Chap 24 A&P

A drug that blocks the action of carbonic anhydrase in parietal cells would result in A: decreased production of pepsinogen by chief cells. B: increased protein digestion in the stomach. C: decreased gastrin production. D: a lower pH during gastric digestion. E: a higher pH during gastric digestion.

E

A stratified squamous epithelial lining can be found in all of the following except in the A: oropharynx. B: anal canal. C: oral cavity. D: esophagus. E: stomach.

E

Absorption of glucose from the gut lumen depends on A: the sodium-potassium pump in the basolateral membrane of the epithelial cell. B: cotransporter proteins in the apical membrane of the epithelial cell. C: sodium-linked cotransport. D: higher sodium ion concentration in the lumen than in the epithelial cell. E: All of the answers are correct.

E

Enterogastric reflexes A: inhibit gastric secretion. B: involve the enteric nervous system. C: inhibit gastric motility. D: are triggered by chyme entering the duodenum. E: All of the answers are correct.

E

Sensory nerve cells, parasympathetic ganglia, and sympathetic postganglionic fibers can be found in the A: lamina propria. B: serosa. C: mucosa. D: adventitia. E: submucosal plexus.

E

The Kupffer cells of the liver A: are phagocytic. B: destroy bacteria. C: destroy damaged RBCs. D: present antigens. E: All of the answers are correct.

E

Upon swallowing, food moves from the mouth directly into the A: oral mucosae. B: sublingual space. C: buccal cavity. D: oral vestibule. E: oropharynx.

E

After food and gastric juices combine, the gastric contents are referred to as A: chyme. B: chunk. C: bolus. D: segments. E: feces.

A

An enzyme secreted by the gastric mucosa of a newborn that coagulates milk proteins is A: rennin. B: gastrin. C: trypsin. D: pepsin. E: cholecystokinin.

A

An enzyme that digests proteins into peptides is A: trypsin. B: amylase. C: nuclease. D: lipase. E: maltase.

A

Brunner glands are characteristic of the A: duodenum. B: stomach. C: colon. D: ileum. E: jejunum.

A

In response to a steak dinner, certain secretions are needed to aid digestion. What cells in the pancreas would provide these secretions? In response to a steak dinner, certain secretions are needed to aid digestion. What cells in the pancreas would provide these secretions? A: acinar cells B: duct cells C: islet of Langerhans cells

A

In the center of a liver lobule there is a A: central vein. B: portal area. C: sinusoid. D: portal vein. E: hepatic duct.

A

Inflammation of digestive organs is a common occurrence. Which of the following inflammatory diseases is not associated with the digestive system? A: meningitis B: peritonitis C: appendicitis D: hepatitis

A

Movements unique to the large intestine are ________ movements. A: mass B: writhing C: pendular D: segmentation E: peristaltic

A

Peyer's patches are characteristic of the A: ileum. B: jejunum. C: duodenum. D: colon. E: stomach.

A

Sucrose is hydrolyzed by sucrase into glucose and A: fructose. B: lactose. C: glucose. D: galactose. E: maltose.

A

The absorption of some sugars in the small intestine involves A: cotransport. B: pinocytosis. C: phagocytosis. D: osmosis. E: diffusion.

A

The duodenal ampulla receives secretions from the A: common bile duct and the pancreatic duct. B: duodenum and the pancreatic duct. C: duodenum and the jejunum. D: duodenum and the common bile duct. E: duodenum and the pylorus.

A

The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following except A: absorption of monosaccharides. B: mechanical processing of food. C: sensory analysis of material before swallowing. D: digestion of carbohydrates. E: lubrication.

A

The part of a tooth that contains blood vessels and nerves is the A: pulp cavity. B: dentin. C: periodontium. D: cementum. E: enamel.

A

The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the A: pylorus. B: body. C: cardia. D: fundus. E: antrum.

A

The stomach secretes the hormone ghrelin which functions to A: stimulate hunger. B: initiate secretion of gastric juice containing enzymes and acid. C: stimulate secretion of mucus from submucosal glands. D: inhibit hunger. E: regulate the digestion of lipids.

A

What do the gastroenteric reflex and the gastroileal reflex have in common? A: They both respond to signals associated with the distension of the stomach wall. B: They are both inhibited by large amounts of carbohydrates and alcohol. C: They are both triggered during the gastric phase of regulation. D: They both affect the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine through the ileocecal valve.

A

What is the name of the structure that connects the stomach to the duodenum of the small intestine? A: pyloric sphincter B: fundus C: cardia D: esophageal sphincter

A

Which of the following contains adipose tissue and provides padding for the anterior and lateral portions of the abdomen? A: greater omentum B: diaphragm C: lesser omentum D: mesentery proper E: falciform ligament

A

During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion, A: secretin inhibits parietal and chief cells. B: increased production of gastric juice occurs. C: production of gastric juice slows down. D: the stomach responds to distention. E: the intestinal reflex inhibits gastric emptying.

B

Enteric interneurons that are inhibitory to smooth muscle use which of the following neurotransmitters? A: substance P B: VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) C: norepinephrine D: ACh (acetylcholine)

B

In response to the hormone secretin, the pancreas secretes a fluid A: that contains only amylase. B: rich in bicarbonate ion. C: rich in mucus. D: rich in bile. E: rich in enzymes.

B

Norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter released by which fibers? A: parasympathetic postganglionic fibers B: sympathetic postganglionic fibers C: interneurons of the enteric nervous system D: both sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic fibers

B

Powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few times each day in the colon are called A: defecation. B: mass movements. C: segmentation. D: pendular movements. E: haustral churning.

B

The exocrine portion of the pancreas is composed of A: islets of Langerhans. B: pancreatic acini. C: pancreatic crypts. D: triads. E: pancreatic lobules.

B

The hormone that stimulates secretion and contraction by the stomach is A: enteropeptidase. B: gastrin. C: CCK. D: secretin. E: cholecystokinin.

B

The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called A: cardia. B: rugae. C: plicae. D: papillae. E: villi.

B

The root of a tooth is covered by A: enamel. B: cementum. C: dentin. D: pulp. E: the root canal.

B

The secretion in the large intestine consists of which of the following? The secretion in the large intestine consists of which of the following? A: intrinsic factor B: bicarbonate- and potassium-rich mucus C: digestive enzymes such as CCK and secretin D: bile

B

What provides access for blood vessels entering and leaving the liver? A: greater omentum B: lesser omentum C: diaphragm D: mesentery proper E: falciform ligament

B

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term gastrin? A: where pancreatic juice and bile enter duodenum B: stimulates gastric secretion C: causes gallbladder to contract D: carries absorbed sugars and amino acids E: stimulates pancreas to secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid

B

All of the following are true of the intestinal phase of gastric digestion except that it A: involves both neural and endocrine reflexes. B: helps ensure that the functions of the small intestine proceed with relative efficiency. C: precedes the gastric phase. D: begins when chyme enters the small intestine. E: functions to control the rate of gastric emptying.

C

An ulcerated stomach lining often repairs itself once the source of inflammation has been eliminated. How is this possible? A: The parasympathetic innervation of the stomach wall stimulates constant repair and renewal. B: The mucosa consists of a particularly vascular epithelium that facilitates efficient repair and renewal. C: The tissue lining the stomach is an epithelium and thus capable of repair and renewal. D: All of the listed responses are correct.

C

During which phase in the control of the digestive system would bicarbonate and bile be stimulated? A: gastric phase B: cephalic phase C: intestinal phase

C

Functions of the large intestine include A: production of gas to move waste toward the rectum. B: absorption of bile salts. C: reabsorption of water and compaction of feces. D: most of the chemical breakdown of food. E: secretion of vitamins.

C

Haustra are A: strips of muscle in the colon. B: glands in the large intestine that secrete mucus. C: expansible pouches of the colon. D: the source of colon hormones. E: compact feces stored in the rectum.

C

Mary had her stomach mostly removed to try to overcome obesity. As a result, you would expect Mary to be at risk for A: protein malnutrition. B: dehydration. C: abnormal erythropoiesis. D: diarrhea. E: an ulcer.

C

Salivation is controlled almost entirely by the nervous system. Which of the following stimuli would inhibit salivation? Salivation is controlled almost entirely by the nervous system. Which of the following stimuli would inhibit salivation? A: nausea B: a lemon C: fear D: the thought of food

C

Sandwiched between the layer of circular and longitudinal muscle in the muscularis externa is the A: mucosa. B: submucosal plexus. C: myenteric plexus. D: submucosa. E: muscularis mucosa.

C

The ________ are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that suspend the visceral organs and carry nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels. A: serosa B: fibrosa C: mesenteries D: adventitia E: lamina propria

C

The crown of a tooth is covered by A: cementum. B: pulp. C: enamel. D: periodontium. E: dentin.

C

The double-layer sheets of serous membrane that support the viscera are called A: peritoneal sheets. B: the diaphragm. C: mesenteries. D: the dorsal and ventral frenulums. E: ascites.

C

The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the A: release of cholecystokinin and secretin by the small intestine. B: entry of chyme into the large intestine. C: entry of food into the stomach. D: entry of chyme into the small intestine. E: sight, thought, or smell of food.

C

The space between the cheeks or lips and the teeth is called the A: dip sulcus. B: pharynx. C: vestibule. D: fauces. E: larynx.

C

The term "alkaline tide" implies that the pH of the blood in gastric veins is A: greater following a 24-hour fast than during digestion of a large meal. B: constant because of buffering. C: greater during digestion of a large meal than following a 24-hour fast. D: None of the answers are correct.

C

The uvula is located at the A: margin of the vestibule. B: base of a tooth. C: posterior margin of the soft palate. D: posterior of the tongue. E: margin of the oropharynx and the laryngopharynx.

C

What statement does NOT pertain to the cephalic phase of gastric secretion? A: It is triggered by sensory input, such as sight, as well as mental input, such as thinking about food. B: Mucous cells, chief cells, parietal cells, and G cells receive signals through the submucosal plexus. C: It controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine. D: It usually lasts only a few minutes.

C

Which of the following GI hormones promotes a pancreatic juice rich in bicarbonate ions? A: gastrin B: motilin C: secretin D: GIP (gastric inhibitory peptide)

C

Which of the following intestinal hormones stimulates the release of bile from the gall bladder? A: GIP (gastric inhibitory peptide) B: motilin C: CCK (cholecystokinin) D: gastrin

C

Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion? A: colon B: spleen C: pancreas D: esophagus E: appendix

C

A colonoscopy is a common diagnostic tool to check for colorectal cancer. Sometimes an investigation of the distal segment of the colon is all that is needed. What is the name of this distal segment of the colon? A: cecum B: mesocolon C: ileum D: sigmoid

D

Cells that are rapidly undergoing mitosis constantly repair and renew the lining of the pharynx and the esophagus, which is particularly vulnerable to abrasion associated with swallowing. Which of the following terms best describes this lining? A: muscularis externa B: submucosa C: mucosa D: serosa

c

A physician palpates the painfully swollen salivary glands just anterior to a young boy's ears and confirms that the mumps vaccine must not have been effective. What is the name of the infected salivary glands? A: sublingual salivary glands B: pharyngeal salivary glands C: submandibular salivary glands D: parotid salivary glands

D

A tell-tale sign of the constant fight against infections in the digestive system is the presence of large quantities of defensive cells. Which of the following types of cell have such protective functions? A: plasma cells B: lymphocytes C: Kupffer cells D: All of the listed responses are correct.

D

A viral infection that often involves the parotid glands, which swell noticeably, is A: polyps. B: parotiditis. C: dysphagia. D: mumps. E: gingivitis.

D

An increase in HCl (hydrochloric acid) secretion in the duodenum would stimulate which hormone that would help to counteract the effects of HCl? An increase in HCl (hydrochloric acid) secretion in the duodenum would stimulate which hormone that would help to counteract the effects of HCl? A: CCK (cholecystokinin) B: GIP (gastric inhibitory peptide) C: gastrin D: secretin

D

Bile is stored in the A: pancreas. B: liver. C: appendix. D: gallbladder. E: duodenum.

D

Chief cells secrete A: mucus. B: hydrochloric acid. C: gastrin. D: pepsinogen. E: intrinsic factor.

D

Complexes of fatty acids, monoglycerides, and bile salts are called A: chylomicrons. B: varicosities. C: vesicles. D: micelles. E: countertransporters.

D

Each of the following is a function of the liver except Each of the following is a function of the liver except A: storage of glycogen and iron reserves. B: synthesis and secretion of bile. C: inactivation of toxins. D: antibody production. E: synthesis of plasma proteins.

D

Functions of the stomach include all of the following except A: storage of ingested food. B: mechanical breakdown of food. C: initiation of protein digestion. D: absorption of triglycerides. E: denaturation of proteins.

D

Functions of the tongue include all of the following except A: aiding in speech. B: sensory analysis of food. C: mechanical processing of food. D: partitioning the oropharynx from the nasopharynx. E: manipulation of food.

D

G cells of the stomach secrete A: pepsin. B: cholecystokinin. C: secretin. D: gastrin. E: enteropeptidase.

D

HCl secretions convert pepsinogen to the active hormone pepsin. What cells in the gastric pits produce pepsinogen? HCl secretions convert pepsinogen to the active hormone pepsin. What cells in the gastric pits produce pepsinogen? A: G cells B: parietal C: paracrine (also known as enteroendocrine cells) D: chief

D

Increased secretion by all the salivary glands results from A: hunger. B: hormonal stimulation. C: sympathetic stimulation. D: parasympathetic stimulation. E: myenteric reflexes.

D

Parietal cells secrete A: mucus. B: gastrin. C: enteropeptidase. D: hydrochloric acid. E: pepsinogen.

D

Someone who suffers peritonitis because of a puncture wound that pierced part of his or her stomach suffered damage to what structure? A: visceral peritoneum B: parietal peritoneum C: serous membranes D: All of the listed responses are correct.

D

The enzyme pepsin digests A: vitamins. B: nucleic acids. C: carbohydrates. D: proteins. E: lipids.

D

The fusion of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct forms the A: common pancreatic duct. B: porta hepatis. C: hepatic portal vein. D: common bile duct. E: bile canaliculus.

D

The purpose of the fecal transplant is to get healthy bacteria inside the digestive tract so they can colonize the large intestine. After the fecal transplant is deposited into the stomach, it must pass through the small intestine before reaching its target. What is the name of the last part of the small intestine before it connects to the large intestine? A: jejunum B: cecum C: duodenum D: ileum

D

Which of the following describes the local response in the stomach during the gastric phase of gastric regulation? A: Stressful situations directly inhibit the local response during the gastric phase. B: Signals from the myenteric plexus trigger forceful contractions called mixing waves. C: It is triggered by chemoreceptors sensing partially digested peptides. D: Released histamines stimulate parietal cells to secrete acid.

D