chap 27
The major physiological effect of acidosis is depression of the central nervous system through depression of synaptic transmission while the major physiologic effect of alkalosis is overexcitability. True False
True
If you hold your breath for a prolonged period of time, the concentration of bicarbonate ions in your blood will decrease as will blood pH. increase as will blood pH. decrease while blood pH increases. increase while blood pH decreases. remain stable.
increase while blood pH decreases.
The primary trigger for ADH secretion is decreased blood osmolarity. increased blood osmolarity. decreased blood volume. increased blood volume. increased blood pressure.
increased blood osmolarity.
Hyperventilation (breathing in and out more air than normal) during a panic attack causes an increase in blood ________. pH H+ partial pressure of CO2 partial pressure of CO2 and H+
pH
ACE inhibitors can lower blood pressure because inhibiting ACE stops the secretion of renin prevents the formation of angiotensin I prevents the formation of angiotensin II increases the secretion of aldosterone prevents norepinephrine from binding alpha 1 receptors on blood vessels
prevents the formation of angiotensin II
The most abundant buffer system inside body cells and in plasma is the carbonic acid buffer system phosphate buffer system sodium bicarbonate buffer system protein buffer system
protein buffer system
Low blood calcium levels will stimulate release of PTH. bone formation. release of calcitonin. release of PTH and bone formation are correct. release of PTH, bone formation, and release of calcitonin are correct.
release of PTH.
Physiologic correction for acidosis caused by severe diarrhea may occur through metabolic compensation. renal compensation. respiratory compensation. hypoventilation. fluid repletion of sodium, chloride, and potassium.
respiratory compensation.
Which of the following statements is incorrect? The protein buffer system is the most abundant buffer system in intracellular fluid and blood plasma and can buffer both acids and bases. The carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system uses bicarbonate ions which act as weak bases and carbonic acid which can act as a weak acid. The phosphate buffer system is an important regulator of pH in cytosol. The phosphate buffer system allows the body to secrete proteins in urine.
the phosphate buffer system allows the body to secrete proteins in urine.
All of the following statements are true of acidosis EXCEPT? The normal pH range of systemic arterial blood is between 7.35 and 7.45 and, when it falls lower than 7.35, acidosis results. Acidosis is a condition in which blood pH is above 7.35. The major physiological effect of acidosis is depression of the central nervous system through depression of synaptic transmission. If the systemic arterial blood pH falls below 7, depression of the nervous system is so severe that the individual becomes disoriented, then comatose, and may die.
Acidosis is a condition in which blood pH is above 7.35.
When looking at acid/base balance in the body, the term for having too much base is Hyperbase. Acidosis. Alkalosis. Hypobase.
Alkalosis.
Typically, I compensate for increased acid in my blood by retaining Hydrogen ions. Sodium ions. Calcium ions. Bicarbonate ions.
Bicarbonate ions.
The level of bicarbonate ions in the bloodstream is primarily controlled by The kidneys retaining or excreting bicarbonate ions. The rate of breathing which causes the exhalation or retention of bicarbonate ion. The rate at which bicarbonate ions are absorbed by the digestive system into the bloodstream. The rate at which metabolism causes the formation of bicarbonate ions as byproducts.
The kidneys retaining or excreting bicarbonate ions.
The body's pH must be kept with the normal range of 3.1416 to 7.000. 5.5 to 6.8. 7.000. 7.35 to 7.45.
7.35 to 7.45.
Electrolytes in the body help to: Control osmosis between fluid compartments Help to maintain acid-base balance Carry electrical current Serve as enzyme cofactors' All of these choices
All of these choices
Sodium/potassium pumps maintain a high extracellular concentration of potassium and a high intracellular concentration of sodium. True False
False
If my blood pH starts to become more acidic, what can I do to my breathing rate to compensate for the lower pH? Breathe faster Stop breathing Breath slower Breath irregularly
Breathe faster
Chemicals in the bloodstream that can absorb small changes in blood pH are known as Compensators. Regulators. Buffers. Modulators.
Buffers.
If my blood pH starts to become more acidic, how will my kidneys respond to compensate for the lower pH? My kidneys will retain both additional hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions. My kidneys will retain additional bicarbonate ions and excrete additional hydrogen ions. My kidneys will retain additional hydrogen ions and excrete additional bicarbonate ions. My kidneys are unable to compensate for changes in blood pH.
My kidneys will retain additional bicarbonate ions and excrete additional hydrogen ions.
If blood pH of an individual has changed due to respiratory causes, which physiological process can reverse the change? Hypoventilation Hyperventilation Renal compensation Respiratory compensation All of these choices
Renal compensation
An increase in blood pH along with a decrease in carbon dioxide concentration will decrease the rate and depth of breathing.TrueFalse
True
Decreased blood sodium levels may cause cells to swell because of decreased interstitial fluid osmolarity. True False
True
Depression of the central nervous system is one of the major physiological effect of acidosis. True False
True
Excess hydrogen ions in the body are often produced by metabolic reactions. True False
True
The major physiological effect of acidosis is ______. The major physiological of alkalosis is ______. depression of the CNS; depression of the CNS depression of the CNS; overexcitability of the CNS overexcitability of the CNS; overexcitability of the CNS overexcitability of the CNS; depression of the CNS
depression of the CNS; overexcitability of the CNS