CH7 SOC 411

Consider what might have happened if Mendez lost the Mendez v. Westminster School District court case. If the case had been decided differently, which of the following is likely to have happened?

Correct Answer(s) Segregation would be higher between whites and Asian Americans. There would been less support for the ruling of Brown v. Board of Education. Incorrect Answer(s) Desegregation would likely have happened sooner. People would have recognized that "separate" schools were not necessarily "equal" schools.

In 1895, Booker T. Washington gave his famous speech

1. "Atlanta Compromise" 2. submission 3. "the talented tenth" 4. elitism

Child psychologists Betty Hart and Todd Risley studied the way parents talk to their young children.

1. 487 2. 178 3. 7 4. 2.5

After the Civil War, a Baton Rouge newspaper declared

1. Chinese 2. blacks 3. Japanese Americans 4. whites

The anthropologist's primary method

1. ethnography 2. nonwhite 3. exotic 4. white 5. normal

The gap between Asian and

1. white 2. black 3. college 4. five

In 2008, a rejected

1. white 2. upheld 3. racially 4. lower

There are a variety of admissions policies that affect the racial composition of a student population. For example, due to legacy admissions, approximately ______ percent of freshmen enrolled in America's top universities are white students who failed to satisfy their university's minimum requirements.

15

Based on an FBI report, approximately _____ percent of colleges and universities documented on-campus hate crimes during the previous year.

70

California Polytechnic State University

A fraternity hosted a "Colonial Bros and Nava-Hos" party with men dressed in Colonial-era costumes and women dressed in revealing Native American-themed costumes.

What is the effect of affirmative action on the self-esteem of nonwhite students?

Affirmative action can increase

economic capital

the sum of all financial and material assets

social capital

the sum of all resources one accrues by virtue of being connected to a network of people

cultural capital

the sum total of one's knowledge of established and valued cultural activities and practices

Which of the following did researchers find based on evaluating John Ogbu's theory of oppositional culture?

there is mixed evidence

Schools themselves are perhaps the most powerful institution with respect to generating and perpetuating educational inequalities. Identify the explanation(s) for why nonwhite groups are disadvantaged in their schools.

Explanation(s) Teachers spend less time on education because their students come to school with other problems that need their attention. Majority-nonwhite schools are more likely to have uncertified teachers. Many states offer no incentives for teaching in poor, nonwhite schools. Not Explanation(s) Teachers at majority-nonwhite schools have lower turnover rates.

Identify the explanations for why black graduates end up with more student loan debt than white graduates do.

Explanation(s): Black college graduates experience discrimination when looking for jobs after graduation. Black public university students borrowed nearly $4,000 more than did their white peers. Black families have less wealth than white families do. Black college graduates with a bachelor's degree are four times as likely as their white counterparts to default on their student loans.

Affirmative action policies sometimes allow unqualified applicants to be admitted to top universities.

False

In the late 1800s, all black children had access to early education, but it was usually in run-down, one-room school houses.

False

Choose the line that best reflects the percentage of black students in majority-white schools between the years 1990 and 2012.

Orange decreasing line

Based only on trends in educational attainment, which of the following is likely regarding racial inequality in incomes?

Racial gaps in income are likely to increase.

Who was the lawyer who led the NAACP and its legal battle against segregation? (Hint: He would also later become the first African American to sit on the Supreme Court.)

Thurgood Marshal

W. E. B. Du Bois

cofounder of the NAACP and promoter of equal education for all

When schools take a student's cognitive ability and class background into account, there is no racialized tracking.

false

Booker T. Washington

promoted industrial education for African Americans

For many decades, whites controlled how American Indian children were educated. Which event immediately precipitated the shift of full control over American Indian education from whites to American Indians?

the civil rights movement

It is important to evaluate whether or not race-based and class-based affirmative action actually helps nonwhite students.

1. decreased 2. lower

Which of the following help to explain the relationship between race and cultural capital?

2 right 1 wrong

Randolph-Macon College

A fraternity hosted a "USA versus Mexico" party featuring a drinking game where partygoers dressed as "Americans" had to catch those dressed as "illegal immigrants."

Arizona State University

A fraternity threw a party to commemorate Martin Luther King, Jr.'s, birthday, during which nonblack students wore loose basketball jerseys, flashed gang signs, and drank from hollowed-out watermelons.

Which of the following statements best describes how stereotypes affect different racial and ethnic groups?

All racial groups

Based on evidence about stereotype threat, which scenarios would a stereotype threat be likely to affect the designated group in a negative way?

Correct Answer(s) People from lower incomes would perform worse on an activity that measured intellectual ability for solving verbal problems. Women would perform worse when told that a test was a measure of math intelligence. Incorrect Answer(s) An African American would perform worse in a sprinting race when told it measured athletic ability. A white female would perform worse when asked about her race and then given a test measuring reading ability.

Which of the following factors help to explain the high educational attainment of Asian Americans?

Correct Answer(s) higher levels of economic capital among Asian immigrants high cultural values placed on academic success voluntary migration to the United States Incorrect Answer(s) higher levels of individualism a natural aptitude for science and math

When the Supreme Court required segregated schools to be phased out, which of the following strategies did whites use to resist desegregation?

Correct Answer(s) start private, all-white institutions attempt to abolish public education outright create lengthy, bureaucratic requirements for blacks to transfer to white schools Incorrect Answer(s) burn white schools to the ground

According to research conducted by Claude Steele and Joshua Aronson, under which of the following conditions does stereotype threat affect black students' performance?

Correct Answer(s) students are asked their race before taking a test students are told that a test measures their intellectual ability Incorrect Answer(s) students are told that a test is a "laboratory problem-solving task"

Which of the following are examples of cultural capital?

Example(s) of Cultural Capital understanding the right way to email your professor being able to play the piano knowing the appropriate clothes to wear to a job interview Not Example(s) of Cultural Capital having a high-paying job having a lot of workplace authority personally knowing many doctors and lawyers

Which of the following are examples of oppositional culture?

Example(s) of Oppositional Culture telling stories about maintaining dignity during slavery speaking Ebonics rap lyrics that glorify life in a ghetto Not Example(s) of Oppositional Culture embracing individualism celebrating Abraham Lincoln's passing of the Emancipation Proclamation

Which of the following are examples of how whiteness is normalized in the educational curriculum, as opposed to education through a multicultural perspective?

Example(s) of Whiteness Normalized in Education Literary "classics" include figures such as Ernest Hemingway and Mark Twain. The experiences of Americans of European descent are central to our knowledge of American history. Authors write for a primarily white audience. Not Example(s) of Whiteness Normalized in Education Students learn about social issues through the lens of intersectionality. The end of slavery is explained through the history of slave revolts. Students read about the ethnography of contemporary suburbs.

Which of the following are examples of how whiteness is normalized in the educational curriculum, as opposed to education through a multicultural perspective?

Example(s) of Whiteness Normalized in Education The experiences of Americans of European descent are central to our knowledge of American history. Authors write for a primarily white audience. Literary "classics" include figures such as Ernest Hemingway and Mark Twain. Not Example(s) of Whiteness Normalized in Education Students learn about social issues through the lens of intersectionality. The end of slavery is explained through the history of slave revolts. Students read about the ethnography of contemporary suburbs.

Which of the following did Annette Lareau find in her study on class and parenting styles?

Finding(s) When middle-class children are taught to treat adults as equals, it helps give them a sense of entitlement. With less regimented activities, working-class children develop less cultural capital. Not Finding(s) With long stretches of child-initiated play, middle-class children learn to be proactive. When parents establish clear boundaries between adults and children, it helps children build confidence.

Which of the following are harmful effects of the Asian American model minority stereotype?

Harmful Effect(s) Asian Americans have higher suicide rates. Asian Americans may be perceived as mechanical, not creative, or poor leaders. Asian Americans are successful in academics because of their membership to their group. Not Harmful Effect(s) On average, Asian Americans are paid less for the same work.

In an experiment, teachers were asked to examine the definitions that students attached to words along with their verbal skills. Black students and white students gave identical definitions, but teachers gave lower grades to the black students.

True

Identify the true and false statements about school segregation today.

True Statement(s) Black students, on average, attend worse public schools than do white students. Today, many schools are more segregated than they were thirty years ago. False Statement(s) Residential segregation is not the cause of school segregation. The percentage of southern black students in hypersegregated schools has decreased since 1980.

There is widespread confusion about how affirmative action works at colleges and universities. Identify the true and false statements about affirmative action in higher education.

True Statement(s) Some whites and Asians who would have been accepted at certain colleges and universities are denied entry because of affirmative action policies. False Statement(s) Nonwhites benefit more from affirmative action than whites benefit from legacy admissions. Nearly all colleges and universities use affirmative action in admission decisions. Affirmative action in admissions usually relies on a quota system.

Santa Clara University

White students hosted a "South of the Border" party and dressed up as Hispanic janitors, gardeners, and pregnant teenagers.

According to the textbook, place the ethnic groups in order from the least likely to the most likely to drop out of high school.

asians, whites, hispanics, blacks, native americans

In the early 1900s, what was the primary objective of Indian boarding schools?

assimilate American Indians

The graph shown depicts racial differences in college completion rates. Place the labels on their corresponding lines.

black = orange hispanic = pink white = blue Asian = purple

White male students cannot experience racial stereotype threat.

false

Horace Mann

famous abolitionist and educational advocate that proclaimed education was "the great equalizer"

Familism is highest among which group?

hispanics

Consider a scenario in which a white professor teaches a predominantly white classroom with one Native American student. The professor specifically asks the Native American student what Native Americans think about the Washington Redskins sports team. Does this scenario serve to perpetuate or fight racial stereotypes and inequality?

it perpetuates racial stereotypes because it presumes that the student can speak for all native americans.

Place the events in order from first to last.

mendez, brown, the little rock nine, milliken

What is the relationship between social capital and educational success?

more social capital can lead to success in some cases but hold students back in other cases.

Since its introduction in the nineteenth century, the model minority stereotype has been used by white America to prop up Asian Americans while simultaneously blaming black and Hispanic groups for their own lack of success.

true

While the myth of the model minority suggests that all Asian Americans have high levels of education and income, there are significant differences across different Asian American groups. Place the Asian American groups in order from least likely to most likely to have a four-year degree.

vietnamese, japanese, chinese, indian

Nonwhite and non-Asian students are overrepresented in vocational and remedial tracks. Which of the following best explains this racial distribution?

white teachers