chap 15

At the most basic level, schizophrenia is best conceptualized as a(n) ________ disorder. obsessive-compulsive psychotic dissociative impulse control

psychotic

Researchers have found that approximately _____ percent of those with dissociative identity disorder were physically and/or sexually abused in childhood, leading to the conclusion that trauma can be a cause of this disorder. 80 99 95 65

95

Which of the following is a set of symptoms or behaviors that you might see in a person diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder? overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood pervasive need for perfectionism that interferes with the ability to complete tasks

lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

Those symptoms that involve noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives in those afflicted with schizophrenia are called ________ symptoms. positive absentee invisible negative

negative

People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts. obsessive-compulsive personality stress-related phobic

obsessive-compulsive

If Laura has bipolar disorder, then she ________. once started a day euphoric and ended the day tired never thinks about the risk that a major depressive episode will follow a manic episode experiences flashbacks interspersed with depression often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania

often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania

Which brain region is believed to play a critical role in the development of symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder? anterior cortex cingulate cortex prefrontal cortex orbitofrontal cortex

orbitofrontal cortex

Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring Cordelia's left arm. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing ________ disorder. bipolar panic schizotypal personality posttraumatic stress

posttraumatic stress

What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common? repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts obsession with the suffering of others conviction that the patient herself is the cause of many peopleâ s troubles generalized anxiety and specific phobias

repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts

Peripartum onset depression is a kind of depression ________. that applies to women who experience major depressive symptoms during or in the four weeks after a pregnancy. characterized by mood states that vacillate between depression and mania in which an individual experiences mania, characterized by extremely cheerful and euphoric mood, excessive talkativeness, irritability, increased activity levels, and other symptoms in which an individual has a tendency to repetitively and passively dwell on oneâ s depressed symptoms, their meanings, and their consequences

that applies to women who experience major depressive symptoms during or in the four weeks after a pregnancy.

Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model? Ozzie treats his depression by exposing himself to a series of stressors so he can learn coping skills. Ozzie treats his manic episodes by using medication to induce depression. Ozzie's doctor does not believe that mental illness has a biological basis. Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.

Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.

Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America? Determining Statistical Manifestation of Disorders Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders International Classification of Diseases Determinants of Social Mental Disorders

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about dissociative disorders? People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture. People with these disorders experience memory and identity disturbances. People with these disorders become disconnected from their sense of self. These disorders have a psychological rather than a physical cause.

People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture.

Which of the following is an example of hopelessness theory? Rochelle stops taking her medication because she does not think medication will help her depression. Rochelle is depressed, so she thinks terrible things will happen. Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about itâ "this leads her to become depressed. Rochelle is in an earthquake and many of her friends die, so she becomes depressed.

Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about itâ "this leads her to become depressed.

Egon can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won't sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him assessed for ________. attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder autism spectrum disorder schizoid personality disorder intellectual disability

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Nicole is socially inhibited and oversensitive to negative evaluation. She was thinking about a career in nursing, but she changed her mind because she believes the doctors would criticize her and patients would reject her. She has never been on a date because she feels socially inept and unappealing; she avoids meeting new people because anything less than immediate, unconditional acceptance causes her anxiety. Just yesterday she was invited to go on a kayak trip, but she didnâ t go because she was worried she would embarrass herself. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nicole's personality? avoidant personality disorder dependent personality disorder obsessive-compulsive personality disorder schizotypal personality disorder

avoidant personality disorder

Which of the following is not a risk factor for suicide? history of previous suicide attempts alcohol dependence have access to lethal weapons, such as firearms being a fan of violent media (music, television shows, movies, etc.)

being a fan of violent media (music, television shows, movies, etc.)

Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality? antisocial personality disorder borderline personality disorder schizotypal personality disorder avoidant personality disorder

borderline personality disorder

What is comorbidity? mental disorder leading to death having two causes of death having two causes for a single disorder co-occurrence of two disorders

co-occurrence of two disorders

A psychological disorder is a ________. condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors set of situational, idiosyncratic, or unconventional inner feelings medical condition that has identifiable neurological causes. condition characterized by normal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Which pair of neurotransmitters has received the most attention as a potential explanation for the symptoms of schizophrenia? norepinephrine and gamma-aminobutyric acid dopamine and serotonin gamma-aminobutyric acid and oxytocin serotonin and norepinephrine

dopamine and serotonin

Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Coleâ s major depressive disorder is ________? limited in duration to a few weeks asymptomatic reoccurring every few months episodic

episodic

Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing dissociative ________. depersonalization psychosis fugue identity disorder

fugue

Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she canâ t afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing a(n) ________ episode. dissociative body dysmorphic psychotic manic

manic

Nathan has an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Nathan appears to suffer from ________ personality disorder. narcissistic borderline histrionic schizotypal

narcissistic

Jeff is an unforgiving perfectionist who would rather deliver work a week late than turn in a project with even minor mistakes. In fact, he spends so much time working that he never has time for anything else. Jeff is known to be rigid, inflexible, and stubborn, and he never compromises. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jeff's personality? histrionic personality disorder schizoid personality disorder obsessive-compulsive personality disorder narcissistic personality disorder

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Alexis experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but only during the fall and winter months when she gets less direct exposure to sunlight What kind of depression does Alexis have? seasonal pattern bipolar peripartum/postpartum persistent depressive

seasonal pattern

Autism spectrum disorder is marked by all but which of the following categories of symptoms? deficits in communication repetitive patterns of behavior or interests deficits in social interactions severe depressive symptoms

severe depressive symptoms

Diondre harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath his fingernails and that the spiders will hatch inside his skin and will eventually begin to eat his organs. What kind of delusion is this? somatic paranoid grandiose disorganized

somatic

The ________ perspective of psychological disorders attributed symptoms of such ailments to forces that were beyond scientific understanding, such as black magic or evil spirits. neurological biological diathesis-stress supernatural

supernatural

________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and worry that is accompanied by disturbances in behaviors. Dissociative Anxiety Affective Personality

Anxiety

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of autism spectrum disorder? Gemma exhibits deficits in social interaction by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to. Gemma is submissive and physically clings to the people around her. Gemma is quick to anger and is incapable of dealing with a situation in which she is not the center of attention. Gemma is very impulsive - as soon as an idea enters her head she acts upon it.

Gemma exhibits deficits in social interaction by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to.

What is meant by the term etiology? the different symptoms of a given condition frequency with which a given illness occurs likely future path of an illness the cause of a disorder

the cause of a disorder

Which of the following is the best example of a compulsion? Jordy locks his door exactly nine times every time he leaves the house to make sure it is locked. Jean wears both sunglasses and a hat to keep the sun out of her eyes. Will cannot stop thinking about the exam that he has in chemistry tomorrow. Luke is wearing a bandage for longer than needed to make sure his cut is fully healed.

Jordy locks his door exactly nine times every time he leaves the house to make sure it is locked.

Apollonia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why? Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis. Apollonia also suffers from social anxiety disorder. People who grow up with a depressed parent usually become depressed themselves. Mood disorders are more likely to occur in younger people.

Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis.

Piper is terribly afraid of a number of different situations. She doesn't like riding on public busses or subways, finds open spaces very intimidating, does not like feeling "lost in a crowd," and prefers the safe and secure feeling of her own home. If these symptoms cause disruptions in her life, Piper might be diagnosed with ________. arachnophobia agoraphobia acrophobia ophidiophobia

agoraphobia

Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders? feeling sad and hopeless over a long period of time memory loss rapidly fluctuating mood becoming split off, or separated, from oneâ s core sense of self

becoming split off, or separated, from oneâ s core sense of self

According to the textbook, which of these events would have the highest likelihood of causing posttraumatic stress disorder? surviving a hurricane that destroyed a city being assaulted and robbed of your cash and credit cards reading about the death of dozens of people in a terrible airplane crash a fire to one's home that left no remains

being assaulted and robbed of your cash and credit cards

The approach to psychology suggesting that psychological disorders may be best explained by looking at genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities is the ________ perspective. diathesis-stress gestalt psychodynamic biological

biological