Chapter 1-3 Sample Questions

Freud's theory challenged our trust in...

Conscious experience

What helps individuals cope with anxiety?

Defense mechanisms

The dependent variable corresponds to what a researcher thinks is the....

Effect

Of the following philosophical assumptions, which one concerns a person's ability to control his own behavior and understand the motives behind it?

Freedom versus determinism

"Let me introduce today's topic, psychoanalysis, developed by Dr. FRAUD," says the instructor. This error illustrates a ____

Freudian slip

According to Jung, knowing that a person is introverted allows us to suggest that he or she.....

Has the potential to be an extravert later in life

__________ is Jung's idea that we must bring all aspects of personality into harmony

Individuation

What is an objective personality test that is made up of over 550 self-report items to which the participant answers "true," "false," or "cannot say"?

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Compared to Freud, Jung's theory is...

Mystical

Of the following philosophical assumptions, which one concerns the extent to which a person's personality is inborn and determined by genetic factors?

Nature versus nurture

According to Freud, the superego develops during the _______________ stage.

Phallic

Jung's theory of personality differs sharply from Freud's concerning the importance of...

Spirituality and religion

What does the term libido refer to?

The energy derived from the sex drive

Jung influenced all of the following assessment techniques, but which did he actually develop?

The word-association test

________ is to feeling as intuition is to sensation

Thinking

Jung's rational functions are...

Thinking and feeling

Freud's concept of unconscious forces was largely limited to ______ experiences, whereas Jung placed a greater emphasis on ______ qualities

Unique; collective

Juan is a patient in psychoanalysis. Juan's psychoanalyst encourages him to...

Verbalize whatever comes to mind

Psychology emerged as an independent science as a result of the work of ____

Wilhelm Wundt

Compared to Freud, Jung saw libido as

a broader and more generalized form of psychic energy.

What is the correct ordering of Freud's psychosexual stages? a) oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital b) oral, phallic, genital, anal, latency c) oral, genital, anal, latency, phallic d) oral, anal, genital, phallic, latency

a) oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

When we use the term personality in everyday speech, we are usually referring to ____

an individual's public image or social role

A theory that offers practical strategies for improving human life is said to have

applied value.

A universal thought form found in the collective unconscious that predisposes a person to react to the world in certain ways is called a(n)

archetype

One limitation of the experimental method is that the subjects are _____

aware that they are being observed

Good personality theories will have all the following EXCEPT a) empirical support. b) universal applicability. c) comprehensiveness. d) precision and testability.

b) universal applicability

Which of the following is true with regard to the use of technology (for example, brain scanners and monitors of brain electrical activity) in the recent study of Freud's theories? a) Researchers have not yet used such technology to study Freud's theories, but they may begin to do so in the next few decades. b) Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology does not confirm the existence of unconscious emotional processes. c) Activity in brain regions such as the amygdala and the hippocampus supports the existence of unconscious activity, as suggested by Freud. d) Functional MRI technology has identified that the lateral prefrontal cortex is without question the sole location for all unconscious activity.

c) Activity in brain regions such as the amygdala and the hippocampus supports the existence of unconscious activity, as suggested by Freud.

All of the following are defense mechanisms except a) rationalization. b) projection. c) cathexis. d) sublimation.

c) cathexis

Life history reconstruction is Jung's term for

case studies

The Oedipus complex is to the Electra complex as ________ is to ________.

castration anxiety; penis envy

Freud's theory challenged our trust in

conscious experience

Freud's topographical model includes..

conscious, preconscious, unconscious

Because Freud's theory is based in internal biology, it is also known as a ________ theory.

drive

A psychological researcher notices that in his or her studies, people with physical characteristic A possess high levels of personality trait B. The researcher then concludes that people outside his or her studies who have physical characteristic A also have high levels of personality trait B. This application of the results to individuals outside the study sample illustrates

generalization

The goal of research and assessment is to

generate, test and refine theory.

The test-retest method of establishing test reliability is important for personality measures because ____

it helps understand if a construct is consistent

Freud's name for psychic energy manifested by the life instincts is ____

libido

The dream we remember in the morning is known as the ________ dream, whereas its underlying meaning is referred to as the ________ dream.

manifest, latent

Freud's "iceberg metaphor" illustrates that

most of personality is unconscious.

The goal of the ego is to __________________ id impulses.

postpone, delay, or redirect

Catharsis is a term that comes from a Greek word meaning to

purify

The ego functions according to the __________ principle.

reality

The MBTI is a(n)

self-report measure

The central archetype in Jung's theory, representing the striving for unity of all parts of the personality, is the

self.

According to Jung, prejudice against racial minorities involves projection of the ____

shadow

Jung's theory of personality differs sharply from Freud's concerning the importance of

spirituality and religion.

The uniformity of the conditions and procedures for administering a psychological test is known as

standardization

An experiment is a research method in which the researcher ____

systematically varies one factor to see if it has any effect on another factor

Jung understood religious symbolism in terms of?

the collective unconscious

The fact that most people all over the world enjoy looking at a rainbow best illustrates which Jungian concept?

the collective unconscious

The reliability of a test is concerned with

the consistency of the response to the test.

George is an accountant who wears a suit and tie to work every day. He hates doing so but feels that it makes him seem more acceptable in the eyes of those with whom he works. What archetype is George expressing when he wears the suit?

the persona

Brian likes to deal with facts and reality, whereas Binod looks for relationships and meaning. Jungians would describe Brian as a(n) _______ and Binod as a(n) ________

thinker, feeler

Freud's concept of unconscious forces was largely limited to ________ experiences, whereas Jung placed a greater emphasis on ________ qualities.

unique, collective

Juan is a patient in psychoanalysis. Juan's psychoanalyst encourages him to

verbalize whatever comes to mind.

We usually date the beginning of the scientific study of psychology as

1879

A set of abstract concepts used to explain a group of facts or events is called

A theory

What best describes which personality research method is best to use?

A variety of research methods are appropriate for personality research

A theory that offers practical strategies for improving human life is said to have..

Applied value

The major problem with projective tests, such as the Rorschach, is that they...

Are difficult to score objectively

According to the text, personality theorists develop, test, and apply their theories in three complementary orientations, in which they act as philosophers, scientists, and......

Artists

Correlational Research...

Cannot determine causality underlying observed relationships among variables

Life history reconstruction is Jung's term for...

Case studies

The most primitive structure of personality is the..

Id

The structure of personality that represents our basic drives and wishes is called the...

Id