CH7 Quiz

Water is known as a solvent. This means that:

A solvent is a substance that is capable of dissolving a wide variety of substances.

Overhydration is rare in healthy individuals.

Drinking too much water and becoming overhydrated is very rare because your kidneys will compensate and excrete the extra water.

Water is so important to life that unlike other nutrients, it is not possible to drink too much water.

False. Although rare, it is possible to drink too much water.

Most Americans consume far less than the dietary recommendations for sodium.

False. Most health organizations recommend a sodium intake of less than 2.3 grams. Most Americans consume far more than that.

On average, the American diet is deficient in both phosphorus and chloride.

False. Most people consume enough chloride because of their salt intake. Phosphorus deficiencies are also rare.

Bottled water is guaranteed to be safer than our public water supply.

False. There is no evidence that bottled water is safer to drink than tap water. In addition, drinking bottled water can create additional plastic in land fills.

________ of an adult's healthy body weight is fluid.

Fifty to seventy percent

Select that which is NOT a function of fluid in the body:

Fluid has many functions including dissolving and transporting substances, maintaining body temperature, and lubricating tissues.

The most dangerous of heat induced disorders is:

Heat stroke is the most dangerous of heat induced disorders.

________ is a potentially fatal condition characterized by the failure of the body's heat-regulating mechanisms.

Heatstroke is a potentially fatal condition characterized by failure of the body's heat-regulating mechanisms.

The condition of high blood potassium is called:

Hyperkalemia is a condition in which blood potassium levels are dangerously high.

Hyponatremia is associated with:

Hyponatremia (low blood sodium levels) can occur when people drink large volumes of water.

Select from the following the urine color that signals PROPER hydration:

If an individual is well hydrated, his/her urine will be clear to pale yellow in color.

Select the individual who would have the highest body water content:

Infant

Insensible water loss is:

Insensible water loss refers to the loss of water from the skin in the form of sweat and from the lungs during breathing.

The term that describes fluid found inside the cells of the body:

Intracellular

All of the following are major functions of sodium EXCEPT:

Major functions of sodium include maintaining proper fluid balance, maintaining proper acid-base balance, and assisting with muscle contraction.

Lean tissue contains a greater percentage of fluid compared with fat tissue.

True. Lean tissues, such as muscle, contain more than 70% fluid. Fat tissue contains only 10-20% fluid.

A small but important component of daily water gain in the human body:

Metabolic water

Which of the following individuals is at risk for hyperkalemia?

People with healthy kidneys are able to excrete excess potassium effectively, but people with kidney disease can't regulate their blood potassium levels so they are at risk for hyperkalemia.

Which of the following is NOT a role of phosphorus in the body?

Phosphorus plays a critical role in bone formation, is a component of ATP, and is part of DNA. It does not play a role in regulating blood pressure.

Which of the following foods contains the LOWEST amount of sodium?

Processed foods tend to be high in sodium, while fresh fruits and vegetables tend to be low in sodium.

In general select the food that would contain the least amount of potassium:

Processed foods tend to be low in potassium. Fruits, vegetables, and whole grains tend to be high in potassium.

A diet rich in potassium has been shown to help maintain a healthy blood pressure.

True. Calcium, magnesium, and potassium were all shown to reduce hypertension in the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) study.

Select the positively charged electrolyte that predominates in the extracellular fluid.

Sodium is positively charged and located in the extracellular fluid.

What is the function of synovial fluid?

Synovial fluid is secreted by membranes that surround our joints to keep the joints lubricated.

The AI for sodium for adults under 50 years old is ________ grams per day.

The AI for sodium is 1.5 grams per day.

The body's thirst mechanism is located in the:

The body's thirst mechanism is located in the hypothalmus.

Which organ is primarily responsible for maintaining fluid balance?

The kidneys are the organ primarily responsible for maintaining fluid balance. They constantly help maintain fluid balance by either excreting or retaining the fluid we consume.

The majority of our body's phosphorus is stored in the:

The majority of our body's phosphorus is stored in our bones.

What is the primary reason we sweat?

The primary reason we sweat is to cool our body. As sweat evaporates off the skin's surface, heat is released and the body is cooled.

Which of the following stimulates the thirst mechanism?

The thirst mechanism is stimulated by increased concentration of solutes in the blood, decreased blood volume, decreased blood pressure, and dryness of the mouth and throat.A diet rich in potassium has been shown to help maintain a healthy blood pressure.

Living in areas of higher altitude increases fluid loss.

True. Environmental conditions that increase fluid loss include high altitudes, cold and hot temperatures, and low humidity.

Most people in the United States consume too much sodium.

True. Most Americans consume 3-6 grams of sodium even though most health organizations recommend consuming less than 2.3 grams per day.

Limiting salt consumption will improve the blood pressure in some individuals with hypertension.

True. Reducing sodium and salt intake will benefit some people lower their blood pressure, especially if they are salt-sensitive. However, it will not help all people lower their blood pressure.

Sodium and chloride are the predominant electrolytes in the extracellular fluid.

True. Sodium and chloride are the predominant electrolytes in the extracellular fluid. Potassium and phosphate are the predominant electrolytes in the intracellular fluid.

Sodium is an essential nutrient necessary for human health.

True. Sodium is an essential nutrient that our body needs to function optimally.

Typically, water moves from areas of high concentration of solutes toward areas of lower concentration of solutes.

True. Water always moves from areas where there is a low concentration of solutes to areas where there is a high concentration of solutes.

Which of the following is TRUE?

Water flows easily through our cell membranes, but electrolytes stay where they are (either inside or outside of a cell) unless they are transported by special proteins.

Water has a high heat capacity. What does this term mean?

Water has a high heat capacity which means that it takes alot of external energy to raise water's temperature. This ability helps protect our body from high temperatures outside.

The majority of dietary chloride is consumed from:

We get chloride in our diet from salt (sodium chloride).

The main avenue of fluid loss daily in a healthy adult is:

We lose most of our fluid through the kidneys in the form of urine.

Most water is lost daily via the ________.

urine