CHA Kahoot
A nurse is giving a presentation to a community group about preventing atherosclerosis. Which of the following should the nurse include as a modifiable risk factor for this disorder? (Select all that apply.) Genetic predisposition Hypercholesterolemia Hypertension Obesity Smoking
Hypercholesterolemia Hypertension Obesity Smoking Hypercholesterolemia is correct. Cholesterol levels outside the healthful range increase clients' risk for heart disease, and they can change these levels.Hypertension is correct. Although it may not always be possible to eliminate hypertension, clients can change their blood pressure levels and thus reduce their risk for atherosclerosis.Obesity is correct. Clients who are overweight or obese can reduce their risk for heart disease by losing weight.Smoking is correct. Clients who smoke can reduce their risk for heart disease by quitting smoking.
A nurse is teaching the partner of a client who had an acute myocardial infarction (MI) about the reason blood was drawn from the client. Which of the following statements should the nurse make regarding cardiac enzymes studies? "These tests help determine the degree of damage to the heart tissues." "Cardiac enzymes will identify the location of the MI." "These tests will enable the provider to determine the heart structure and mobility of the heart valves."
"These tests help determine the degree of damage to the heart tissues." Cardiac enzyme studies are obtained because the degree of enzyme elevation reflects the degree of damage to the myocardium. The enzymes most commonly measured are CPK and troponin. These enzymes have a characteristic rise and fall pattern after an MI. It may take 4 hr or more after the onset of manifestations for the test to become abnormal and up to 24 hr for the level to peak. Eventually, the levels in the blood fall back to normal. Consequently, serial blood tests must be taken from the client to document and evaluate enzyme levels.
Which of the following clients are at an increased risk for developing infective endocarditis? (Select all that apply.) 18 year old client who is admitted with intravenous (IV) drug overdose. 86 year old client with poor medical and dental care. 23 year old client with a history of gastric reflux. 48 year old client with uncontrolled hypertension. 72 year old client with aortic valve replacement one week ago.
18 year old client who is admitted with intravenous (IV) drug overdose. 86 year old client with poor medical and dental care. 72 year old client with aortic valve replacement one week ago. Common conditions that predispose patients to develop infective endocarditis are IV drug users, those with poor dentition, those with prosthetic valves and those who develop systemic infections. Hypertension and gastric reflux are not conditions that predispose patients to infective endocarditis. Increase in risk for an infection, especially through the bloodstream and via dental carries, increase this risk
A client who has a history of myocardial infarction (MI) is prescribed aspirin 325 mg orally. The nurse recognizes that the aspirin is given due to which of the following actions of the medication? Analgesic Anti-inflammatory Antiplatelet aggregate Antipyretic
Antiplatelet aggregate The correct answer is that aspirin (ASA) is used as an antiplatelet aggregate. Aspirin is used to decrease the likelihood of blood clotting. It also is used to reduce the risk of a second heart attack or stroke by inhibiting platelet aggregation and reducing thrombus formation in an artery, a vein, or the heart.
A major potential complication the nurse should be aware of in clients with pericarditis is which of the following? Pericardial friction rub Fever Embolism Cardiac tamponade
Cardiac tamponade Cardiac tamponade can develop in pericarditis if a pericardial effusion is present and increases in size rapidly. The patient's heart is literally squeezed and is not allowed to fill properly, which results in a dramatic decrease in cardiac output. This is a medical emergency, one in which the fluid around the heart must be removed in order to restore normal pumping. The can be done with a pericardial drain or pericardiocentesis. Fever and pericardial friction rub and common findings in pericarditis. Embolism is not an occurence in pericarditis, but is a complication in endocarditis.
Chest pain associated with pericarditis is described as which of the following? Chest pain that is burning in nature. Chest pain that worsens with exertion. Chest pain that always radiates to the arms and neck. Chest pain that worsens with inspiration.
Chest pain that worsens with inspiration. Chest pain can have a variety of causes, and it is important to differentiate between it to get an idea of what is happening to the patient. Chest pain associated with pericarditis is usually worse with inspiration; it is difficult for the patient to take deep breaths without an increase in pain. The patient likes to sit up and forward to lessen the chest pain. Pain that radiates does not identify as uniquely due to pericarditis. Chest pain that has a burning quality is often related to gastric reflux and esophagitis. Pain that worsens with exertion could be related to angina or strain of skeletal muscles. Symptoms such as chest pain need to be correlated with the rest of the clinical picture.
A client hospitalized with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and has returned from the cardiac catheterization lab with a coronary stent placed. Which of the following client findings should be reported immediately to the provider? Reports of a headache with an increase in the nitroglycerin infusion. Chronic muscle weakness in the bilateral lower extremities. Complaints of slight nausea following ice chips. The pedal pulse on the procedural side has decreased from baseline.
Complaints of slight nausea following ice chips. A cardiac catheterization often involves entering the femoral artery to access the left side of the heart and the coronary arteries. It is important that frequent assessment of the pedal pulses are done to assure adequate circulation to the affected (procedural side) extremity. Headache from nitroglycerin is a typical side effect. It is not unusual for the patient to feel fatigued and/or have some nausea from the MI and the procedure. While these may need treatment, they do not require immediate notification of the physician.
Treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy can include which of the following? (Select all that apply) Diuretics Vigorous anaerobic activity Internal cardioverter-defibrillator placement Biventricular pacemaker placement Cardiac transplant
Diuretics Internal cardioverter-defibrillator placement Biventricular pacemaker placement Cardiac transplant Treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy includes managing heart failure symptoms (such as with diuretics) and all others listed, with the exception ofvigorous anaerobic activity. The patient needs to be diuresed to avoid fluid overload. Patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy need to avoid dehydration to assure adequate fluid levels are maintained.
Treatment for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can include all of the following except: Implantation of cardioverter-defibrillator to prevent sudden cardiac death Surgical removal of the hypertrophied septal tissue Encourage activity to improve cardiac output Manage or treat any signs of heart failure
Encourage activity to improve cardiac output Unfortunately, patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy often have to have their activities restricted, since an increase in cardiac output can lead to serious symptoms, such as loss of consciousness, heart failure and sudden death. All of the other options are useful in treating this disorder.
A nurse is establishing health promotion goals for a female client with coronary artery disease who smokes cigarettes, has hypertension, and has a BMI of 26. Which of the following goals should the nurse include? The client will list foods that are high in calcium, which should be avoided. The client will walk for 30 minutes, 5 days a week. The client will increase calorie intake by 200 calories per day. The client will replace cigarettes with smokeless tobacco products
The client will walk for 30min 5 days a week CDC recommendations include engaging in a moderate exercise, such as walking, for a total of 150 min each week.
