Ch4

How many major extinctions has Earth experienced?

5

Where can stromatolites be found?

Australia

Of the metals commonly found in manganese nodules, ________ is the only metal deemed "strategic" for the United States.

Cobalt

According to the Wentworth scale, what is the particle name for a sediment that is 64 to 256 millimeters in size?

Cobble

Match the examples of sediments below with the term that best describes their classification. Coccolithophores Halite (salt) Abyssal clay Tektites

Coccolithophores; biogenous sediment Halite (salt); hydrogenous sediment Abyssal clay; lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment Tektites; cosmogenous sediment

Calcite dissolves more readily in seawater that is ________ in temperature and ________ in pressure.

Colder; higher

Which of the following is not considered a "salt" or evaporate mineral?

Dolomite

Which of the following contains calcium carbonate (CaCO3)?

Foraminiferans

Which of the following is the most common type of foraminifer ooze?

Globigerina

What is the expected calcium carbonate content in modern surface sediments at a latitude of 20 degrees south and a longitude of 20 degrees west?

Greater than 80% by length

The K-T boundary contained an unusual clay layer with high proportions of which element?

Iridium

A pelagic clay contains lots of material that settle to the seafloor through the water column and are _________.

Less than 30% biogenous material

Sediment that begins as rocks on contients or islands is called ________.

Lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment

Terrigenous sediment is another name for which of the following?

Lithogenous sediment

Calcium carbonate is most likely to dissolve in water with which characteristics?

Lots of carbon dioxide and colder temperatures

______ deposits are found on continental shelves and in shallow water near islands, whereas, ___________ deposits are found in deep-ocean basins and are fine grained.

Neritic; pelagic

Which part of the ocean is considered to be the most climatically sensitive regions on Earth?

North Atlantic

Which of the following sediments are biogenous?

Radiolarian, diatom, & calcareous ooze

Which of the following is the major environment concern regarding the release of methane from the sea floor to the atmosphere?

Release of large quantities of methane from the ocean causes dramatic effects on global climate

By analyzing cores of sediment collected from the sea floor, scientists can infer past environmental conditions on all of the following except ________.

Sealife Populations

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: An increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide due to the burning of coal will cause the calcite compensation depth to rise BECAUSE the oceans will get more acidic.

The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid