CHAP 2 WEATHERING & SOIL
36. What percentage of soil is solid material? What is the rest? - About 70% of soil is solid, the rest is water. -About 50% of soil is solid, the rest is water - About 70% of soil is solid, the rest is liquids and gases. -About 50% of soil is solid, the rest is liquids and gases.
ABOUT 50% OF SOIL IS SOLID, THE REST IS LIQUID AND GASES
15. The organic matter in soil is made of ____. -Dead worms -Stems -Roots -All of the above
ALL OF THE ABOVE
20. ____is a factor that affects soil development. -time -slope -type of rock -all of the above
ALL OF THE ABOVE
29. Which of the following causes abrasion? - rock fragments tumbling in a stream - glaciers - wind and waves -all of the above
ALL OF THE ABOVE
12. All of the following cause mechanical weathering except? -Ice -Tree roots -Burrowing animals -Carbonic acid
CARBONIC ACID
38. Acid rain wears away the words on a tombstone. -mechanical weathering -chemical weathering
CHEMICLE WEATHERING
40. What horizon (A, B, or C) contains the most organic matter in soil. -1 = A -2 = B -3=C
1=A
43. What horizon (A, B or C) has the most plant roots grow? -1=A -2=B -3=C
1=A
41. What horizon (A, B, or C) is most like the parent material (bedrock layer). -1=A -2=B -3=C
3=C
42. What horizon (A, B or C) has the least organic matter. -1=A -2=B -3=C
3=C
11. The layer of soil that contains the most organic material is called the ____ horizon. -A -B -C -D
A
21. The ____ horizon has smaller rock and mineral particles than the other layers. -A -B -C -D
A
10. Soil is a mixture of weathered rock, mineral fragments, water, air and____. -Sand -Decayed organic matter -Moss -Day
DECAYED ORGANIC MATTER
25. In areas where freezing occurs, rocks weather rapidly because of the ____ of freezing water. - evaporation - expansion - leaching - oxidation
EXPANSION
2. If a piece of limestone undergoes chemical weathering, the parts that form are still limestone. -True -False
FALSE
3. Plants cannot cause weathering. -True -False
FALSE
4. When chemical weathering occurs the inner rock oxidizes more quickly than the outer surface. -True -False
FALSE
5. The inorganic part of soil provides nutrients for plants. -True -False
FALSE
6. An area with large amounts of rain will have slower weathering than an area with little rain. -True -False
FALSE
7. If you dig a very deep hole, you will see that the soil stays the same no matter how deep. -True -False
FALSE
8. Biota in soil helps keep the pace of soil formation slow. -True -False
FALSE
14. Mechanical weathering is more rapid in a ____ climate. -Dry -Hot -Frequently temperature changing - Humid
FREQUENTLY TEMPERATURE CHANGING
24. Chemical weathering ____. - is caused by freezing and thawing - breaks apart rocks by physical processes - occurs when chemical reactions occurs like dissolving -none of the above
OCCURS WHEN CHEMICAL REACTIONS OCCUR LIKE DISSOLVING
30. Which of these is NOT an example of mechanical weathering? - ice wedging - oxidation - tree roots cracking rocks - animals digging through soil
OXIDATION
31. Why do rocks with more surface area oxidize more quickly? - Oxygen from the air causes oxidation - Rocks with more surface area - Rocks with greater surface area has more volume -Oxygen from the air makes up the rock
OXYGEN FROM THE AIR CAUSES OXIDATION
32. Soil scientists classify soil fragments according to __________. - color - size - smell -weight
SIZE
17. The difference between mechanical and chemical weathering is ____. -The length of time each takes to break up a rock -That only chemical weathering involves water -The way they affect the makeup of a rock -All of the above
THE WAY THEY AFFECT THE MAKEUP OF A ROCK
28. How long does it take for soil to form? - a few hours - a few days - a few years -thousands of years
THOUSANDS OF YEARS
1. Chemical changes make rocks easier to break down. -True -False
TRUE
9. Decomposition is the process of changing once-living material into dark-colored organic matter. -True -False
TRUE
35. Soil that is acidic and contains fine ash particles can be found near____________. - earthquakes - tornadoes - volcanoes -large lakes
VOLCANOES
13. Chemical weathering is more rapid in a _____climate. -Warm,dry -Warm,wet -Cold,dry -Cold,wet
WARM,WET
18. Mechanical weathering by way of ice is brought about by ____. -Carbonic acid freezing on rocks -Water and oxygen reacting -Water freezing and thawing -Rocks colliding with each other
WATER FREEZING AND THAWING
16. The rock and mineral fragments in soil come from rock that has been____. -Blasted -Weathered -Carved -Chemically treated
WEATHERED
33. What is one way biota effect soil formation? - Steepness of hills affects how much rock matter carries away - Bacteria aid in the decomposition of organic materials - Freezing and thawing allows expanding and breaking of rock -weathering constantly acts on rock and sediment
BACTERIA AID IN THE DECOMPOSITION OF ORGANIC MATERIALS
22. Below the C horizon is ____. -topsoil -bedrock -day -humus
BEDROCK
23. Mechanical weathering ____. - breaks apart rocks by physical process - occurs when chemical reactions occurs like dissolving - occurs when iron is exposed to oxygen and water -none of the above
BREAKS APART ROCKS BY PHYSICAL PROCESS
27. Which of the following is caused by weathering? - Brightly painted signs fade - The climate becomes warmer - Sea levels rise, flooding coastal communities -None of the above
BRIGHTLY PAINTED SIGNS FADE
34. What are the soil layers called? - horizons - vistas - panoramas -conglomerations
HORIZONS
19. Oxidation occurs when materials containing ____ are exposed to oxygen and water. -Iron -carbonic acid -kaolinite -all of the above
IRON
26. What type of weathering occurs when the extreme temperature from forest fires split rocks? - mechanical - chemical - organic -other
MECHANICAL
37. Burrowing animals break apart rocks as they dig. -mechanical weathering -chemical weathering
MECHANICAL WEATHERING
39. Plant roots force their way into a crack in the sidewalk and cause it to split even wider. -mechanical weathering -chemical weathering
MECHANICAL WEATHERING