique.

C)

70) Mature nerve and muscle cells are expected to lack which organelle(s)? A) nucleus B) endoplasmic reticulum C) centrioles D) ribosomes E) Golgi bodies

C)

9) Tay-Sachs is a disease caused by having ineffective A) mitochondria. B) Golgi bodies. C) lysosomes. D) rough endoplasmic reticulum. E) smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

C)

18) Peroxisomes A) use an enzyme to destroy H2O2 that is toxic to the cell. B) are a type of lysosome. C) are responsible for the atrophy of unused muscles. D) are sites for synthesis of fatty acids, steroids, and phospholipids. E) All of the answers accurately describe peroxisomes.

A)

19) The number of mitochondria in skeletal muscle cells is ________ adipose (fat) cells. A) greater than B) less than C) equal to

A)

20) The control center for cellular operations is the A) nucleus. B) mitochondria. C) Golgi complex. D) endoplasmic reticulum. E) ribosomes.

A)

31) Glands that secrete hormones into the blood via tissue fluids are A) endocrine glands. B) mixed glands. C) exocrine glands. D) unicellular glands. E) None of the answers are correct

A)

33) Every substance that enters or leaves the internal environment of the body must cross an epithelium. A) True B) False

A)

45) The simplest cell-cell junction is called a(n) A) gap junction. B) tight junction. C) anchoring junction. D) desmosome. E) neuromuscular junction.

A)

48) Chondrocytes secrete a firm but flexible matrix to form what tissue? A) cartilage B) bone C) loose connective tissue D) fat E) blood

A)

5) Which of the following is an example of a membranous organelle? A) lysosome B) cilia C) centriole D) ribosome E) cytoskeleton

A)

52) Cells are transformed into specialized units during A) differentiation. B) mitosis. C) apoptosis. D) transcription. E) programed cell death.

A)

55) The study of tissue structure and function is called A) histology. B) plasticity. C) differentiation. D) physiology. E) remodeling.

A)

58) ________ secretions are released into interstitial space to diffuse into the blood. A) Endocrine B) Exocrine C) Mucous D) Serous E) Ribosomal

A)

6) The thickest protein fibers from the following group are A) microtubules. B) neurofilaments. C) microfilaments. D) myosin molecules. E) keratin filaments.

A)

68) Close examination of an organ reveals a lining of several layers of cells. The layers do not contain any blood vessels, and one surface of the cells faces the internal cavity of the organ. This tissue is probably A) epithelium. B) muscle tissue. C) connective tissue. D) neural tissue. E) fat tissue.

A)

72) Mitochondria are considered which of the following? A) membranous organelle B) transmembrane protein C) inclusion D) cytoskeletal protein E) glycolipid

A)

74) The endoplasmic reticulum is considered which of the following? A) membranous organelle B) adheren C) inclusion D) mitochondrial protein E) glycocalyx

A)

65) Examination of a sample of glandular cells reveals an extensive network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following would be a likely product of these cells? A) digestive enzymes B) steroid hormones C) protein (peptide) hormones D) transport proteins E) antibodies

B)

66) The tissue(s) that is/are considered excitable because of the ability to generate electrical signals is/are called ________ tissue. A) muscle B) neural C) epithelial D) muscle tissue and neural E) muscle tissue, neural tissue, and epithelial

B)

69) Increasing muscle mass and decreasing fat content in your body can increase ones use of energy. Why is this? A) Fat is a connective tissue and not an excitable one. B) Muscle cells have more mitochondria than fat cells. C) Adipocytes contain more cytoplasmic inclusions. D) Fat cells have no blood supply.

B)

71) Only totipotent stem cells are capable of producing new cells in an adult. A) True B) False

B)

_24) Movement of material between cells is known as the ________ pathway. A) transcellular B) paracellular C) metacellular D) transendothelial E) cisendothelial

B)

_59) ________ proteins extend all the way across the cell membrane. A) Nuclear B) Transmembrane C) Cytoskeletal D) Peripheral E) Glycolipid

B)

28) Each of the following is a primary tissue type EXCEPT one. Identify the exception. A) muscle tissue B) neural tissue C) osseous tissue D) connective tissue E) epithelial tissue

C)

13) Which of the following is NOT a molecule synthesized in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)? A) fatty acids B) steroids C) proteins D) lipids E) All are synthesized in the SER.

C)

14) All of the structures listed below are involved in storage, EXCEPT A) lysosomes. B) peroxisomes. C) mitochondrial cristae. D) storage vesicles. E) All are involved in cellular storage.

C)

16) If a cell lacked lysosomes, it would not be able to A) synthesize lipids. B) produce enzymes. C) digest cellular wastes and bacteria. D) destroy H2O2. E) transport water-soluble molecules.

C)

17) Which substance is responsible for activating the digestive enzymes inside lysosomes? A) air B) water C) acid D) enzymes E) base

C)

27) Disappearance of which type of junction most likely contributes to the metastasis of cancer cells throughout the body? A) gap B) tight C) anchoring

C)

10) Microvilli are found A) mostly in muscle cells. B) on the inside of cell membranes. C) in large numbers on cells that secrete hormones. D) in cells that are actively engaged in absorption. E) only on cells lining the reproductive tract.

D)

12) All of the following are synthesized along various sites of the endoplasmic reticulum EXCEPT one. Identify the exception. A) proteins B) fatty acids C) steroids D) RNA E) phospholipids

D)

25) All but one of the structures listed below are a type of cell junction. Identify the exception. A) desmosomes B) tight junctions C) gap junctions D) loose junctions E) adherens junctions

D)

29) Functions of epithelia include all of the following EXCEPT A) providing physical protection. B) controlling permeability. C) producing specialized secretions. D) storing energy reserves. E) movement.

D)

38) Loose connective tissue functions in A) supporting small glands. B) supporting epithelia. C) anchoring blood vessels and nerves. D) All of the answers are correct.

D)

51) Communication between the nucleus and cytosol occurs through A) plasmalemma. B) desmosomes. C) sodium channels. D) nuclear pores. E) nucleoli.

D)

57) ________ secretions are released onto an epithelial surface. A) Nuclear B) Hormonal C) Microtubular D) Exocrine E) Endocrine

D)

63) Which of the following cytoskeleton components are responsible for the movement of chromosomes during cell division? A) microfilaments B) intermediate filaments C) thick filaments D) microtubules E) All of the answers are correct.

D)

64) Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding mitochondria? A) The outer mitochondrial membrane is responsible for its shape. B) The intermembrane space is used in the production of ATP. C) Mitochondria contain their own DNA and RNA. D) Mitochondria can replicate themselves only when directed by the cell's nuclear DNA. E) Mitochondria are responsible for providing energy to the cell.

D)

8) Each of the following statements concerning mitochondria is true EXCEPT one. Identify the exception. A) The mitochondrial cristae form the inner membrane forming separate compartments. B) The matrix of the mitochondria contains metabolic enzymes involved in energy production. C) The intermembrane space plays an important role in mitochondrial ATP production. D) The mitochondria contain no DNA or RNA. E) The mitochondria produce most of a cell's ATP

D)

____26) The esophagus is a tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. It does not secrete any enzymes or absorb any nutrients, but it does need to stand up to significant friction and stress. The type of epithelium most likely lining the esophagus would be A) cuboidal epithelium. B) simple squamous epithelium. C) simple columnar epithelium. D) stratified squamous epithelium. E) transitional epithelium.

D)

1) Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins? A) respond to extracellular molecules B) creating junctions between cells C) act as transport molecules for various solutes D) anchor or stabilize the cell membrane E) produce energy

E)

11) Microtubules A) are composed of tubulin. B) are hollow, filamentous structures. C) form cilia that aid in cell movement. D) are the largest cytoplasmic fibers. E) All of the answers are correct.

E)

22) If the adrenal cortex produces lipid-based hormones such as aldosterone, which organelle would be higher in cells of the adrenal cortex than in the adrenal medulla? A) Golgi apparatus B) mitochondria C) ribosome D) rough endoplasmic reticulum E) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

E)

23) The nucleus stores all the information needed to synthesize which of the following molecules? A) carbohydrates B) lipids C) proteins D) phospholipids E) All of the answers are correct.

E)

3) A liposome is A) only an additive to creams and lotions. B) only a drug-delivery vehicle. C) only a type of lipid. D) only a structural component of cell membranes. E) an additive to creams and lotions and a drug-delivery vehicle.

E)

32) Exocrine glands A) may make either mucous or serous secretions. B) release their secretions into the external environment. C) release their secretions through open tubes, called ducts. D) may work as single cells or as a multicellular organ. E) All of the statements are true.

E)

36) Functions of connective tissue include A) establishing a structural framework for the body. B) transporting fluids and dissolved materials. C) providing protection for delicate organs. D) storing energy reserves. E) All of the answers are correct.

E)

4) Intermediate filaments A) provide the cell with strength. B) stabilize the position of organelles. C) transport materials within the cytoplasm. D) form the neurofilaments in nerve cells. E) All of the answers are correct.

E)

42) These degrade long chain fatty acids and toxic foreign molecules. A) endoplasmic reticulum B) Golgi apparatus C) lysosomes D) mitochondria E) peroxisomes

E)

53) _____ is the extracellular component of connective tissues. A) Cytoplasm B) Blood C) Mucous D) Cartilage E) Ground substance

E)

7) Ribosomal RNA is formed by A) the endoplasmic reticulum. B) Golgi complexes. C) lysosomes. D) mitochondria. E) nucleoli.

E)

73) Cilia are considered which of the following? A) membranous organelle B) adheren C) inclusion D) mitochondrial protein E) protein fiber

E)

____2) What is/are the major role(s) of the phospholipid bilayer in the cellular membrane? A) the absorption of fats only B) the formation of a barrier that is selectively permeable to lipid-soluble molecules only C) to provide a framework for membrane proteins only D) to carry water-soluble molecules through a hydrophobic environment only E) the formation of a barrier that is a selective for lipid-soluble molecules and to provide a framework for membrane proteins

E)

62) Sketch a cell membrane. Label at least three components and briefly explain what each one does.

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