Ch8-451

defect

A(n) ____ is any instance where the product or service fails to meet customer requirements.

unit test

A(n) ____ is done to test each individual component (often a program) to ensure that it is as defect-free as possible.

define

Important tools used in the ____ phase of the DMAIC process include a project charter, a description of customer requirements, process maps, and Voice of the Customer (VOC) data.

99.7

In any normal distribution, ____ percent of the population is within three standard deviations of the mean.

Juran's

One of ____ ten steps states that an organization should build awareness of the need and opportunity for improvement

Acceptance decisions

____determine(s) if the products or services produced as part of the project will be accepted or rejected.

three

Project quality management involves ____ main processes

normal distribution

A ____ is a bell-shaped curve that is symmetrical regarding the average value of the population (the data being analyzed).

control chart

A ____ is a graphic display of data that illustrates the results of a process over time.

95

A certainty factor of 1.960 is used for ____ percent desired certainty

analyze

An important tool used in the ____ phase of the DMAIC process is the fishbone or Ishikawa diagram.

five

It took only ____ years for 50 million people to use the Internet compared to 25 years for 50 million people to use telephones

maintain momentum by making annual improvement part of the regular systems and processes of the company

Juran's final step to quality improvement is ____.

Deming's

One of ____ 14 Points for Management states that an organization should cease dependence on inspection to achieve quality.

3.4

Six Sigma's target for perfection is the achievement of no more than ____ defects, errors, or mistakes per million opportunities

quality control

The ____ process is often associated with the technical tools and techniques of quality management, such as Pareto charts, quality control charts, and statistical sampling

seven run rule

The ____ states that if seven data points in a row are all below the mean, above the mean, or are all increasing or decreasing, then the process needs to be examined for non-random problems.

customer

The ____ ultimately decides if quality is acceptable

quality planning

The main outputs of ____ are a quality management plan, quality metrics, quality checklists, a process improvement plan, and project document updates.

Performance

____ addresses how well a product or service performs the customer's intended use.

Maintainability

____ addresses the ease of performing maintenance on a product

Features

____ are the system's special characteristics that appeal to users

Process adjustments

____ correct(s) or prevent(s) further quality problems based on quality control measurements.

Benchmarking

____ generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization

Pareto charts

____ help(s) you identify the vital few contributors that account for most quality problems in a system.

CMMI

____ helps integrate traditionally separate organizational functions, set process improvement goals and priorities, provide guidance for quality processes, and provide a point of reference for appraising current

Planning quality

____ includes identifying which quality standards are relevant to the project and how to satisfy those standards

Statistical sampling

____ involves choosing part of a population of interest for inspection

Performing quality control

____ involves monitoring specific project results to ensure that they comply with the relevant quality standards while identifying ways to improve overall quality.

Performing quality control

____ involves periodically evaluating overall project performance to ensure that the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards

Six Sigma

____ is a comprehensive and flexible system for achieving, sustaining and maximizing business success.

External failure cost

____ is a cost that relates to all errors not detected and not corrected before delivery to the customer.

Rework

____ is action taken to bring rejected items into compliance with product requirements or specifications or other stakeholder expectations

User acceptance testing

____ is an independent test performed by end users prior to accepting the delivered system.

Reliability

____ is the ability of a product or service to perform as expected under normal conditions.

Appraisal cost

____ is the cost of evaluating processes and their outputs to ensure that a project is error-free or within an acceptable error range

Functionality

____ is the degree to which a system performs its intended function

Conformance to requirements

____ means the project's processes and products meet written specifications

Crosby

____ wrote Quality Is Free in 1979 and is best known for suggesting that organizations strive for zero defects.

ISO 9000

____, a quality system standard developed by the ISO, is a three-part, continuous cycle of planning, controlling, and documenting quality in an organization