Chapter 1-4 Quizzes

Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site? Transport EMB Blood Thioglycollate General purpose

Transport

Carl Woese and George Fox developed the three-domain system of taxonomy based on what molecular discovery?

Variations in the ribonucleic acid of the small ribosomal subunit of organisms.

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?

Viruses.

Spirochetes are able to move due to ________.

a periplasmic flagellum.

A saprobe differs from a parasite in that ________. a parasite synthesizes its nutrients using light energy and CO2 whereas a saprobe acquires its nutrients from living tissue a saprobe acquires its nutrients from the remains of dead animals or plants whereas a parasite acquires its nutrients from living tissue a parasite acquires its nutrients from the remains of dead animals or plants whereas a saprobe acquires its nutrients from living tissue a saprobe synthesizes its nutrients using light energy and CO2 whereas a parasite acquires its nutrients from living tissue

a saprobe acquires its nutrients from the remains of dead animals or plants whereas a parasite acquires its nutrients from living tissue.

Protists include ________. yeasts and molds algae and protozoa helminths All of the choices are correct. None of the choices are correct.

algae and protozoa.

Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a(n) _____. green plant fungus mold algae

algae.

All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that ________. lack a cell nucleus are infectious particles are too small to be seen with the unaided eye cause human disease can only be found growing in laboratories

are too small to be seen with the unaided eye.

The two functions of bacterial appendages are ________.

attachment and motility.

The site(s) for most ATP synthesis in bacterial cells is(are) the _____.

cell membrane.

If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment, the cell structure that would prevent the cells from rupturing is the ________. endospore cell wall cell membrane capsule slime layer

cell wall.

When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible network of dark fibers called the _____. chromatin Correct nucleoplasm nucleosome nucleolus nuclear envelope

chromatin.

Eukaryotic flagella differ from bacterial flagella because only eukaryotic flagella ________. are used for cell motility facilitate chemotaxis facilitate phototaxis are long, whiplike structures contain microtubules

contain microtubules.

In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes have two locations: scattered in the ________ and on the surface of the _________. cytoplasm; Golgi apparatus nucleus; Golgi apparatus cytoplasm; endoplasmic reticulum nucleus; endoplasmic reticulum

cytoplasm; endoplasmic reticulum.

The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is _____.

dark field.

The microorganisms that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter and wastes are called _____.

decomposers.

Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed _____.

fastidious.

Two major structures that allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces are _______ and _______.

fimbrae; capsules.

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _____.

fimbriae.

Chitin is a chemical component of the cell walls of _____. protozoa algae fungi bacteria All of the choices are correct.

fungi.

Lipopolysaccharide is an important cell envelope component of _____________. gram-negative bacteria gram-positive bacteria acid-fast bacteria mycoplasmas protoplasts

gram-negative bacteria.

During the Gram stain, _____ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied

gram-negative.

Lysozyme is most effective against _____. gram-negative organisms gram-positive organisms mycoplasmas cyanobacteria archaea

gram-positive organisms.

Which type of microscope achieves the greatest resolution and highest magnification?

Electron.

Which of the following species of bacteria is not closely related to the others? Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Staphylococcus saprophyticus Escherichia coli Staphylococcus capitis

Escherichia coli.

What part of a phospholipid forms hydrophobic tails?

Fatty acids.

A 23 year-old female presents at a walk-in clinic with a fever, swollen lymph nodes and yellow spots on the throat. A rapid strep test comes back positive, confirming an infection with Streptococcus pyogenes, which has a thick layer of peptidoglycan in its cell wall. In which of the following taxonomic divisions does S. pyogenes belong? Mendosicutes Tenericutes Firmicutes Gracilicutes

Firmicutes.

Which of the following statements correctly determines the process when following the scientific method? Conduct research, formulate question, propose hypothesis, test hypothesis. Formulate question, conduct research, propose hypothesis, test hypothesis. Formulate question, propose hypothesis, test hypothesis, conduct research. Propose hypothesis, test hypothesis, formulate question, conduct research.

Formulate question, conduct research, propose hypothesis, test hypothesis.

All of the following are diameters of cells that would be resolved in a microscope with a 0.2 µm limit of resolution except ________. 0.2 µm 0.2 mm 0.1 µm 0.3 µm 2.0 µm

0.1 µm

An enveloped virus measures 0.02 micrometers (μm) in diameter. What is the diameter of this virus in nanometers (nm)?

20 nm

Which of the following will result when 1% to 5% agar is added to nutrient broth, boiled, and cooled? A pure culture A mixed culture A solid medium A liquid medium

A solid medium.

You are trying to identify a chemical that consists of adenine, ribose, and three phosphates. What is this chemical?

ATP.

Which of the following is not a pyrimidine? Uracil Adenine Thymine Cytosine All of these are pyrimidines.

Adenine.

Differential media results in which of the following growth characteristics? Different color colonies Different media color post incubation Precipitates Gas bubbles All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct.

The eukaryote cell membrane is composed of _____. sterols proteins phospholipids cholesterol All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells but not in the cells of bacteria? Nucleus Incorrect Mitochondria Endoplasmic reticulum Lysosomes All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct..

Characteristics shared by all cells include a membrane serving as a cell boundary. the possession of genetic information. the presence of cellular fluid. All of these choices are correct.

All of these choices are correct.

If you were a microbiologist in 1950, which of the following scientific principles would you already know?

Aseptic techniques could reduce the number of wound infections in the surgical setting.

What three components comprise the flagellum, extending from the cytoplasm to the exterior of the cell?

Basal body, hook, filament.

A microbiologist must culture a patient's feces for intestinal pathogens. Which of the following would likely be present in selective media for analyzing this fecal specimen? NaCl Sheep red blood cells Bile salts Thioglycollic acid Peptone

Bile salts

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized by white blood cells? Slime layer Fimbriae Cell membrane Capsule All of the choices are correct.

Capsule.

Which pertains to DNA but not to RNA? Contains nucleotides Contains thymine Contains adenine Contains ribose Contains uracil

Contains thymine.

Which of the following does not pertain to endotoxin? It is a specific cell wall lipid It can stimulate fever in the human body It can cause septic shock in the human body It is involved in typhoid fever and some meningitis cases It is found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls

It is found in acid-fast bacterial cell walls.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of bacteria? Its DNA is not encased in a membrane. It has a cell wall made of peptidoglycans or other distinct chemicals. It does not have membrane-bound organelles. Its DNA is wrapped around histones. All of these are characteristics of bacteria.

Its DNA is wrapped around histones.

Which of the following is a taxon that contains all the other taxa listed? Phylum Species Kingdom Genus Family

Kingdom.

Which of the following is not true of the cytoskeleton? Structural framework for the cell Anchor points for organelles Made up of microfilaments Made up of microtubules Made up of cilia

Made up of cilia.

Which organelle contains cristae where enzymes and electron carriers for aerobic respiration are found? Mitochondria Lysosomes Golgi apparatus Chloroplasts Endoplasmic reticulum

Mitochondria.

Which of the following is not a function of the eukaryote glycocalyx? Protection Adherence Movement Reception of chemical signals All of the choices are functions.

Movement.

A client has a serious case of the flu. A random sample of sputum was taken from the patient coughing up blood. The lab tech said they had isolated a bacterium that did not have any peptidoglycan. You hypothesize that the identity of this microbe could possibly be _____. Mycoplasma pneumoniae Mycobacterium tuberculosis Borrelia burghdorferi Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pneumoniae

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A student forgot to label a beaker containing a DNA solution and a beaker containing a glucose solution. If chemical analysis was performed to identify the contents of each beaker, which of the following would be found in the beaker of DNA but not in the beaker with glucose? Fatty acids Hydrogen and oxygen atoms Amino acids Carbon atoms Nitrogen and phosphorus

Nitrogen and phosphorus.

What type of bonds are formed between adjacent amino acids?

Peptide.

Which of the following is not an inoculating tool? Petri dish Loop Needle Pipette Swab

Petri dish.

Which type of microscope shows cells against a bright background but also differentiates intracellular structures of unstained cells based on their varying densities?

Phase contrast.

Eukaryotic cell membranes contain large lipid molecules called sterols, whereas prokaryotic membranes lack sterols. One argument supporting the presence of these sterols in eukaryotes is that ________. unlike prokaryotes, many eukaryotes lack the protection of a cell wall and therefore require sterols to add some strength and rigidity to the membrane sterols are necessary membrane molecules that mediate the transport of dissolved nutrients from the cell environment to the cytosol sterols are essential catalysts for the efficient functioning of the cell membrane eukaryotic nutrients are rich in sterols, which then become embedded in the membrane

unlike prokaryotes, many eukaryotes lack the protection of a cell wall and therefore require sterols to add some strength and rigidity to the membrane.

rotists with contractile vacuoles ________. are algae use them to expel excess water from the cell typically live in salty seawater use them for motility All of the choices are correct.

use them to expel excess water from the cell.

The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is ________. hanging drop fixed stained smear Gram stain negative stain

hanging drop.

Larvae and eggs are developmental forms of _____.

helminths.

Newly inoculated cultures must be _____ at a specific temperature to encourage growth.

incubated.

The Five I's of studying microorganisms include all of the following except _____. inoculation incubation infection isolation identification

infection.

The bacterial chromosome ________. is located in the cell membrane contains all the cell's plasmids is part of the nucleoid forms a single linear strand of DNA All of the choices are correct.

is part of the nucleoid.

All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except ________. it uses electrons to produce a specimen image it is a type of compound microscope it requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein it is commonly used to diagnose certain infections it requires an ultraviolet radiation source

it uses electrons to produce a specimen image.

The enzyme _______, found in tears and saliva, can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls.

lysozyme.

During protein synthesis, _______ RNA is made as a copy of a gene from DNA.

messenger.

Protozoan endoplasm contains _____. ectoplasm mitochondria flagella oral groves None of the choices are correct.

mitochondria.

The woven, intertwining mass of hyphae that makes up the body of a mold is a _____.

mycelium.

Purines and pyrimidines are components in the building block units of all _____.

nucleic acids.

The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _____.

peritrichous.

All of the following are examples of different types of microbiological media except _____. broth enriched agar petri dish selective

petri dish.

The lipid group that is the major component of cell membranes is the

phospholipids.

When buds remain attached, they form a chain of yeast cells called _____.

pseudohyphae.

Parasitic worms have a highly developed ______ system.

reproductive.

If you looked at a _______ under the microscope, you would likely see an irregular cluster of spherical cells. palisade sarcina staphylococcus streptococcus diplococcus

staphylococcus

All of the following are lipids except _____. triglyceride wax phospholipid cholesterol starch

starch.

A chain of rod-shaped cells would be called a(an) _____. streptococcus staphylococcus staphylobacillus streptobacillus

streptobacillus.

A reducing medium contains ________. sugars that can be fermented extra oxygen hemoglobin, vitamins, or other growth factors substances that remove oxygen inhibiting agents

substances that remove oxygen.

ATP is best described as _____.

the energy molecule of cells.

The lipid group that serves as energy storage molecules is

triglycerides.

The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the _____.

trophozoite.

Which scientific field is involved in the identification, classification, and naming of organisms?

Taxonomy.

Which of the following is mismatched? Gracilicutes - gram-negative cell walls Firmicutes - gram-positive cell walls Tenericutes - waxy acid-fast cell walls Mendosicutes - archaea cell walls None of the choices are correct.

Tenericutes - waxy acid-fast cell walls.

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes? Coccus Tetrad Vibrio Rod Spirochete

Tetrad.

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus aureus into a culture medium. Following incubation, both Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are determined to be growing in this culture. What is the most likely explanation? The microbiologist used too much inoculum. The culture is contaminated. The incubation temperature was incorrect. The culture medium must be selective. The culture medium must be differential.

The culture is contaminated.

A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation? The microbiologist used too much inoculum. The culture is contaminated. The incubation temperature was incorrect. The culture medium must be selective. The culture medium must be differential.

The culture medium must be selective.

What do the Gram stain, acid-fast stain, and endospore stain have in common? They are used on a wet mount of the specimen. They use heat to force the dye into cell structures. The outcome is based on cell differences. They use a negative stain technique. They are simple stains.

The outcome is based on cell differences.

Which is not true about enzymes? They can be denaturated by heat and other agents. Their shape determines their function. They are found in all cells. They are catalysts. They have high-energy bonds between phosphates.

They have high-energy bonds between phosphates.

Which statement below supports the argument that gram-negative cells are structurally weaker than gram-positive cells? The envelope of gram-negative cells comprises a hydrophobic outer membrane. Gram-negative cells have a thinner layer of peptidoglycan in their cell wall compared to gram-positive cells. Gram-positive cells contain teichoic acids, whereas gram-negative cells lack teichoic acids in their cell wall. Gram-negative cells contain lipopolysaccharides, the lipid component of which acts as an endotoxin.

Gram-negative cells have a thinner layer of peptidoglycan in their cell wall compared to gram-positive cells.

Which of the following describes the relationship between the fungal hyphae and mycelia? Colonies of yeasts grow together to form hyphae, which then extend to form a mycelium. Hyphae are filamentous cells that grow together in an intertwined mass called a mycelium. Mycelia are filamentous cells that grow together to form hyphae. Septate hyphae aggregate to form mycelia and nonseptate hyphae form yeasts through budding.

Hyphae are filamentous cells that grow together in an intertwined mass called a mycelium.

Which of the following does not pertain to helminths? In kingdom Protista Parasitic worms Eggs and sperm used for reproduction Often alternate hosts in complex life cycles Have various organ systems

In kingdom Protista.

Larval development of helminths occurs in which host? Primary host Intermediate (secondary) host Definitive host Transport host Mating takes place in all hosts.

Intermediate (secondary) host.

Which of the following statements is true concerning the evolution of prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Studies suggest that eukaryotes evolved directly from prokaryotes Rather than eukaryotes evolving from prokaryotes, evidence suggests that both prokaryotes and eukaryotes evolved from a precursor of these called the Last Common Ancestor. Genetic evidence has shown that archaea were the precursor to prokaryotes, which in turn were the precursor to eukaryotes. Evolutionary biologists have shown that eukaryotes appeared first and led to the evolution of prokaryotic cells.

Rather than eukaryotes evolving from prokaryotes, evidence suggests that both prokaryotes and eukaryotes evolved from a precursor of these called the Last Common Ancestor.

Which scientist showed that anthrax was caused by the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis?

Robert Koch.

For which bacterial genus does mannitol salt agar differentiate between species? Salmonella Streptococcus Neisseria Staphylococcus Escherichia

Staphylococcus

Which of the following is a scientific name? Streptococcus pyogenes Streptobacilli Staphylococcus Gram-positive streptococcus Anthrax

Streptococcus pyogenes

The building blocks of an enzyme are _____.

amino acids.

The term that refers to flagella at both poles is _____.

amphitrichous.

A reducing media is used to culture fastidious organisms. aerobic organisms. anaerobic organisms. any pathogenic organisms. None of the choices are correct.

anaerobic organism.

Comparing defined vs. complex media is analogous to comparing ________. the generic version of the drug Lipitor® to the brand name produced by Pfizer Pharmaceuticals a strawberry-banana smoothie to a mixed berry smoothie Coca-cola® to Pepsi® baby formula to breast milk

baby formula to breast milk

Resolution differs from contrast in microscopy in that _________. resolution refers to the ability to distinguish two cells from one another, whereas contrast refers to the ability to distinguish a cell from its surroundings. contrast refers to the ability to distinguish two cells from one another, whereas resolution refers to the ability to distinguish a cell from its surroundings. resolution is measured by the refractive index of light whereas contrast depends on the use of oil. contrast is improved by adding oil to the specimen with the 100x objective lens and resolution is improved by adjusting the iris diaphragm control lever.

resolution refers to the ability to distinguish two cells from one another, whereas contrast refers to the ability to distinguish a cell from its surroundings.

Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called _____.

saprobes.

The group of protozoa that use pseudopodia to move are the _____. sarcodina ciliophora mastigophora apicomplexa None of the choices is correct.

sarcodina.