Chaper 11

Which of the following statements concerning the government's role in protecting the food supply are true? (Check all that apply.)

1. Your local health department is responsible for inspecting local grocery stores and restaurants. 2. The United States Department of Agriculture monitors the safety of meat, poultry, milk, and eggs.

This early breast milk provides 1. _____________and is 2. _________ in color.

1. antibodies and immune properties 2. yellowish

What is the best internal temperature for your refrigerator?

39°F

Registered dietitian nutritionists and pediatricians generally recommend that babies be breastfed exclusively for the first ______ of life.

6 months

Home-Delivered Meals(Meals on Wheels)

A 63-year old homebound man who is unable to go grocery shopping or purchase food on his own

Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)

A low-income pregnant woman who needs additional financial assistance to purchase healthy foods for a healthy pregnancy

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program(SNAP)

A low-income, single father who needs additional financial assistance to purchase allowable food items at the grocery store

Match the nutrient intake or nutrition practice with its associated problem in adolescents.

Low calcium intake: Low bone mass later in life Iron deficiency: Increased fatigue and decreased ability to learn Excess calorie intake: High blood pressure

Determine whether each child-feeding practice is recommended or not recommended.

Recommended 1. offer a variety of fruits, vegetables, and other nutrient-dense foods for meals and snacks 2. offer peanut butter on whole grain beagles, whole-grain cereal and milk, fresh fruit, or yogurt for snacks 3. avoid introducing honey to children until they are at least 1 year old 4. give pre-school-age and older children the opportunity to choose their foods from among nutrient-dense choices Not Recommended 1. encourage children to eat everything on their plate 2. encourage children to eat and drink while watching TV or playing media games 3. offer dessert to picky eaters for eating foods they usually avoid 4. let children skip breakfast if they're not hungry when they wake up 5. encourage children to eat their vegetables, so they can be served dessert

From 8 weeks after conception until birth, the developing human being is referred to as a _______

fetus

When some microbes contaminate food, they produce chemicals that irritate the intestinal tract and cause __________

food intoxication

During most of pregnancy, the ________is the organ responsible for nutrient and oxygen transfer from the mother to the developing human being.

placenta

A developing human being generally needs to spend at least 37 weeks within the uterus to survive after birth without the need for special care. A fetus that's born before the 37th week is ________

premature

The co-workers in Loraine's office enjoy bringing home-prepared foods to have "potluck" lunches on Fridays. Loraine is concerned about the risk of food-borne illnesses, so she brought a food thermometer to work to test the dishes that were prepared for a recent lunch. Which of the following foods had an internal temperature that was in the danger zone? (Check all that apply.)

1. A chilled macaroni salad made with mayonnaise at 55°F. 2. A warm milk, cheese, and potato casserole at 132°F. 3. A rotisserie chicken at 130°F.

Undernutrition in pregnancy can have consequences for mother and child. Select all of the statements that apply to undernutrition in pregnancy.

1. An undernourished pregnant woman is more likely to deliver a premature infant than a well-nourished pregnant woman. 2. An undernourished pregnant woman has a higher risk of giving birth to a baby with breathing problems than a well-nourished pregnant woman. 3. An undernourished pregnant woman has a higher risk of dying during childbirth than a well-nourished pregnant woman.

In the early stages of her pregnancy, Dana often experienced morning sickness. She found that a few practices helped alleviate her mild nausea. Which practices are recommended to alleviate nausea associated with pregnancy? (Check all that apply.)

1. Eating small, frequent meals and snacks 2. Drinking small sips of water and eating crackers before getting out of bed

Marilyn has a frozen pork roast that she'd like to serve for dinner tomorrow. Which of the following practices is a safe method to thaw the frozen meat? (Check all that apply.)

1. Keep the meat covered and thaw it in the refrigerator. 2. Keep the meat in its wrapper while thawing it under cold, running water. 3. Unwrap the meat, cover with a piece of wax paper or a plate, and thaw in the microwave, under the "defrost" setting.

Quinn is six months old. What factors determine whether Quinn is ready to eat solid foods? (Check all that apply.)

1. Quinn no longer thrusts her tongue forward to push food out of her mouth. 2. Quinn can sit up with back support. 3. Quinn can control her mouth, head, and neck.

As a consumer, you're concerned about the quality of your environment. Which of the following steps can you take to help improve the environment? (Check all that apply.)

1. Reduce the amount of food that you waste. 2. Eat more plant-based meals each week. 3. Reduce your beef consumption. 4. Purchase foods that were produced by sustainable agricultural methods.

National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs (NSLP)

A third grade boy whose parents' income level qualifies for school-based nutrition assistance

Loraine's mother is babysitting Loraine's 8-month-old baby. When she mentions that she's going to give the infant applesauce that's sweetened with honey, Loraine tells her mother that he cannot have honey. Why doesn't Loraine want her baby to eat honey?

Honey can contain botulism spores that can cause botulism in babies.

One of Loraine's friends, Marie, started purchasing raw, unpasteurized milk for her children. Marie insists that pasteurization reduces the nutritional quality of milk and raw milk contains phytochemicals that are destroyed during pasteurization. What should Loraine tell her friend about pasteurization?

The pasteurization process heats foods to kill pathogenic microorganisms and reduce the total number of bacteria.

Breast milk is naturally formulated to meet the nutritional needs of a growing infant. Cow's milk isn't recommended for children under one year of age, because it doesn't meet a human infant's needs. Consider the nutrient contents of cow's milk and indicate whether the level of each nutrient is too high or too low for infants.

Too much in Cow's Milk 1. Calcium 2. Protein 3. sodium Not enough in Cow's Milk 1. Carbohydrates 2. Essential Fatty acids

At an outdoor picnic, you should avoid eating all of the following foods, except _______.

an egg salad sandwich that has an internal temperature of 35°F

Simple single-celled microorganisms such as Salmonella and Clostridium are types of ________

bacteria

Holly is in her second trimester of pregnancy. Lately, she's had cravings for raw bean sprouts, lemon-flavored candy, blackboard chalk, and spicy baked chicken wings. Which of these items is an example of pica?

blackboard chalk

This later breast milk tends to be _________ in color.

bluish

During the first 8 weeks, the fertilized egg divides rapidly to form a mass of cells that increases in size and begins to form organs. At this stage, the developing human being is an ________

embryo

It's safe to eat a hamburger made with ground beef that's been cooked to an internal temperature of 145º F.

false

Food-borne illness can also be caused by microbes that live on dead or decaying organic matter. These kinds of microbes are called ______

fungi

Human milk is also rich in __________, arachidonic acid (AA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which help with brain and eye development.

linoleic acid

At birth, a healthy, mature fetus usually weighs about 6 to 8 pounds and is 19 to 21 inches long. An infant weighing less than 5 1/2 pounds is considered _________

low-birth-weight

Towards the end of the first week of breastfeeding, the initial milk has transitioned to _________

mature milk

Microbes that can cause disease are called _________

pathogens

Which of the following nutrients are "important nutrients" for older adults? (Check all that apply.)

protein

Conventional farming creates problems for the environment. An international team of experts proposed some steps to help solve such problems, including ______.

relying more on growing pest-resistant crops and using other integrated pest management techniques

Another potential source of food-borne illnesses are ________, which are microscopic agents that can cause disease.

viruses

A woman's pre-pregnancy body weight classification is used to recommend how much weight she should gain during pregnancy. Consider each woman's pre-pregnancy body weight status and determine the appropriate amount of weight that she should gain by the end of her pregnancy. Assume she's pregnant with only one fetus.

Gain 28-40 - When Lisa becomes pregnant, she's 15 pounds underweight Gain 25-35 pounds - When Roberta becomes pregnant, her weight is in the healthy range Gain 15-25 pounds - When Collen becomes pregnant, she's 10 pounds overweight Gain 11-20 pounds - When Tabitha becomes pregnant, she's 60 pounds overweight

Biotechnology has lead to the development of pesticide-resistant corn and crops that provide more nutrients than the same crops that have been grown for centuries.

True

Breastfeeding provides some advantages that are not achieved with formula feeding; one primary advantage is the production of ___________, the initial form of breast milk.

colostrum