ch30 Bleeding

What is the approximate total blood volume of a 150-pound male?

4.8 L

A healthy adult can tolerate blood loss of up to ____ mL over a period of 15 to 20 minutes without any negative effects.

500

Which of the following components is LEAST crucial to the continuous circulation of oxygenated blood throughout the body?

. Spleen

Hematochezia:

. is the passage of stools that contain bright red blood

If you discover minor external bleeding during your primary assessment of a patient, you should:

. make note of it and continue your assessment

Which of the following statements regarding blood flow is correct

Ejection fraction is the percentage of blood that the heart pumps per contraction

Which of the following organs or body systems requires a constant blood supply, regardless of external factors?

Kidneys

What aggregates in a clump and forms much of the foundation of a blood clot during the process of coagulation?

Platelets

Which of the following types of shock is caused by poor blood vessel function?

Septic

Decompensated shock in the adult is characterized by:

a falling blood pressure

When applying a tourniquet to control major external hemorrhage from an extremity injury, you should:

maintain direct pressure to the wound until the tourniquet has been fully applied.

In contrast to a patient with compensated shock, a patient with decompensated shock would be expected to present with:

mottled skin and dilated pupils.

Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' current needs is called:

perfusion.

The amount of blood returned to the heart is called:

preload.

Afterload is defined as the:

pressure in the aorta against which the left ventricle must pump.

Agents such as Celox, HemCon, and QuikClot are used to:

promote hemostasis.

Patients with internal hemorrhage will benefit MOST from

rapid transport

Patients with internal hemorrhage will benefit MOST from:

rapid transport.

An organ or tissue that is considerably colder than 98.6°F is better able to resist damage from hypoperfusion because

the body's metabolic rate is slower

Perfusion is defined as:

the circulation of blood through an organ or tissue in amounts adequate to meet the body's demands

The MOST significant factor that determines how well the body compensates for blood loss is:

the period of time over which the blood is lost

All of the following are common early signs or symptoms of nontraumatic internal hemorrhage in older patients, EXCEPT:

vomiting

Which of the following factors would have the MOST negative effect on the body's process of hemostasis?

Anticoagulant use

Which of the following signs would you MOST likely observe in a patient with compensated shock?

Anxiety or agitation

Which of the following types of medication would MOST likely reduce a patient's ability to compensate when in shock?

Calcium channel blockers

If you suspect internal bleeding during the primary assessment, you should

keep the patient warm and administer oxygen

You have successfully controlled a large arterial hemorrhage from a 42-year-old man's leg with direct pressure and a pressure dressing. He is conscious, but restless. His blood pressure is 84/58 mm Hg, pulse is 120 beats/min, and respirations are 24 breaths/min. You should:

administer high-flow oxygen, keep him warm, transport, and establish two large-bore IV lines en route

A fall in blood pressure and the resultant changes in plasma osmolality cause the release of

aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone

You are treating a 20-year-old man with a large laceration involving the brachial artery. The patient is confused, is pale, and has weak peripheral pulses. Your initial attempts to control the bleeding have failed. You should:

apply a proximal tourniquet, administer high-flow oxygen, transport, and establish vascular access en route

Much of the bleeding associated with unsplinted fractures continues because:

bone ends will continue to move and destroy partially formed clots.

A patient with hemorrhagic shock would be expected to have:

flattened jugular veins

Venous bleeding:

is more likely to clot spontaneously than arterial bleeding.