Chapter 04: Section 4.1-4.4 - Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Cocci may be arranged as __________. tetrads streptococci diplococcic staphylococci All of the listed answers.

All of the listed answers.

Which of the following is NOT a structure of prokaryotic cells? Chloroplast Flagellum Capsule Chromosome Ribosome

Chloroplast

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the glycocalyx found in bacteria? reates a slimy, slippery coating that prevents bacteria form attaching to surfaces A structure that can be visualized by negative staining If firmly attached, contributes to bacterial virulence A viscous coating surrounding the cell made of polysaccharide, polypeptide, or both

Creates a slimy, slippery coating that prevents bacteria form attaching to surfaces

Which of the following bacterial structures is necessary for chemotaxis? Flagella Capsules Plasmids Metachromatic granules

Flagella

Penicillin specifically interferes with peptidoglycan synthesis. Which of the following cells is most likely to be damaged by penicillin? Gram-positive bacterial cells Cells of archaea Yeast cells Human cells

Gram-positive bacterial cells

You are observing a Gram stain of rod-shaped microorganisms that are linked in a chain and stain purple. How would you describe these bacteria using the correct terminology for the cell shape and arrangement? Correct answer Gram-positive streptobacilli Gram-positive tetrads Gram-negative staphylococci Gram-positive coccobacilli

Gram-positive streptobacilli

Which of the following is NOT true of the gram-negative outer membrane? It contains enzymes for energy synthesis. It is a part of the gram-negative cell wall. It contains lipopolysaccharide. It has polysaccharide antigens that are useful in bacterial identification. It contains lipids also known as endotoxins.

It contains enzymes for energy synthesis.

Which of the following statements about a gram-negative cell wall is FALSE? It contains teichoic acid. It includes a thin layer of peptidoglycan. It functions as an endotoxin. It maintains the shape of the cell.

It contains teichoic acid.

Which of the following is a likely outcome, based on the unique cell structure of members of the genus Mycoplasma? Mycoplasma species have very flexible cells that can pass through bacteriologic filters. Mycoplasma species can release endotoxins when they lyse. Mycoplasma species usually stain gram-positive. Mycoplasma species are susceptible to penicillin. Mycoplasma species are susceptible to disruption by lysozymes.

Mycoplasma species have very flexible cells that can pass through bacteriologic filters.

With a light microscope, which of the following would allow discrimination between eukaryotes and prokaryotes? Observation of nuclei Observation of the plasma membrane Observation of the ribosomes Observation of flagella Observation of photosynthetic pigment

Observation of nuclei

Why is penicillin selectively toxic to bacterial cells but harmless to human cells? Correct answer Penicillin specifically weakens peptidoglycan, which is found only in bacterial cells. Penicillin is rapidly metabolized and destroyed by human cells. The glycocalyx of an animal cell provides a barrier through which penicillin cannot pass. Human cells actively transport penicillin out of the cell. Penicillin is inactivated within lysosomes of human cells.

Penicillin specifically weakens peptidoglycan, which is found only in bacterial cells.

What will occur if a bacterial cell with a weakened or damaged cell wall is placed in pure water? The cell will swell and burst. The cell will remain the same size. The cell will shrink. The cell will form endospores. The cell will form a new cell wall.

The cell will swell and burst.

Many pathogenic (disease-producing) bacteria produce a(n) __________ that protects them from phagocytosis by host cells. capsule flagellum pilus endospore

capsule

Spirochetes and spirilla are both spiral-shaped bacteria. However, they differ in that spirochetes have __________ and spirilla do not. endoflagella fimbriae peritrichous flagella N-acetylglucosamine

endoflagella

A Gram stain of a wound reveals purple, spherical bacteria that divide and remain attached in grapelike clusters. These are referred to as __________. gram-positive staphylococci gram-negative spirochetes gram-positive streptococci gram-positive tetrads

gram-positive staphylococci

All of the following are found in the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria EXCEPT __________. lipid A peptidoglycan teichoic acid N-acetylglucosamine lipoteichoic acid

lipid A

The term describing bacteria with flagella that are arranged as a tuft coming from one pole is __________. lophotrichous monotrichous amphytrichous peritrichous

lophotrichous

Phototaxis refers to the ability of microorganisms to __________. move toward a source of light. move toward or away from chemical stimuli move in a wavelike motion attach to solid surfaces survive under adverse conditions

move toward a source of light.

Chemotaxis refers to the ability of microorganisms to __________. Correct answer move toward or away from chemical stimuli survive under adverse conditions attach to solid surfaces move in a wavelike motion escape phagocytosis

move toward or away from chemical stimuli

The term describing bacteria with flagella distributed over the entire surface of the cell is __________. peritrichous Unselectedmonotrichous amphytrichous lophotrichous

peritrichous

In a prokaryotic cell, all of the following are functions of either fimbriae or pili EXCEPT __________. protection from phagocytosis transfer of DNA formation of biofilms attachment to a surface

protection from phagocytosis

Gram-negative cells contain a periplasmic space that is __________. Correct answer rich in degradative enzymes the site of protein synthesis abundant in teichoic acid a site of endocytosis filled with lysozyme

rich in degradative enzymes

Consider a gram-positive cell in a hypertonic medium. If the peptidoglycan were damaged, the cell would __________. shrink swell remain the same size shrink and then swell

shrink

Which of the following pairs is matched correctly? spheroplast—gram-negative bacteria that are exposed to lysozyme but retain some of the outer membrane protoplast—a genus of bacteria that typically do not have cell walls L form—a wall-less bacterium created by the action of lysozyme; the plasma membrane remains intact, and the cell carries on metabolism Mycoplasma spp.—bacteria that spontaneously, or in response to penicillin or lysozyme, partially lose their cell walls and swell into irregularly shaped bacteria that divide and metabolize and may regain their cell wall

spheroplast—gram-negative bacteria that are exposed to lysozyme but retain some of the outer membrane

Spherical bacteria that divide and remain attached in chainlike patterns are called __________. streptococci spirochetes staphylococci tetrads

streptococci

The motility of bacteria with flagella occurs through a series of "runs" and __________. tumbles phototaxis Chemotaxis turns

tumbles