Chapter 09

The mold that produces penicillin is an example of

Amensalism

Vectors that transmit pathogens and also serve as host for part of the pathogen's life cycle is a(n) __________ vector.

Biological

The virulence factors of bacteria include

Colonization, invasion, toxins, adhesion

The symbiotic relationship in which one of the organisms benefits and the other is not harmed or helped is referred to as __________.

Commensalism

Bacterial endotoxins are

Components of the gram-negative cell wall

The presence of microbes in or on the body is a(n)

Contamination

A disease that is generally present in a given population is

Endemic

The study of the cause of disease is called __________.

Etiology

When a pathogen spreads from the original site to other tissues or organs it is called a(n) __________ infection.

Focal

A nonliving object such as a tissue, towel, or even money that can be used to transmit a pathogen to a host is called a(n) __________.

Fomite

Infections that may result from the use of catheters are classified as

Iatrogenic infections

Which of the following is not considered to be a vehicle transmission?

Insect

The type of infection in which several infectious agents establish themselves at the same site is referred to as a(n)

Mixed infection

Which type of symbiosis benefits both members?

Mutualism

Health care-associated infections are also known as

Nosocomial infections

An organism that does not normally cause disease in a healthy individual, but that can cause disease when there is an imbalance in the normal flora, or when the host becomes immunocompromised, is called a(n) __________ pathogen.

Opportunistic

A worldwide epidemic is considered a(n) __________ disease.

Pandemic

A relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed is called

Parasitism

A microorganism capable of causing disease is called a(n) __________.

Pathogen

All of the following areas of the human body contain normal flora except

Peritoneum

Which of the following is likely to be the most frequently used portal of entry for pathogens?

Respiratory tract

A disease that breaks out only occasionally, such as typhoid fever in the United States, is referred to as a(n) __________ disease.

Sporadic

Match the description below with the correct item from this list.

The first step in infection - Adhesion The parenteral route - Surgery Normal flora - Microbiota Multiplication of pathogens in blood - Septicemia AIDS - Pandemic

A flora found in the same location as resident flora, but that remains only for a given amount of time is called a __________ flora.

Transient

Animals, usually arthropods, that carry pathogens from one host to another are called __________.

Vectors

The degree or extent of disease-evoking power that a microorganism has is referred to as

Virulence