Chapter 03 Quiz-General Biology I
The rigid ______ of most bacterial cells surrounds the cell membrane, protecting the cell and giving the cell shape. A. cell wall B. flagellum C. cytoskeleton D. pellicle
A. cell wall
Protists, plants, fungi, and animals are organisms in the domain ______. A. Archaea B. Eukarya C. Bacteria D. Monera
B. Eukarya
Protists, plants, fungi, and animals are organisms in the domain ______. A. Bacteria B. Eukarya C. Archaea D. Monera
B. Eukarya
Archaea are ________________ A. single-celled eukaryotes. B. multicellular prokaryotes. C. single-celled prokaryotes. D. multicellular eukaryotes.
C. single-celled prokaryotes.
Folds in the membrane of an organelle provide tremendous amount of ______ for cellular reactions without significantly increasing the volume of the organelle. A. nucleoli B. ATP C. surface area D. genetic material
C. surface area
A(n) is the smallest and most basic unit of life and can function as one or many working together__________________
Cell
The __________________________ theory states that all life is composed of one or more cells, which are the fundamental units of all life.
Cell
Proteins on the surfaces of cell membranes which enable cells to stick to other cells are called ______ proteins. A. transport B. receptor C. recognition D. adhesion
D. adhesion
What type of cell membrane protein enables neighboring cells to stick to each other? A. cellulose B. triglycerides C. receptor proteins D. adhesion proteins
D. adhesion proteins
Domain Eukarya includes ______. A. all organisms with prokaryotic cells B. bacteria and multicellular eukaryotes C. archaea and single-celled eukaryotes D. all organisms with eukaryotic cells
D. all organisms with eukaryotic cells
Organelles carry out specialized functions in the cell and are found in ______. A. archaea B. prokaryotes C. bacteria D. eukaryotes
D. eukaryotes
In 1660, the scientist Robert Hooke was the first person to A. observe cell division. B. discover that all cells contain DNA. C. propose that cells come from preexisting cells. D. see the outlines of cells.
D. see the outlines of cells.
What type of microscope has the highest resolution and can resolve objects less than 1 Angstrom apart? A. scanning electron microscope (SEM) B. compound light microscope C. confocal light microscope D. transmission electron microscope (TEM)
D. transmission electron microscope (TEM)
The cell membrane can be described as a(n)______________ mosaic because many of the diverse components can move freely within the cell membrane.
Fluid
Match the domain with the correct description. Bacteria Archaea Eukarya
Bacteria -cell size from 1-10 μm, fatty acids in the cell membrane, nucleus absent Archaea -cell size from 1-10 μm, nonfatty acid lipids in the cell membrane, nucleus absent Eukarya -cell size from 10-100 μm, fatty acids in the cell membrane, nucleus present
The outer layer (colored green) of the bacterium shown in the figure is a layer of polysaccharides called the ______, which forms outside the cell wall (the purple layer) and aids in protection and attachment. A. cilia B. nucleoid C. flagella D. capsule
D. capsule
The picture shows a(n) ______ cell. A. bacterial B. prokaryotic C. archaean D. eukaryotic
D. eukaryotic
Biological membranes are selectively ______, meaning they allow only specific types of molecules to pass into or out of the cell. A. fluid B. shaped C. charged D. permeable
D. permeable
Most cells are smaller than the unaided human eye can see. True or False
True
Most cells have a small size that is less than 0.1 mm in diameter to maximize surface area relative to volume. ___________________ True False
True
_____ proteins are embedded in the cell membrane and act as passageways for water-soluble materials into or out of the cell. A. Recognition B. Transport C. Adhesion D. Receptor
B. Transport
What type of cell membrane protein allows molecules and ions to enter or exit the cell? A. Adhesion proteins B. Transport proteins C. Recognition proteins D. Steroids
B. Transport proteins
A eukaryotic cell is different from a prokaryotic cell in that it contains _______________________ A. proteins. B. a nucleus. C. ribosomes. D. nucleoids.
B. a nucleus.
Proteins that will be secreted from the cell are synthesized by ribosomes on the surface of the A. Golgi apparatus. B. endoplasmic reticulum. C. lysosomes. D. peroxisomes.
B. endoplasmic reticulum.
Organelles called lysosomes contain ______ that break down food particles, old organelles, and other cellular debris. A. lipids B. enzymes C. ribozymes D. ribosomes
B. enzymes
In some types of bacteria, appendages called ______ rotate like a propeller and allow movement forward or backward. A. plasmids B. flagella C. stalks D. cilia
B. flagella
Select all of the following that differ between domains Bacteria and Archaea. A. location of DNA B. molecules that compose the membranes C. cell size D. presence of cell wall in most E. evolutionary relationship to eukaryotes
B. molecules that compose the membranes E. evolutionary relationship to eukaryotes
Select all of the following that correctly describe Archaean cells. A. arose before Bacteria B. most have cell walls C. eukaryotic D. lack nuclei and organelles E. can have flagella
B. most have cell walls D. lack nuclei and organelles E. can have flagella
What type of cell membrane protein binds molecules on the cell's exterior, which triggers a reaction in the cell's interior? A. recognition proteins B. receptor proteins C. transport proteins D. adhesion proteins
B. receptor proteins
Proteins to be secreted outside the cell are formed at ribosomes on the surface of the ______ endoplasmic reticulum. A. mitochondrial B. rough C. nuclear D. smooth
B. rough
Select all of the following that are able to pass freely through the phospholipid bilayer without the assistance of transport proteins. A. ions and polar molecules B. small nonpolar molecules C. lipids D. O2 and CO2
B. small nonpolar molecules C. lipids D. O2 and CO2
A ______ cell can exchange materials with the environment more efficiently than can a ______ cell. A. large; small B. small; large
B. small; large
Select all of the following that may be components of cell membranes. A. mitochondria B. steroids C. phospholipids D. proteins
B. steroids C. phospholipids D. proteins
What English physicist first observed the outlines of cells when he looked at cork from an oak tree? A. Leeuwenhoek B. Schleiden C. Hooke D. Schwann
C. Hooke
What is the smallest unit of life that can function independently? A. Compound B. Atom C. Molecule D. Cell
D. Cell
Key genetic sequences suggest that archaea are more closely related to members of domain ______ than they are to members of Domain Bacteria. A. Chordata B. Monera C. Plantae D. Eukarya
D. Eukarya
Lysosomes originate from vesicles that bud from the ______, and the enzymes contained in lysosomes are synthesized in the ______. A. smooth ER; rough ER B. Golgi apparatus; nucleus C. smooth ER; Golgi apparatus D. Golgi apparatus; rough ER
D. Golgi apparatus; rough ER
________________proteins bind to molecules and ions on the outside of the cell, triggering a reaction on the inside of the cell.
Receptor
The lytic enzymes inside digestion center organelles called ______ do not digest the entire cell because they function best at the acidic pH found only inside the organelle. centrosomes nucleus cilia lysosomes
lysosomes
What type of cytoskeleton filament is shown in the picture? cilium and flagellum intermediate filament microtubule microfilament
microfilament
Cellular respiration extracts energy from food and takes place in the organelle called a __________________
mitochondrion
What is a correct description of a confocal microscope? A. A beam of electrons passes over a chemically fixed specimen, generating a three-dimensional image. B. A laser is focused through a lens to the object, and the emitted light passes through a pinhole. C. Two or more lenses are used to focus light through a specimen in a vacuum chamber. D. A magnetic field focuses a beam of electrons and sends it through a specimen.
B. A laser is focused through a lens to the object, and the emitted light passes through a pinhole.
Select a component of the cell membrane that is able to move laterally within the membrane, giving it the description of a fluid mosaic. A. Organelles B. Proteins C. Water D. DNA
B. Proteins
Domain Eukarya includes ______. A. archaea and single-celled eukaryotes B. all organisms with eukaryotic cells C. all organisms with prokaryotic cells D. bacteria and multicellular eukaryotes
B. all organisms with eukaryotic cells
What cell shape has the most efficient exchange of materials between the cell's interior and exterior? A. large cell with large volume B. cell with more surface area relative to volume C. cell with less surface area relative to volume D. large cell with small surface area
B. cell with more surface area relative to volume
The internal membranes of several organelles are interconnected and form the ______ system of a eukaryotic cell. A. cytoskeletal B. endomembrane C. nuclear D. translation
B. endomembrane
In prokaryotic cells, DNA congregates in an area called the A. capsule. B. nucleoid. C. cell wall. D. ribosome.
B. nucleoid.
What structure is in the red circle in this image of the nucleus? A. nuclear envelope B. nucleolus C. smooth endoplasmic reticulum D. rough endoplasmic reticulum
B. nucleolus
All cells are surrounded by cell membranes, also called plasma membranes, that separate the cytoplasm from the A. ribosomes. B. outside environment. C. Golgi apparatus. D. endoplasmic reticulum.
B. outside environment.
Match the numbered arrow with the correct part of the mitochondrion. 1- 2- 3- 4-
1-inner membrane 2-outer membrane 3-DNA in matrix 4-cristae
The cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells includes many specialized compartments called A. organelles. B. domains. C. phospholipids. D. capsules.
A. organelles.
Select all of the following that may be components of cell membranes. A. proteins B. mitochondria C. phospholipids D. steroids
A. proteins C. phospholipids D. steroids
The nucleolus is a dense spot in the nucleus where components of ______ are assembled. A. vesicles B. vacuoles C. ER D. ribosomes
D. ribosomes
What is the function of a ribosome? A. To manufacture RNA B. To enclose materials to be C. exported from the cell D. To manufacture DNA E. To manufacture proteins
E. To manufacture proteins
In animal cells, structures called ______ are microtubule-organizing centers that contain the centrioles. centrosomes lysosomes chloroplasts peroxisomes
centrosomes
Select all the organelles that are thought to have arisen by endosymbiosis. chloroplasts mitochondria endomembrane system nucleus
chloroplasts mitochondria
Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules comprise the ______, which is a network of proteins that provide a structural framework within the cell. glycocalyx mitochondrion cytoskeleton endoplasmic reticulum
cytoskeleton
What is the network of protein fibers and tubules inside the cell that provides support and aids in cell division and movement? plasmodesma cytoskeleton extracellular matrix plasma membrane
cytoskeleton
The ______ is a protein network that occurs within the cytosol, provides support, and helps form ______. Golgi apparatus; detoxifying enzymes Golgi apparatus; cell to cell connections cytoskeleton; detoxifying enzymes cytoskeleton; cell to cell connections
cytoskeleton; cell to cell connections
The phosphate "head" end of a phospholipid is ______, meaning its polar covalent bonds attract water, but the tails of a phospholipid are ______ and thus face away from water. A. beta-helical; alpha-helical B. alpha-helical; beta-helical C. hydrophilic; hydrophobic D. hydrophobic; hydrophilic
C. hydrophilic; hydrophobic
In a cell, ______ is the genetic information of the cell, and RNA plays a role in the production of ______. A. RNA; DNA B. DNA; proteins C. protein; DNA D. cytoplasm; cytosol
B. DNA; proteins
The ______ is a series of flattened sacs that sorts and packages materials into vesicles to be sent to the cell membrane. A. centrosome B. Golgi apparatus C. cytoskeleton D. mitochondrion
B. Golgi apparatus
In this picture of the endomembrane system, the structure in the black circle indicated by the arrow is called the A. nucleus. B. Golgi apparatus. C. smooth endoplasmic reticulum. D. rough endoplasmic reticulum.
B. Golgi apparatus.
What plant cell organelle can occupy up to 90% of the cell volume and can exert turgor pressure against the cell membrane when it acquires water? A. Golgi apparatus B. central vacuole C. lysosome D. chloroplast
B. central vacuole
Biological membranes are selectively ______, meaning they allow only specific types of molecules to pass into or out of the cell. A. shaped B. permeable C. fluid D. charged
B. permeable
What is the most ancient type of life on Earth? A. fungi B. prokaryotes C. eukaryotes D. protists
B. prokaryotes
What are the structures indicated by the arrows in the picture that have pinched off the Golgi apparatus and will deliver their contents to another part of the cell? A. peroxisomes B. vesicles C. central vacuoles D. endoplasmic reticula
B. vesicles
Membranous spheres that transport materials inside the cell as part of the endomembrane system are called A. microtubules. B. vesicles. C. ribosomes. D. chloroplasts.
B. vesicles.
Select all of the following that are found in the cytoplasm, outside the nuclear membrane. A. nucleolus B. DNA-RNA complexes C. ions and enzymes D. organelles E. cytoskeleton
C. ions and enzymes D. organelles E. cytoskeleton
The cell structure that manufactures proteins is called a A. lysosome. B. nucleosome. C. ribosome. D. peroxisome.
C. ribosome.
Select all of the characteristics of organelles. A. all types contain the same set of B. enzymes C. studded with membrane proteins D. surrounded by membranes E. contain distinct proteins F. only found in animal cells
C. studded with membrane proteins D. surrounded by membranes E. contain distinct proteins
What structure is depicted by the two layers highlighted in yellow in this picture of the nucleus? A. endoplasmic reticulum B. Golgi apparatus C. nucleolus D. nuclear envelope
D. nuclear envelope
The two-layered nuclear envelope separates the nucleus of a cell from the A. nucleolus. B. cytoplasm. C. DNA. D. nuclear pores.
D. nuclear pores.
Folds in the membrane of an organelle provide tremendous amount of ______ for cellular reactions without significantly increasing the volume of the organelle. A. ATP B. genetic material C. nucleoli D. surface area
D. surface area
In the Golgi apparatus, proteins are sorted and packaged into ______ that deliver the proteins to their destinations. A. ribosomes B. vacuoles C. mitochondria D. vesicles
D. vesicles
The smallest objects that the unaided human eye can see are about ______ in size. A. 0.2 millimeters B. 200 nanometers C. 10 micrometers D. 0.1 centimeters
A. 0.2 millimeters
All cells have a cell ______ that surrounds the cytoplasm and forms a boundary between the cell and its environment. A. membrane B. vacuole C. capsid D. nucleoid
A. Membrane
Select all of the following that are examples in which the surface area to volume of cells is increased. A. Nerve cells are long and thin. B. Amoebas have extensions of their cell membrane. C. Red blood cells have a flattened and thin shape. D. Large cuboidal cells are about as wide as they are tall.
A. Nerve cells are long and thin. B. Amoebas have extensions of their cell membrane. C. Red blood cells have a flattened and thin shape.
Select the three scientists that proposed the three components of the cell theory in the mid-1800s. A. Virchow B. Pasteur C. Schleiden D. Schwann
A. Virchow C. Schleiden D. Schwann
What is the network of sacs and tubules that extends off the nuclear envelope and is where proteins and lipids are produced? A. endoplasmic reticulum B. nucleus C. cytoskeleton D. Golgi apparatus
A. endoplasmic reticulum
The digestive ______ that end up inside lysosomes are made in the rough ER, and then the Golgi apparatus packages them into vesicles, forming lysosomes. A. enzymes B. acids C. salts D. nucleic acids
A. enzymes
Select all of the following that are examples of high surface area being advantageous to an organism. A. large leaves in a light-poor environment B. large surface area in fish gills C. large skin surface area of a mammal's ears in a cold environment D. pollen grains with extensions in a wind-pollinated plant
A. large leaves in a light-poor environment B. large surface area in fish gills D. pollen grains with extensions in a wind-pollinated plant
What organelle of the endomembrane system breaks down debris, food, and old cell parts with special dismantling enzymes? A. lysosome B. Golgi apparatus C. smooth endoplasmic reticulum D. rough endoplasmic reticulum
A. lysosome
Select all of the cell parts that are involved in the endomembrane system. A. nuclear envelope B. mitochondria C. endoplasmic reticulum D. lysosomes E. Golgi apparatus F. chloroplasts
A. nuclear envelope C. endoplasmic reticulum D. lysosomes E. Golgi apparatus
elect all of the following that are found in the cytoplasm, outside the nuclear membrane. A. organelles B. ions and enzymes C. DNA-RNA complexes D. cytoskeleton E. nucleolus
A. organelles B. ions and enzymes D. cytoskeleton
______ are a category of plant organelles that contain their own DNA and ribosomes and can convert to many functions. Vacuoles Plastids Plasmodesmata Lysosomes
Plastids
The organelle that is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells is the , which is a type of plastid.______________________
chloroplast
Proteins that increase the speed of chemical reactions on the cell membrane and in other parts of the cell are called ____________________
enzymes
Outside of the cell membrane of many animals cells is the ______, which holds the cells together and coordinates some activities between cells. secondary envelope extracellular matrix contractile vacuole cell wall
extracellular matrix
What eukaryotic organelle is shown in the picture and functions in the production of cellular energy by cellular respiration? chloroplast smooth endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrion nucleus
mitochondrion
Tunnels called ______ occur in the cell walls of two adjacent plant cells and allow the cells to communicate and exchange materials with each other. plastids gap junctions plasmodesmata tight junctions
plasmodesmata
Cytoplasm can flow between adjacent plant cells through special openings in the cell wall called plasmodesmata. vacuoles. thylakoids. mitochondria.
plasmodesmata.
Select all of the following that are functions of the cytoskeleton in the cell. structural support transportation detoxification of chemicals aid for cell division production of most of the cell's ATP
structural support transportation aid for cell division
In mammals, mitochondria are inherited from ______. the male parent only the female parent only neither the male nor female parent both male and female parents equally
the female parent only
What type of cell junction is shown in the picture? tight junction anchoring junction plasmodesma gap junction
tight junction
Plant cells have large central ______ where water, salts, and sugars are stored and where materials are broken down and recycled with enzymes similar to lysosomes in animal cells. Golgi complexes centrioles vacuoles flagella
vacuoles
Protists called Paramecium possess organelles called contractile ______ that pump excess water out of the cell. vacuoles lysosomes Golgi thylakoids
vacuoles
______ are flattened membrane sacs within a chloroplast where photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll, are embedded. Stomata Mitochondria Stroma Thylakoids
Thylakoids
______ are flattened membrane sacs within a chloroplast where photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll, are embedded. Stroma Mitochondria Thylakoids Stomata
Thylakoids
What organelle protects all eukaryotic cells from toxic substances or toxic by-products of chemical reactions? A. peroxisome B. contractile vacuole C. central vacuole D. nucleus
A. peroxisome
Match each description with its correct type of cell: plant cell or animal cell. plant cell
A. plant cell -cell wall and chloroplasts present B. animal cell -centrioles present
Select all the roles that membranes play in cells. A. receive and respond to external stimuli B. enclose organelles in eukaryotic cells C. transport substances into and out of the cell D. transcribe DNA into RNA and assemble ribosomes
A. receive and respond to external stimuli B. enclose organelles in eukaryotic cells C. transport substances into and out of the cell
The endoplasmic ______ is a network of membranes originating at the nuclear envelope and winding through the cell. A. reticulum B. granum C. cristae D. matrix
A. reticulum
Select the three common shapes of bacterial cells. A. rod-shaped B. spiral C. round D. arched E. focal
A. rod-shaped B. spiral C. round
What structure is colored red in this image of the endomembrane system and has ribosomes covering its exterior? A. rough endoplasmic reticulum B. Golgi apparatus C. smooth endoplasmic reticulum D. nucleus
A. rough endoplasmic reticulum
The includes a fluid matrix of dissolved substances and also includes organelles and the cytoskeleton. It is found between the cell membrane and the nucleus.
Cytoplasm
What prominent structure in the eukaryotic cell is highlighted by blue color in the picture? A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum B. Golgi apparatus C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum D. Nucleus
D. Nucleus
The internal membranes of several organelles are interconnected and form the ______ system of a eukaryotic cell. A. translation B. nuclear C. cytoskeletal D. endomembrane
D. endomembrane
A ribosome's location determines the fate of the proteins that it produces. True False
True
Bacteria are the most abundant and diverse organisms. True False
True
What surrounds the cell membrane of most bacteria and provides structure and protection? A. cell wall B. ribosome C. flagellum D. nucleoid
A. cell wall
What is a steroid molecule that is found in animal cell membranes and that maintains membrane fluidity? A. cholesterol B. glucose C. glycogen D. cortisone
A. cholesterol
Key genetic sequences suggest that archaea are more closely related to members of domain ______ than they are to members of Domain Bacteria. A. Plantae B. Chordata C. Eukarya D. Monera
C. Eukarya
All living things consist of one or more___________________
Cells
Select all of the functions of cell walls. organize microtubules impart shape store genetic material regulate cell volume prevent the cell from bursting
impart shape regulate cell volume prevent the cell from bursting
Match the numbers on the picture with the correct name of the chloroplast part. 1- 2- 3-
1-stroma 2-thylakoid membranes (granum) 3-outer membrane
Put the following steps in order for making a protein that will be exported from a eukaryotic cell, beginning with the first step at the top of the list.
1. In the nucleus, genes in the DNA that encode the membrane protein are copied into a messenger RNA (mRNA). 2. The mRNA exits the nucleus through nuclear pores of the nuclear envelope. 3. The mRNA binds to a ribosome of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and produces a protein, which exits the endoplasmic reticulum in a vesicles. 4. The vesicle delivers the protein to the Golgi apparatus, where the protein folds and is packaged in a vesicle for export from the cell. 5. The vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and releases the protein to the extracellular environment.
Select all of the following that are present in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. A. cytoplasm B. DNA C. pigments D. RNA E. nucleus F. ribosomes
A. cytoplasm B. DNA D. RNA F. ribosomes
The requirement that specimens be killed and chemically fixed is a limitation of ____________________________ A. electron microscopy. B. the confocal microscope. C. light microscopy. D. the compound microscope.
A. electron microscopy.
What type of membrane protein speeds up chemical reactions? A. enzymes B. recognition proteins C. adhesion proteins D. steroids
A. enzymes
Cells that contain membrane-bounded organelles and a nucleus are called _____________________ A. eukaryotic cells. B. prokaryotic cells. C. archaea. D. bacteria.
A. eukaryotic cells.
What are the tail-like structures indicated by letter A in the picture of a bacterium? A. flagella B. ribosomes C. capsules D. nucleoids
A. flagella
Select all of the following that are functions of organelles in eukaryotic cells. A. improve efficiency of cell functions B. decrease surface area to volume ratio C. keep related biochemicals in close proximity to each other D. form a protective layer outside the cell wall E. allow for high concentrations of biochemicals only in certain cell areas
A. improve efficiency of cell functions C. keep related biochemicals in close proximity to each other E. allow for high concentrations of biochemicals only in certain cell areas
In eukaryotic cells, the DNA that codes for the cell's proteins is stored in a membrane-bounded organelle called the A. nucleus. B. endoplasmic reticulum. C. Golgi apparatus. D. nucleoid.
A. nucleus.
What structure is indicated by the arrow in this picture of the endomembrane system and lacks ribosomes covering the exterior? A. smooth endoplasmic reticulum B. mitochondrial cristae C. nucleus D. rough endoplasmic reticulum
A. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Select all of the following that are true about organisms in Domain Bacteria. A. some live in human intestines and help with digestion B. some are used to make pharmaceuticals C. contain multiple nuclei in each cell D. Earth's oldest organisms E. important decomposers and producers F. most lack cell walls
A. some live in human intestines and help with digestion B. some are used to make pharmaceuticals D. Earth's oldest organisms E. important decomposers and producers
Two types of electron microscopes are ______ electron microscopes, which pass electrons through a specimen, and ______ electron microscopes, which beam electrons over the surface of a metal-coated specimen. A. transmission; scanning B. confocal; contrast C. contrast; confocal D. scanning; transmission
A. transmission; scanning
______ junctions connect adjacent animal cells by linking their cytoskeletal filaments in one place. Plasmodesmata Gap Anchoring Basal
Anchoring
Domain ______ is eukaryotic with nuclei and membrane-bound organelles, whereas domains ______ and ______ are prokaryotic without nuclei or other membrane-bound organelles. A. Bacteria; Archaea; Eukarya B. Eukarya; Archaea; Bacteria C. Archaea; Eukarya; Bacteria
B. Eukarya; Archaea; Bacteria
______ microscopes bounce electrons off the outside of a metal-coated three-dimensional object to observe the exterior texture. A. Confocal B. Scanning electron C. Compound D. Dark transmission
B. Scanning electron
Select all of the drawbacks of electron microscopy. A. It can resolve smaller objects than light microscopy. B. Specimens must be killed prior to viewing them. C. The microscopes are expensive. D. The object must be transparent. E. All images are black and white
B. Specimens must be killed prior to viewing them. C. The microscopes are expensive. E. All images are black and white
Select the three components of the cell theory devised in the mid-1800s. A. All cells can arise from spontaneous generation. B. The cell is the fundamental unit of all life. C. All cells originate from preexisting cells. D. All cells have nuclei. E. All organisms are made of one or more cells.
B. The cell is the fundamental unit of all life. C. All cells originate from preexisting cells. E. All organisms are made of one or more cells.
Rod-shaped, round, and spiral are the three common shapes of __________ A. bacterial DNA. B. bacterial cells. C. ribosomes. D. the nucleoid.
B. bacterial cells.
Select all of the following that are present in plant cells but not in animal cells. A. peroxisomes B. cell wall C. chloroplasts D. nucleus E. mitochondria
B. cell wall C. chloroplasts
What feature enables eukaryotic cells to keep biochemicals and related structures in close proximity and increase efficiency within a relatively large cell volume? A. domains B. compartmentalization C. nucleoid D. a capsule surrounding the cell wall
B. compartmentalization
The requirement that specimens be killed and chemically fixed is a limitation of ___________________ A. light microscopy. B. electron microscopy. C. the confocal microscope. D. the compound microscope
B. electron microscopy.
The phosphate "head" end of a phospholipid is ______, meaning its polar covalent bonds attract water, but the tails of a phospholipid are ______ and thus face away from water. A. hydrophobic; hydrophilic B. hydrophilic; hydrophobic C. beta-helical; alpha-helical D. alpha-helical; beta-helical
B. hydrophilic; hydrophobic
In this illustration, what are the small, purple, circular structures indicated by the red arrows that are on the outer surface of the nucleus? A. ribosomes B. nuclear pores C. nuclear envelopes D. nucleoli
B. nuclear pores
The enzymes in one lysosome could not digest a cell because the ______ of the lysosome is much ______ than the neutral cytoplasm, and therefore the lysosome enzymes would not be able to function fully in the cell cytoplasm. A. temperature; higher B. pH; more acidic C. temperature; lower D. salinity; less concentrated
B. pH; more acidic
The cell membrane is composed of a type of lipid molecule called a(n) ______, which has two fatty acids and a phosphate group extending from a glycerol molecule. A. triglyceride B. phospholipid C. polysaccharide D. carbohydrate
B. phospholipid
Molecules called ______, which include cholesterol, are membrane components that aid in membrane fluidity. A. waxes B. steroids C. triglycerides D. starches
B. steroids
Select all of the characteristics of eukaryotic cells. A. size typically 10 to 100 times smaller than prokaryotic cells B. system of internal membranes C. lack organelles D. size larger than prokaryotic cells E. nucleus
B. system of internal membranes D. size larger than prokaryotic cells E. nucleus
Membrane proteins synthesized in the ER are transported in ______ to the ______, where the proteins will complete their folding and be packaged for export to the cell membrane. A. lysosomes; peroxisomes B. vesicles; Golgi apparatus C. mitochondria; lysosomes D. nucleoli; mitochondria
B. vesicles; Golgi apparatus
______ cells are the simplest forms of life and lack a nucleus. A. Plant B. Fungal C. Prokaryotic D. Eukaryotic
C. Prokaryotic
Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow are the three scientists credited with formulating the components of the __________________________ A. gene theory. B. theory of evolution. C. cell theory. D. structure of DNA.
C. cell theory.
In some bacteria, the capsule is a protective layer that forms from polysaccharides on the ____________ A. nucleoid. B. flagella. C. cell wall. D. nucleus.
C. cell wall.
Whether bacterium or blue whale, every organism is made of A. organs. B. tissues. C. cells. D. organ systems.
C. cells.
What type of light microscope uses two or more lenses to focus visible light through a living or preserved specimen? A. confocal microscope B. transmission electron microscope C. compound microscope D. scanning electron microscope
C. compound microscope
Cells that contain membrane-bounded organelles and a nucleus are called A. prokaryotic cells. B. archaea. C. eukaryotic cells. D. bacteria.
C. eukaryotic cells.
A small, cube-shaped object has a surface area-to-volume ratio that is ______ that of a large, cube-shaped object. A. equal to B. smaller than C. greater than
C. greater than
The portion of the phospholipid bilayer indicated by the circle in the picture is ______. A. hydrophilic B. composed of phosphate groups C. hydrophobic D. freely permeable to polar molecules
C. hydrophobic
What type of microscope passes light through a transparent specimen to generate true-color views of cells? A. transmission electron microscope B. scanning electron microscope C. light microscope
C. light microscope
The area within the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell where the circular DNA molecule is found is called the ______ and is not bounded by a membrane. A. nucleus B. ribosome C. nucleoid D. capsule
C. nucleoid
In eukaryotic cells, the DNA that codes for the cell's proteins is stored in a membrane-bounded organelle called the A. endoplasmic reticulum. B. nucleoid. C. nucleus. D. Golgi apparatus.
C. nucleus.
The molecule shown in the picture is a A. glycoprotein. B. triglyceride. C. phospholipid. D. sugar-phosphate backbone.
C. phospholipid.
What is the function of recognition proteins in the plasma membrane? A. allow cells to adhere to one another B. create passages through the lipid bilayer C. serve as "name tags" for the cell D. facilitate chemical reactions and allow them to proceed more quickly
C. serve as "name tags" for the cell
What plant organelle is shown in the image and contains photosynthetic pigments? Central vacuole Mitochondrion Chloroplast Nucleus
Chloroplast
What are the short, numerous, hairlike structures that surround some eukaryotic cells like a fringe and enable the cells to have coordinated movements? Cilia Extracellular matrices Capsules Flagella
Cilia
The picture shows a(n) ______ cell. Multiple choice question. A. prokaryotic B. archaean C. bacterial D. eukaryotic
D. eukaryotic
What are the tail-like structures indicated by letter A in the picture of a bacterium? A. capsules B. ribosomes C. nucleoids D. flagella
D. flagella
In this illustration, what are the small, purple, circular structures indicated by the red arrows that are on the outer surface of the nucleus? A. ribosomes B. nuclear envelopes C. nucleoli D. nuclear pores
D. nuclear pores
The ______ found within the nuclear envelope are specialized channels that are composed of proteins and that allow the transport of substances into and out of the nucleus. A. ribosomes B. nucleoli C. transport vesicles D. nuclear pores
D. nuclear pores
The cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells includes many specialized compartments called A. capsules. B. phospholipids. C. domains. D. organelles.
D. organelles.
What type of cell membrane proteins help the body identify its own cells? A. phospholipids B. transport proteins C. enzymes D. recognition proteins
D. recognition proteins
In animal cell membranes, cholesterol is a ______ molecule that helps maintain the fluidity of the membrane. A. phospholipid B. protein C. sugar D. steroid
D. steroid
In animal cell membranes, cholesterol is a ______ molecule that helps maintain the fluidity of the membrane. A. phospholipid B. sugar C. protein D. steroid
D. steroid
Determine the location of each ribosome based upon the destination of the proteins that it manufactures. Free-floating ribosome Ribosome on the rough ER
Free-floating ribosome- Proteins remain in the cell cytosol Ribosome on the rough ER- Proteins become part of the cell membrane or are secreted from the cell
Match the following cellular features found in all cells with their correct function in the cell. Ribosome Cytoplasm Cell Membrane DNA
Ribosome-structures that manufacture proteins Cytoplasm-all cell contents except the nucleus Cell Membrane-lipid-rich boundary between the cells and outside environment DNA-the cell's genetic information
Select all of the following that correctly describe plant organelles called plastids. They contain their own DNA and ribosomes. Some, such as chloroplasts, synthesize pigments. They contain enzymes that detoxify harmful substances. Some assemble and store starch.
They contain their own DNA and ribosomes. Some, such as chloroplasts, synthesize pigments. Some assemble and store starch.
Match the type of vacuole with its correct function. central vacuole in plants food vacuole in amoebas contractile vacuole in Paramecium
central vacuole in plants-contains enzymes, salts, pigments, sugars, and acids food vacuole in amoebas-digest nutrients engulfed by cell contractile vacuole in Paramecium-pump excess water out of the cell
Each centrosome in animal cells organizes microtubules and contains two ______, which can also form the base of cilia and flagella. nuclei plastids plasmodesmata centrioles
centrioles
The folds of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion, called ______, contain the enzymes for cellular respiration. thylakoids rough vesicles stomata cristae
cristae
What theory describes how ancient organisms engulfed bacterial cells and, instead of being digested, the bacterial cells became organelles within the host cells? nucleoid theory gene theory endosymbiosis plastid expansion
endosymbiosis
Select all of the following types of organisms that usually have cell walls. fungi animals algae archaea plants bacteria
fungi algae archaea plants bacteria
A protein channel that links the cytoplasm of two animal cells and allows the exchange of ions, nutrients, and small molecules between the cells is called a(n) ______________junction.
gap
The cell wall openings in plant cells called plasmodesmata are most similar to __________________ junctions in animal cells.
gap
In the cytoskeleton, ______ are made of different proteins (depending upon the cell type) and act to maintain cell shape and bind certain cells together. intermediate filaments actin filaments basal bodies microtubules
intermediate filaments
What type of cytoskeleton filament is shown Multiple choice question. cilium and flagellum microtubule microfilament intermediate filament
microtubule
Match each type of intercellular junction with its correct description. plasmodesmata tight junctions anchoring junctions gap junctions
plasmodesmata-tunnels for the exchange of substances between adjacent plant cells tight junctions-fuse cell membranes of adjacent animal cells, forming a barrier anchoring junctions- connect animal cells to the extracellular matrix or to adjacent animal cells in one place gap junctions-channels for the exchange of substances between adjacent animal cells
Select all of the following that are found in mitochondria. ribosomes DNA enzymes matrix pigment molecules lysosomes
ribosomes DNA enzymes matrix
Lipids, detoxifying enzymes, and membrane components are produced and stored in the _____________ endoplasmic reticulum.
smooth
