Chap 8: Addiction

What is an argument given by proponents of legalizing drugs such as marijuana?

Many of the social problems associated with drugs are due primarily to their prohibition.

What types of sensations produced by LSD are referred to as synesthesia?

distortion in one's perceived connection to reality feelings of depersonalization

An exaggerated feeling of well-being is called:

euphoria

What are the effects associated with using opioids?

euphoria feeling of uneasiness during first use

Clio lives in a state in which medical marijuana is legal. This means Clio cannot be prosecuted under federal drug laws.

false

Which of the following factors can contribute to the way in which a person responds to a drug?

genetic factors weight pregnancy

Which of the following are effects of CNS stimulants?

greater muscular tension accelerated heart rate increased blood pressure

Drugs that alter perceptions, feelings, and thoughts are known as

hallucinogens

Which of the following refers to drugs that alter perception, feelings, or thoughts?

hallucinogens

After work, Kamari decides to have a glass of wine to forget the stress and unhappiness of the day. This behavior repeats and increases each work day. One month later, Kamari is drinking a bottle of wine a night. Kamari:

has likely developed an addiction

Which of the following are factors associated with an increased chance of a young person trying drugs?

having used tobacco at a young age engaging in risky sexual behavior having a dysfunctional family life

Which infections and diseases are associated with the use of unsterile needles and syringes by people who misuse drugs?

hepatitis C HIV

Treatment centers offer a variety of services, including:

hospitalization counseling detoxification

Which of the following is not a side effect of using MDMA?

increased concentration

The key feature of tranquilizers is that they _____the central nervous system.

slow

In small doses, amphetamines do which of the following?

make people feel more alert change sleep patterns

With more than 50 million current users, the most widely used federally illegal drug in the United States is:

marijuana

Which of the following are widely abused prescription drugs?

medication to treat ADHD medication to treat anxiety medication to treat pain

Which of the following is the medication used to prevent withdrawal reactions due to heroin use?

methadone

Tremors, profound fatigue, deep depression, despair, and apathy are all withdrawal symptoms of which of the following?

methamphetamine

Which drug produces brain damage similar to that seen in Parkinson's disease patients and that persists even after drug use ceases?

methamphetamine

Barbiturates are often used for the prevention of seizures and______

migraines

Which of the following is a stimulant with amphetamine-like effects that is used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

ritalin

Central nervous system depressants are also known as what?

sedative-hypnotics tranquilizers

Which of the following is the name of a type of synthetic marijuana that is sold as "herbal incense"?

spice

A drug that increases nervous or muscular activity is called a(n):

stimulant

Ritalin is a drug that is a(n) ______ with amphetamine-like effects.

stimulant

What was a shift in the focus of drug-control policy by the U.S. government in 2010?

stopping the demand for illegal drugs

Which term describes the use of a substance inconsistent with medical or legal guidelines?

substance misuse

Which of the following terms refers to a condition in which a stimulus evokes not only the sensation appropriate to it but also another sensation of a different character?

synesthesia

Young men are more likely to use almost all types of illicit drugs, but females are just as likely as males to develop a substance use disorder. (T/F)

True

Which of the following are names of synthetic recreational drugs marketed as stimulants with properties like those of cocaine or amphetamine?

White Rush Bath salts

Cocaine is usually derived from the leaves of the _______shrubs that grow in the Andes Mountains.

coca

A person who cannot control the urge to gamble, even in the face of financial and personal ruin, is a(n) ______ gambler.

compulsive

What are some of the effects of ketamine?

confusion agitation

Which of the following is one of the negative effects of LSD?

It can cause spontaneous flashbacks.

Which of the following are part of the definition of prescription drug abuse according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse?

the use of a medication without a prescription the use of a medication just for the experience the use of a medication in a way other than prescribed

Which of the following are examples of harm reduction strategies as opposed to self-help programs?

testing street drugs for potency syringe exchange programs methadone maintenance

A severe ________ reaction can result from taking any dose of LSD.

panic

What is the best solution for drug abuse?

prevention

The drugs most often associated with addiction and impairment are _______drugs.

psychoactive

Repeated use of amphetamines can lead to a temporary state of paranoid ______, with delusions of persecution and episodes of unprovoked violence.

psychosis

People under the influence of drugs, including alcohol, are more likely to be involved in which of the following?

unsafe sex acts of violence car accidents

At the time of this writing, _____states and the District of Columbia (DC) have legalized medical marijuana, and _______states and DC allow for recreational usage.

37; 18

The Bureau of Justice Statistics reports that about ______ of all state and federal prisoners meet diagnostic criteria for drug abuse or addiction.

50%

Which of the following best describes a compulsive gambler?

A person who cannot control the urge to gamble, even when confronting financial and personal disaster.

_________ are used for the treatment of seizures and migraines.

Barbiturates

Barbiturates belong to which of the following drug categories?

CNS depressants

Suppliers in _______ ship these chemical ingredients used to synthesize fentanyl to Mexico, where cartels produce the and traffic the drugs into the United States.

China

Which of the following are reasons that people in the United States have for wanting to keep illegal drugs legal?

Drugs would be more socially acceptable if they were legalized. Legalizing drugs might expose more people to abuse and dependence. Allowing easier access to drugs might increase drug use among children and teenagers.

Which of the following is true regarding addiction?

Eating can be addictive for some people.

As an appetite suppressant, amphetamines are successfully used only if the same dosage is consistently ingested. (T/F)

FALSE

The main factor in the initial use of drugs is, almost always and exclusively, peer influence. (T/F)

FALSE

Addictions are related to drugs only. (T/F)

False

Which of the following statements about compulsive exercising is true?

It is often accompanied by other psychiatric disorders such as bulimia.

Which of the following statements about methadone are true?

It prevents withdrawal reactions. It reduces the craving for heroin.

Which of the following examples best fits the definition of addiction?

Janice goes to the track to bet on horses every day and owes a lot of money due to gambling losses.

Z-drugs include sleeping pills such as what?

Lunesta Ambien Sonata

Which of the following is a hallucinogen that is easily made and relatively cheap?

PCP

Which of the following are examples of common club drugs?

Rohypnol GHB

Which of the following are true regarding pandemic-related rates of drug use?

Stress, isolation, and job disruption likely elevated rates of drug misuse in the United States. The overdose death rate rose. For people living in poverty, many of the reasons for using drugs are magnified.

Which of the following correctly describe work addicts?

They are likely to neglect other aspects of life, such as social activities. They often have an inability to relax, even away from work.

Which of the following are true about amphetamines?

They are stimulants. They affect the central nervous system. They are also known as uppers.

Which of the following best describes central nervous system depressants?

They cause sedation.

What is a psychoactive drug?

a drug that can alter a person's consciousness or experience

The pleasing effects of a drug, usually felt soon after the drug is taken, are referred to as:

a high

What is the first step in most 12-step treatment programs?

acknowledging there is a problem

Which of the following terms is used to describe a complex disease that involves disruption of the brain's systems related to reward, motivation, and memory?

addiction

Which of the following is a synthetic chemical that is a potent central nervous system stimulant?

amphetamine

Which of the following terms refers to a drug that produces a loss of sensation with or without a loss of consciousness?

anesthetic

A(n) is a drug that has calming properties.

anesthetics or analgesic

Central nervous system depressants were mainly developed as _______agents.

antianxiety

An opioid is:

any of several natural or synthetic drugs that relieve pain and cause drowsiness or euphoria

Which of the following are the main factors in the initial use of drugs?

availability peer influence

What are results that can arise from using amphetamines?

bad judgments can be made the effects may wear off suddenly

When marijuana is excluded from misuse rates. _______ high school seniors show far lower drug use rates than Whites and Hispanics.

black

Research has shown that cannabis products can have positive effects on which of the following?

cancer-related pain that is not relieved by opioids muscle spasms related to multiple sclerosis

Processing cocaine with baking soda and water makes the ready-to-smoke form of cocaine known as

crack

Which of the following are withdrawal symptoms of opioid use?

cramps tremors sweating

Drug use can open the door to which problems?

dependence misuse

Which of the following are side effects associated with using MDMA?

dangerously high body temperature paranoia potentially fatal dehydration

GHB is a CNS depressant that in large doses or when taken in combination with alcohol or other depressants can cause:

death loss of consciousness

In terms of drug abuse, solvents, aerosols, and nitrates are classified as _______

inhalants

A chemical substance that helps relay nerve impulses in the brain is called a(n)______

neurotransmitter

Which of the following are examples of drugs classified as inhalants?

nitrites solvents aerosols

Which of the following are traits associated with compulsive exercising?

obsessive-compulsive symptoms use of another way to "purge" excessive preoccupation with body image

In 2022, President Biden renewed its predecessor's declaration of a national public health emergency regarding _________ _________

opioid epidemic

An addiction often begins when a person does something:

to bring pleasure or avoid pain

What is the purpose of a harm reduction strategy in drug treatment?

to minimize the negative effects of drug use and abuse

The function of a neurotransmitter is to:

transmit nerve impulses to the brain

Which of the following are efforts to address the problem of drug misuse?

treatment and education tougher law enforcement and prosecution workplace drug testing

Many drugs have addictive properties and change the chemistry of the brain. (T/F)

true

You don't have to be addicted to a drug to suffer its consequences. (T/F)

true