Chapter 1: Database Systems

What is centralized database?

Centralized database is a database located at a single site.

What is discipline-specific database?

Discipline-specific database is a database that contains data focused on specific subject areas.

What is structural independence?

Structural independence is a data characteristic in which changes in the database schema do not affect data access.

What is ad hoc query?

Ad hoc query is a "spur-of-the-moment" question.

What is analytical database?

Analytical database is a database focused primariliy on storing historical data and business metrics used for tactical or strategic decision making.

What is business intelligence?

Business intelligence is a set of tools and processes used to capture, collect, integrate, store, and analyze data to support business decision making.

What is cloud database?

Cloud database is a database that is created and maintained using cloud services, such as Microsoft Azure or Amazon AWS.

What is database management system (DBMS)?

DBMS or database management system is the collection of programs that manages the database structure and controls access to the data stored in the database.

What is data processing (DP) specialist?

DP or data processing specialist is the person responsible for developing and managing a computerized file processing system.

What is data anomaly?

Data anomaly is a data abnormality in which inconsistent changes have been made to a database. For wxample, but the address change is not corrected in all files in the database.

What is data dependence?

Data dependence is a data condition in which data representation and manipulation are dependent on the physical data storage characteristics.

What is data dictionary?

Data dictionary is a DBMS component that stores metadata--data about data. The data dictionary contains data definitions as well as data characteristics and relationships. May also include data that is external to the DBMS.

What is data inconsistency?

Data inconsistency is a condition in which different versions of the same data yield different (inconsistent) results.

What is data independence?

Data independence is a condition in which data access is unaffected by changes in the physical data storage characteristics.

What is data integrity?

Data integrity is a condition in which the data in the database complies with all entity and referential integrity constranints in a relational database.

What is data?

Data is raw facts, or facts that have not yet been processed to reveal their meaning to the end users.

What is data management?

Data management is a process that focuses on data collection, storage, and retrieval. Common data management functions include addition, deletion, modification, and listing.

What is data quality?

Data quality is a comprehensive approach to ensuring the accuracy, validity, and timeliness of data.

What is data redundancy?

Data redundancy is a condition in which the data in the database complies with all entity and referential integrity constraints in a relational database.

What is data warehouse?

Data warehouse is a specialized database that stores historical and aggregated data in a format optimized for decision support.

What is database design?

Database design is the process that yields the description of the database structure and determines the database components. The second phase of the Database Life Cycle.

What is database?

Database is a shared integrated computer structure that houses a collection of related data. A databases contains two types of data: end-user data (raw facts) and metadata.

What is database system?

Database system is an organization of components that defines and regulates the collection, storage, management, and use of data in a database enviroment.

What is desktop database?

Desktop database is a single-user database the runs on a personal computer.

What is distributed database?

Distributed database is a logically related database that is stored in two or more physically independent sites.

What is enterprise database?

Enterprise database is the overall company data representation, which provides support for present and expected future needs.

What is general-purpose database?

General-purpose database is a database that contains a wide variety of data used in multiple disciplines.

What is information?

Information is the result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning. Information consists of transformed data and facilities decision making.

What is islands of information?

Island of information is an old file system enviroment, pools of independent, often duplicated, and inconsistent data created and managed by different departments.

What is knowledge?

Knowledge is the body of information and facts about a specific subject. Knowlege implies familarity, awareness, and understanding of information as it applies to an enviroment. A key characteristic is that new knowledge can be derived from old knowledge.

What is logical data format?

Logical data format is the way a person views data within the context of a problem domain.

What is metadata?

Metadata is data about data, that is, data about data characteristics and relationships....see also data dictionary.

What is multiuser database?

Multiuser database is a database that supports multiple concurrent users.

What is NoSQL?

NoSQL is a new generation of database management systems that is not based on the traditional relational database model.

What is online analytical processing (OLAP)?

OLAP or online analytical processing is a set of tools that provide advanced data analysis for retrieving, processing, and modeling data from the data warehouse.

What is online transaction processing (OLTP) database?

OLTP or online transaction processing database is a database designed primarily to support a company's day-to-day operations...Also known as a transactional database, operational database, or production database.

What is operational database?

Operational database is a database designed primarily to support a company's day-to-day operations... Also known as a transactional database, OLTP database, or production database

What is performance tuning?

Performance tuning are activities that make a database perform more efficiently in terms of storage and access speed.

What is physical data format?

Physical data format is the way a computer "sees" (stores) data.

What is production database?

Production database is a database designed primarily to support a company's day-to-day operations...Also known as transactional database, OLTP database, or operational database.

What is query?

Query is a question or task asked by an end- user of a database in the form of SQL code. A specific request for data manipulation issued by the end user or the appliction to the DBMS.

What is query language?

Query language is a nonprocedural language that is used by a DBMS to manipulate its data. An example of a query language is SQL.

What is query result set?

Query result set is the collection of data rows returned by a query.

What is structured query language (SQL)?

SQL or structured query language is a powerful and flexible relational database language composed of commands that enable users to create database and table structures, perform various types of data manipulation, and query the database to extract useful information.

What is semistructured data?

Semistructured data is data that has already been processed to some extent.

What is single-user database?

Single-user database is a database that supports only one user at a time.

What is social media?

Social media is web and mobile technologies that enable "anywhere, anytime, always on" human interactions.

What is structural dependence?

Structural dependence is a data characteristic in which a change in the database schema affects data access, thus requiring changes in all access programs.

What is structured data?

Structured data is data that has been formatted to facilitate storage, use, and information generation.

What is transactional database?

Transactional databse is a database designed primarily to support a company's day-to-day operations...Also known as a operational database, OLTP database, or production database.

What is unstructured data?

Unstructured data is data that exists in its original raw state, that is, in the format in which it was collected.

What is workgroup database?

Workgroup database is a multiuser database that usually supports fewer than 50 users or is used for a specific department in an organization.

What is XML database?

XML database is a database system that stores and manages semistructured XML data.

What is extensible markup language (XML)?

XML or extensible markup language is a metalanguage used to represent and manipulate data elements. Unlike other markup languages, XML permits the manipulation of a document's data elements.