Chap. 35

Leapfroggins

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WAAVS

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Raymond Spruance

A United State admiral duiring WW2, commanded US naval forces during two of the most significant naval battles in the Pacific theater, the Battle of Midway and the Battle of the Philippine Sea, after the war he was appointed President of the Naval War College, and later served as American ambassador to the Philippines.

Holocaust

A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled.

Rosie The Riveter

A propaganda character designed to increase production of female workers in the factories. It became a rallying symbol for women to do their part.

Office of prince Administration

fought inflation by freezing prices on most goods

Dwight D Eisenhower

leader of the Allied forces in Europe during WW2--leader of troops in Africa and commander in DDay invasion-elected president-president during integration of Little Rock Central High School

Guadalcanal

one of the Solomon Islands in southwest Pacific, Japanese building airstrip, August 1942 battle, Allies won

Erwin Rommel

"Desert Fox"-May 1942; German and Italian armies were led by him and attacked British occupied Egypt and the Suez Canal for the second time; were defeated at the Battle of El Alamein; was moved to France to oversee the defenses before D-Day; tried to assassinate Hitler.

Hiroshima/Nagasaki

(FDR following death) nuclear attacks during World War II against the Empire of Japan by the United States of America at the order of U.S. President Harry S. Truman

SPARS

(U.S. Coast Guard Women's Reserve )See WAACs (Women's Army Auxiliary Corps).

Braceros

(temporary workers), US govt negotiated an agreement with Mexico in July 1942 to import braceros to relieve labor shortages in agriculture caused by conscription and the monement of rural workers to city factories; they were classified as foreign laborers rather than as immigrants

Bataan Death March

April 1942, American soldiers were forced to march 65 miles to prison camps by their Japanese captors. It is called the Death March because so may of the prisoners died en route.

Bernard Montgomery

British general who in an attack at El Alamein was able to drive the Germans away from the Suez Canal

Teheran

City where Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchill met to plan a second front to divert the Germans from Russia

Battle of the Bulge

December, 1944-January, 1945 - After recapturing France, the Allied advance became stalled along the German border. In the winter of 1944, Germany staged a massive counterattack in Belgium and Luxembourg which pushed a 30 mile "bulge" into the Allied lines. The Allies stopped the German advance and threw them back across the Rhine with heavy losses.

Fair Employment Practices Commission

FDR issued this committee in 1941 to enforce the policy of prohibiting employment-related discrimination practices by federal agencies, unions, and companies involved in war-related work It guaranteed the employment of 2 million black workers in the war factories.

GI

G.I. Bill, was a law that provided a range of benefits for returning World War II veterans (commonly referred to as G.I.s). Benefits included low-cost mortgages, low-interest loans to start a business or farm, cash payments of tuition and living expenses to attend college, high school or vocational education, as well as one year of unemployment compensation. It was available to every veteran who had been on active duty during the war years for at least ninety days and had not been dishonorably discharged; combat was not required.[

VE Day

Germany surrenders, Victory over Europe. May 8, 1945

Thomas Dewey

He was the Governor of New York (1943-1955) and the unsuccessful Republican candidate for the U.S. Presidency in 1944 and 1948. As a leader of the liberal faction of the Republican party he fought the conservative faction led by Senator Robert A. Taft, and played a major role in nominating Dwight D. Eisenhower for the presidency in 1952.

Korematsu V. USA

Japanese Internment was constitutional because individual or group rights may be limited to protect "national security"

D-Day

June 6, 1944 - Led by Eisenhower, over a million troops (the largest invasion force in history) stormed the beaches at Normandy and began the process of re-taking France. The turning point of World War II.

George Patton

Known as "Old Blood and Guts," George S. Patton, Jr. was one of the most colorful generals of World War II. During World War II he served in North Africa and Sicily before becoming the commander of the Third Army.

Rationing

Taking items that are in short supply and distributing them according to a system. For instance, during World War II, gas, sugar, and butter were a few of the items rationed in the United States.

Harry Truman

The 33rd U.S. president, who succeeded Franklin D. Roosevelt upon Roosevelt's death in April 1945. Truman, who led the country through the last few months of World War II, is best known for making the controversial decision to use two atomic bombs against Japan in August 1945. After the war, Truman was crucial in the implementation of the Marshall Plan, which greatly accelerated Western Europe's economic recovery.

Okinawa

The U.S. Army in the Pacific had been pursuing an "island-hopping" campaign, moving north from Australia towards Japan. On April 1, 1945, they invaded Okinawa, only 300 miles south of the Japanese home islands. By the time the fighting ended on June 2, 1945, the U.S. had lost 50,000 men and the Japanese 100,000.

Potsdam Conference

The final wartime meeting of the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union was held at Potsdamn, outside Berlin, in July, 1945. Truman, Churchill, and Stalin discussed the future of Europe but their failure to reach meaningful agreements soon led to the onset of the Cold War.

Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act

This authorized the federal government to seize industries and made strikes against government operated industry a criminal offense

Chester Nimitz

United States admiral of the Pacific fleet during World War II who used aircraft carriers to destroy the Japanese navy (1885-1966)

WAVES

Women Appointed for Volunteer Emergency Service in the Navy

Kamikaze

a fighter plane used for suicide missions by Japanese pilots in World War II

Manhattan Project

code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II

War Labor Board

was a federal agency created in April 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson. It was composed of representatives from business and labor, and chaired by Former President William Howard Taft. Its purpose was to arbitrate disputes between workers and employers in order to ensure labor reliability and productivity during the war. It was disbanded after the war in May, 1919.

War Products Board

was an agency of the United States government, which supervised production for war purposes during World War II. It was established on January 16, 1942, by Executive Order 9024 of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.