Chapter 1: An Overview of Nutrition

4. You take the next step in the CLAIM method and Investigate other research on the product. You can't find any research that backs the manufacturer's claims.True or False? That is probably because it is top-secret, cutting edge research not available to the public.

False

Aretha's health history indicates that she is anemic because she is excreting too much iron. What type of deficiency does this suggest? a. Primary deficiency b. Secondary deficiency c. Subclinical deficiency d. Overt deficiency

b. Secondary deficiency

7. How much does Coffee, Brewed (8 fluid ounces), weigh? a. 671 grams b. 2 grams c. 237 grams d. 118 grams

c. 237 grams

Which of the following statements regarding risk factors for disease is accurate? a. The absence of a risk factor guarantees that a person will never develop the disease. b. Having multiple risk factors is the same as having only one risk factor when determining the likelihood of getting a disease. c. Risk factors tend to dissipate throughout a lifetime. d. Risk factors tend to cluster.

d. Risk factors tend to cluster.

Assignment: Chapter 01 D&W+ Skill Building: Calories 1. Which item from the breakfast menu contains the most kcalories? a. Oatmeal, Quick, Dry (0.5 cup) b. Milk, Nonfat, Skim, or Fat-free (8 fluid ounces) c. Banana (1 item, Medium) d. Coffee, Brewed (8 fluid ounces)

a. Oatmeal, Quick, Dry (0.5 cup)

Which is the number one reason that most people choose certain foods? a. Preference b. Habit c. Social interactions d. Marketing

a. Preference

****Which information would be part of a person's historical information when completing a nutrition assessment? a. Socioeconomic status b. Anthropometric measurements c. Physical examination d. Laboratory tests

a. Socioeconomic status

Aretha's blood and urine tests at a recent checkup show that her levels of iron are low. She is surprised by the results because she doesn't have any of the symptoms associated with low iron, such as fatigue and headaches. Which type of deficiency does this suggest? a. Subclinical b. Primary c. Secondary d. Abnormal e. Functional

a. Subclinical

Which value can specify the point at which a nutrient could become toxic? a. Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) b. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) c. Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) d. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

a. Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

6. This breakfast menu contains 182.33 µg vitamin A (RAE). How many kcalories does this amount of vitamin A yield? a. 182 b. 0 c. 728 d. 1638

b. 0

4. How many kcalories from carbohydrate does the banana provide? a. 27.5 b. 107.8 c. 68.8 d. 159.1

b. 107.8

2. If Kimmy ate all of the foods in this breakfast menu, approximately how many kcalories did she eat? a. 275 b. 381 c. 153 d. 432

b. 381

7. Maria explains that she learned about the effects of coconut oil on the internet, while reading an online article about a well-known movie star who claims it helped him lower his bad cholesterol. What are these types of testimonials called? a. Controls b. Anecdotes c. Correlations d. Hypotheses e. Theories

b. Anecdotes

8. Energy density is calculated as kcalories divided by grams of food. What is the energy density of this breakfast menu? a. 1.75 kcalories per gram b. 1.03 kcalories per gram c. 0.57 kcalorie per gram d. 2.47 kcalories per gram

c. 0.57 kcalorie per gram

***A person consumes 8 grams of protein, 25 grams of carbohydrates, 6 grams of fat, and 4 grams of alcohol. What is the total energy value (in kcalories) from these stated amounts? a. 224 kilocalories b. 254 kilocalories c. 214 kilocalories d. 204 kilocalories

c. 214 kilocalories

******In a recent nutritional assessment, 10-year-old Gabby shows higher-than-average weight and height measurements than others of her age and sex. What type of assessment provided these results? a. Historical information b. Physical examination c. Anthropometric data d. Laboratory tests

c. Anthropometric data

What is the average daily amount of a nutrient that will maintain a specific biochemical or physiological function in half the healthy people of a given age and sex? a. Adequate Intake (AI) b. Upper Tolerable Intake Level (UL) c. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) d. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)

c. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

While reading a research article, you note a prediction that "it seems likely that individuals who exercise more will lose weight more easily." How would you categorize this statement? a. Conclusion b. Cohort analysis c. Hypothesis d. Experiment

c. Hypothesis

Which class of nutrients does NOT contain carbon? a. Carbohydrates b. Vitamins c. Minerals d. Lipids

c. Minerals

Which statement accurately describes a cross-sectional study? a. Carrying out laboratory experiments to examine the effects of a variable on cells. b. Comparing two groups of individuals in the same age and gender group, one with diabetes and one without. c. Observing how much and what kinds of foods a group of people eat and how healthy these people are. d. Interviewing a randomly chosen group of people about their current eating habits and physical activity over a period of time.

c. Observing how much and what kinds of foods a group of people eat and how healthy these people are.

8. Which of the following risk factors contributing to deaths in the United States does Maria seem to exhibit? a. Tobacco use b. Illicit drug use c. Poor diet/inactivity d. Sexual behavior e. Dangerous use of motor vehicles

c. Poor diet/inactivity

3. Which of these seems to be the most whole food that Maria typically eats? a. Bagel b. Frozen dinner c. Salad d. Flavored coffee e. Crackers

c. Salad

*****Which substance is found in the largest amount in both fruits and vegetables? a. Vitamins b. Carbohydrates c. Water d. Protein

c. Water

6. Compare the composition of Maria's diet with the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR). How would you characterize her intake? a. Adequate carbohydrate, adequate protein, and adequate fat b. Adequate carbohydrate, inadequate protein, and high fat c. Inadequate carbohydrate, inadequate protein, and adequate fat d. Adequate carbohydrate, adequate protein, and high fat e. Inadequate carbohydrate, inadequate protein, and high fat

d. Adequate carbohydrate, adequate protein, and high fat

3. The A in the CLAIM method stands for Analyze the research methods, which can be easier said than done. Which of the following would be a red flag indicating faulty or false research methods? a. A supplement's website doesn't provide the research that its claims are based on b. The supplement's website gives snippets of the research, but not the whole story c. The disclaimer below the ad that reads, "results are not typical." d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Nutrient recommendations _____ a. Apply to both healthy and nonhealthy individuals. b. Are standardized to apply to all members of the population. c. Should be followed strictly by all individuals. d. Are not minimum requirements and may not represent optimal intakes for all individuals.

d. Are not minimum requirements and may not represent optimal intakes for all individuals.

2. Which of Maria's food habits is most influenced by her emotions? a. Buying convenience foods b. Putting cream cheese on a bagel c. Eating a salad for lunch d. Drinking wine in the evening e. Heating a frozen meal for dinner

d. Drinking wine in the evening

3. Which item in the breakfast menu contains the most protein? a. Coffee, Brewed (8 fluid ounces) b. Oatmeal, Quick, Dry (0.5 cup) c. Banana (1 item, Medium) d. Milk, Nonfat, Skim, or Fat-free (8 fluid ounces)

d. Milk, Nonfat, Skim, or Fat-free (8 fluid ounces)

3. Dr. Barnard recommends five steps the medical community can take to address this lack of nutrition knowledge. One of the steps in the article advises that __________should be a required part of continuing medical education for physicians everywhere. a. Chemistry b. Biology c. Physiology d. Nutrition

d. Nutrition

10. All types of fat provide 9 kcalories per gram. This breakfast menu contains the least of which type of fat? a. Saturated fat b. Monounsaturated fat c. Polyunsaturated fat d. Trans fat

d. Trans fat

4. Using Table 1-2, calculate Maria's average daily kilocalorie intake from carbohydrates, protein, and fat. Adding these figures together, what is her total daily caloric intake? a. 1320 b. 1420 c. 1520 d. 1620 e. 1720

e. 1720

5. Approximately what percent of the kcalories in the breakfast menu come from fat? a. 15.15 b. 1.8 c. 7 d. 25

a. 15.15

5. What percentages of Maria's daily kcalories are provided by carbohydrates, protein, and fat? a. Carbohydrates 46.5 percent; protein 12 percent; fat 42 percent b. Carbohydrates 56.5 percent; protein 12 percent; fat 32 percent c. Carbohydrates 36.5 percent; protein 22 percent; fat 42 percent d. Carbohydrates 36.5 percent; protein 32 percent; fat 32 percent e. Carbohydrates 56.5 percent; protein 22 percent; fat 22 percent

a. Carbohydrates 46.5 percent; protein 12 percent; fat 42 percent

***1. The very first step of the process of verifying a statement about a product is represented by the C in CLAIM. What does the letter C stand for? a. Check the source b. Celebrity endorsement c. Cover all the key points d. Credential check

a. Check the source

*****Which statement accurately describes the Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) and Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA)? a. If people consumed the EAR of a given nutrient daily, half would develop a deficiency. b. The RDA is probably closer than the EAR to meeting everyone's needs. c. The EAR is set to be greater than the RDA. d. Small amounts of intake greater than the daily requirements are likely to be harmful.

a. If people consumed the EAR of a given nutrient daily, half would develop a deficiency.

Maria is a 57-year-old operating room nurse who works full-time at a local hospital. She is 65 inches tall and weighs 160 pounds. She has a family history of diabetes and heart disease, and she was recently diagnosed with high blood cholesterol. Maria has declined the cholesterol-lowering medication that her doctor prescribed, explaining that she would like to explore other methods for lowering her cholesterol first. After reading an article on the internet a few weeks ago, Maria has been taking a tablespoon of coconut oil every day in the hopes that it will lower her cholesterol. She says that she lacks time and energy for exercising. Her diet history reveals that she often skips breakfast or buys a bagel with cream cheese and flavored coffee on her way to work. While at work, she drinks at least one more cup of coffee with cream and sugar before noon. Lunch is a salad with crackers and iced tea with sugar in the hospital cafeteria. When Maria arrives home, she occasionally drinks one or two glasses of wine, especially after a stressful day. She lives alone and relies on frozen dinners and other convenience foods for dinner. An analysis of her diet reveals an average daily intake of 200 grams of carbohydrates, 50 grams of protein, and 80 grams of fat. ***1. Consider Maria's typical evening meals and the factors that may influence her food habits. Which factor is likely to have the biggest impact on her choices? a. Convenience b. Social interaction c. Ethnic heritage d. Regional cuisine e. Values

a. Convenience

Pediatricians and other primary care providers play an essential role in providing basic nutrition to their patients. Their role is especially important in lowering the rate of obesity among children and adolescents, one-third of whom are estimated to be overweight or obese. However, physicians who treat children and teens may not have sufficient nutrition knowledge to offer them appropriate advice. (Article: https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=HRCA&u=olr_health_watch&id=GALE|A593275737&v=2.1&it=r&sid=HRCA&asid=7e7b775b) TRUE OR FALSE (Q1, 2) 1. In a 2018 survey, 45 percent of internal medicine residents reported having little or no training in nutrition.

False

2. Research shows that a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, grains, and beans, can help fight heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and cancer. But just 9.3 percent of U.S. adults meet the daily vegetable intake recommendation, while only 12.2 percent of adults get enough fruit.

True

2. True or False? The letter L in the CLAIM method stands for Look for bias in funding.

True

9. In addition to the fluids you drink, foods you eat also provide water. How many liters of water are in this breakfast menu? (Hint: 1 gram = 1 milliliter of water, and there are 1000 milliliters in 1 liter.) a. 0.575 b. 5.8 c. 0.058 d. 8.5

a. 0.575