Ch.8 key 4

When was the Cold War era?

1940-1990s

What is the (AU) African Union?

53 countries of Africa have joined. Est. 2002 Replaces the Org. of African Unity. priority is to promote economic integration in Africa.

What was NATO and what were its objectives?

A military alliance among 16 democratic states, including the U.S. prevented soviet union from overrunning smaller countries

What was the Warsaw Pact and what were its objectives?

A military alliance between Communist eastern European countries. held buffer states of alliances between the soviet union and Germany to prevent another German attack.

What is the (OAS) Org. of American States?

All 35 states in the western hemisphere are a part of this. (Cuba is a member but is suspended from activities) The Headquarters are in Washington, D.C. It promotes social, political, and economic links among member states.

Before the WW1, what were some of the many superpowers, and why was it positive?

Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, U.K., U.S. This allowed no single state to dominate.

How did the superpowers demonstrate their military forces?

By bringing military into ally countries and changing their government to ensure they will stay and ally Soviet Union- Hungary/Czechoslovakia U.S.- Dominican Republic/Grenada/Panama.

Balance of power?

Condition of roughly equal strength between opposing alliances.

What is Council for Mutual Economic Assistance?

Designed to promote trade and sharing of natural resources and started with 8 Europe communist states and Cuba, Vietnam, and Mongolia.

After the Cold War, what were the most important alliances?

Economic alliances

Why did the world diverge into military alliances (During the Cold War)?

Emerging of the U.S. abd the Soviet Uniion

What was the common currency made for the Eurozone?

Euro notes and coins. 23 states use it.

During the Cold war, which two economic alliances formed in Europe?

European Union (EU) and Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON)

What is the (OSCE) Org. on Security and Cooperation in Europe?

Has 56 members including most of Europe, Canada, and the U.S. It was founded for Western European countries, yet expanded to include Warsaw Pact countries after the Cold War.

What is the Commonwealth?

Includes U.K. and 52 other states that were once British colonies. Many are islands or African countries. Seeks economic and cultural cooperation.

What is the most notable cultural element in Europe?

Language.

What were the two military alliances after WWII?

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty org.) and the Warsaw Pact.

What did the superpowers do to maintain strength?

Place military bases in other countries.

Why were global and regional org. made during the Cold War?

Prevent a 3rd world war and protect countries from foreign attacks.

what are the main goals of EU?

Promote development between the countries: barriers to free trade have been removed, subsides are provided to farmers and economically depressed regions, and European parliament is selected by the people in the states simultaneously.

What is the most dramatic step taken toward integrating nation- states in Europe to regional orgs.?

The Eurozone: The European West bank was given the responsibility for setting interest rates and minimizing inflammation through the Eurozone.

What major confrontation did the U.S. and Soviet Union face in Cuba?

The Soviet Union secretly began to construct Missile launching sites in Cuba. The U.S. demanded prevention of this. The SU ambassador denied this claim, yet the U.S. took aerial photos proving that they were.

What is the fear of many Europeans?

Their Nation-states will turn into multiethnic societies. Some of this fear is due to all the immigrants from poorer regions of Europe, Asia, and Africa filling low-paying jobs. They also believe the high crude birth rates from these countries will be brought with them from their home countries.

Two superpowers of Cold War?

U.S. and Soviet Union

What is European Union?

designed to heal western Europe from WWII. Started with Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, and west Germany

Where has opposition increased in Europe?

from the south and east, especially people who adhere to Islam.

Why did NATO expand and what purpose does it serve now?

it expanded to include former Warsaw Pact countries and it offers security against Russia

how has the EU affected Europe?

it has made it the world's wealthiest market.

How does crossing borders in Europe and the U.S. differ?

it is a cultural change in Europe rather than political.