Chapter 1 HEA 191

Young adults (ages 15-24) are most likely to die from: A. heart disease B. cancer C. accidents D. homicide

C. accidents

Jason has three projects due next week. He is frustrated because everything is due at the same time and he doesn't believe it's possible to get all three projects finished. His solution is to forget about the projects and meet up with friends for a night out. Jason has: A. self-confidence B. self-efficacy C. an internal locus of control D. an external locus of control

D. an external locus of control

Paul studies mortality rates in infants of various ethnicities. He studies their: A. illness rates B. accident rates C. chronic disease rates D. death rates

D. death rates

The change model based on three factors (social environment, thoughts and feelings, and behaviors) in interaction with each other is known as the: A. behavior modification model B. transtheoretical model C. health belief model D. social cognitive model

D. social cognitive model

Mrs. H. wants her fifth-grade students to read more. She has a reading graph displayed in the classroom with a blank far for each student. When a student reads for at least 3 hours in one week, he or she gets to color in one box on their bar. The students enjoy competing for the lead position and being praised by Mrs. H. for their improvements. This is an example of a(n): A. activity reinforcer B. manipulative reinforcer C. possessional reinforcer D. social reinforcer

D. social reinforcer

One of the most important goals of Healthy People 2020 is to: A. reduce health care costs for all Americans B. eliminate health disparities and improve the health of all population groups C. increase funding for research on certain diseases such as cancer and diabetes D. increase the number of public health departments in every state

B. eliminate health disparities and improve the health of all population groups

Judy strives to stay healthy. When she notices herself engaging in an unhealthy behavior, she makes a plan and takes action to get back on track. No challenge is too tough for her to take on. Judy: A. has self-control B. exhibits self-efficacy C. is in a state of readiness to change D. relies on social support

B. exhibits self-efficacy

Which strategy is used by many athletes to visualize the attainment of goals? A. coaching B. imaged rehearsal C. athletic imagery D. vicarious performance

B. imaged rehearsal

The ability to think clearly, analyze information, and use one's mental capacity to meet life's challenges is known as: A. social health B. intellectual health C. physical health D. emotional health

B. intellectual health

Which of the following factors plays a significant role in health disparities? A. procrastination B. laziness C. economic status D. poor choices

C. economic status

Which type of costs are related to higher insurance premiums and increased disability payments due to obesity-related health conditions? A. indirect medical costs B. direct medical costs C. Medicare costs D. Medicaid costs

A. indirect medical costs

The expected number of years of life remaining at a given age, such as at birth, is known as : A. life expectancy B. population control C. mortality D. morbidity

A. life expectancy

An example of an enabling factor is: A. living near a hiking trail to encourage walking B. nagging your parents to stop smoking C. gaining weight after you stop smoking D. having friends who say they hate to exercise

A. living near a hiking trail to encourage walking

The model of health that is concerned with curing disease affecting a particular tissue or organ is the: A. medical model B. surgical model C. public health model D. holistic model

A. medical model

The dimension of physical health encompasses the ability to: A. perform activities of daily living B. reason objectively C. analyze information D. protect yourself from hazards in your environment

A. perform activities of daily living

Brenda is going on a ski trip over spring break and has 12 weeks to get in shape. She purchased an elliptical trainer and started working out on it for 10 minutes each day. Each week, she will increase her workout by 10 minutes until she can exercise for one hour. If she finds that is too rigorous, she will only add 5 minutes to her workout each week. Which of the following behavior-change techniques is Brenda using to get in shape for her trip? A. shaping B. visualization C. modeling D. self-talk

A. shaping

Jill has many friends, is respected by her coworkers, and maintains a great relationship with her boyfriend. Her ability to interact with others is an example of which dimension of health? A. social B. intellectual C. emotional D. physical

A. social

People with an internal locus of control believe that events turn out as they do based on: A. environmental factors B. previous disappointments C. their own actions D. fate and luck

B. previous disappointments

Jim was successful at meeting his exercise goal and rewarded himself by taking a three-day vacation at a golf resort. This is an example of a: A. negative behavior B. reinforcing behavior C. manipulative behavior D. covert behavior

B. reinforcing behavior

The thought, "I don't have enough time!" is an example of: A. shaping B. self-talk C. punishment D. enabling

B. self-talk

Changing your seat in class to one closer to the front to help change your habit of napping during the lecture is an example of: A. an activity reinforcer B. situational inducement C. negative reinforcement D. social reinforcement

B. situational inducement

Which of the following were cited by college students in a national survey as major impediments to performing well academically? A. substance abuse B. stress, anxiety, and sleep difficulties C. repeated strep infections D. carrying a too-heavy course load

B. stress, anxiety, and sleep difficulties

Life expectancy in the early 1900s was largely determined by a person's: A. hygiene habits B. susceptibility to infectious disease C. occupation and location D. family history

B. susceptibility to infectious disease

The positive aspects of a person's life, such being satisfied with life in general and having positive emotions, determines one's sense of: A. progress B. well-being C. change D. health

B. well-being

Effective health promotion programs: A. focus on improving selected negative behaviors B. have the most measurable results when implemented in schools C. focus on encouraging behaviors known to support good health D. don't attempt to change individual attitudes about health

C. focus on encouraging behaviors known to support good health

Spiritual health can best be described as: A. holding to religious beliefs learned in childhood B. not as important as other factors to overall wellness C. having a sense of meaning and purpose in one's life D. establishing and maintaining fulfilling relationships

C. having a sense of meaning and purpose in one's life

Overall, the leading cause of death for Americans is: A. accidents B. cancer C. heart disease D. respiratory disease

C. heart disease

Health promotion: A. involves social justice efforts aimed at achieving health care for all Americans B. refers to fundraising for health-related organizations C. includes policies, programs, and financial support for initiatives that promote health D focuses on curing the most prevalent diseases

C. includes policies, programs, and financial support for initiatives that promote health

Determinants of health are a range of critical factors in a person's life that: A. predispose him or her to a particular set of diseases B. are related to genetics C. influence health status D. influence his or her response to medical treatment

C. influence health status

Beth works part-time as a waitress and receives no health insurance benefits from her employer. She purchased insurance under the Affordable Care Act, but the policy has a $5,000 annual deductible. Beth: A. is uninsured B. is over insured C. is likely to delay care that she needs D. has equitable access to health services

C. is likely to delay care that she needs

Eve is always upset about something, and it seems that she is never really happy. Her mental outlook is likely to adversely affect: A. mainly her social health B. mainly her emotional health C. mainly her physical health D. all six dimensions of her health

D. all six dimensions of her health

Observing a friend's successful attempt to quit smoking and trying some of the same tactics to quit smoking yourself is an example of: A. conforming B. shaping C. envy D. modeling

D. modeling

An appraisal of the relationship between an object, action, or idea and some attribute related to it is a(n): A. belief B. attitude C. motivation D. analysis

A. belief

Emotional health can best be described as being able to: A. feel and express emotions appropriately B. think clearly, without emotional influence C. maintain satisfying interpersonal relationships D. adapt to various social situations

A. feel and express emotions appropriately

All of the following causes of death are linked to modifiable lifestyle behaviors EXCEPT: A. genetic diseases B. heart disease C. diabetes D. cancer

A. genetic diseases

According to the transtheoretical model, a person in the precontemplation stage: A. has no current intention to change or believes there is no need to change B. is aware of the problem and is making preparations for change C. is aware of the problem but is greatly afraid of change D. is aware of the problem and is already taking action to implement change

A. has no current intention to change or believes there is no need to change

Which health model views treating disease through medications and surgery as the surest way to improve health? A. environmental model B. public health model C. social model D. medical model

D. medical model

Mrs. J. is trying to get her third-grade students to remember to have their homework signed by a parent before bringing it to class. Students who remember every day for a month receive a gift card from a local bookstore. This is an example of a(n): A. consumable reinforcer B. activity reinforcer C. manipulative reinforcer D. possessional reinforcer

D. possessional reinforcer

Family health background and the behaviors of family members are examples of: A. enabling factors B. reinforcing factors C. motivational factors D. predisposing factors

D. predisposing factors

Major public health achievements of the twentieth century include: A. mental health counseling B. pharmaceutical products C. lower birth rates D. workplace safety

D. workplace safety

Healthy People 2020 is a plan designed to: A. improve health-related quality of life and years of life for all Americans B. update FDA regulations on the manufacture and sale of drugs in the United States C. extend health insurance coverage to millions more Americans D. increase payments to doctors who serve Medicaid and Medicare patients

A. improve health-related quality of life and years of life for all Americans

Not allowing yourself to think about stage fright and focusing only on the content of your speech when preparing for a presentation is an example of: A. positive reinforcement B. blocking and stopping C. self talk D. self-rewarding

B. blocking and stopping

A disease that begins slowly, progresses over a period of time, and that may resist treatment is a(n): A. acute disease B. chronic disease C. behavioral disease D. hereditary disease

B. chronic disease

Health and wellness are best described as: A. static B. dynamic C. determined by genes D. determined by the environment

B. dynamic

The six dimensions of health: A. affect health independently of each other B. interact continuously C. seldom influence one another D. affect either the mind or the body

B. interact continuously

Lower health insurance rates for nonsmokers is an example of a(n): A. possessional reinforcer B. manipulative reinforcer C. social reinforcer D. activity reinforcer

B. manipulative reinforcer

Manuela joined a group exercise class. Her instructor, who was formerly inactive and overweight, participates with the class and also shares personal fitness strategies. In class, Manuela tries to emulate her instructor's moves, and she has also become more physically active as part of her daily routine. Which technique is Manuela using to reach her goal of becoming more fit? A. shaping B. modeling C. visualization D. reinforcement

B. modeling

A sedentary lifestyle, overuse of caffeine, and risky sexual practices are examples of: A. voluntary determinants of health B. modifiable determinants of health C. involuntary determinants of health D. nonmodifiable determinants of health

B. modifiable determinants of health

An adolescent smoker might think lung cancer happens only to old people. This is an example of which factor of the health belief model? A. perceived seriousness B. perceived susceptibility C. perceived benefits D. perceived barriers

B. perceived susceptibility

Taking positive action now to avoid becoming sick later is known as: A. intervention B. prevention C. screening D. treatment

B. prevention

Jane is sedentary and obese. What effect, if any, do these factors have on her health? A. They affect her physical health only B. They affect her physical and emotional health only C. They impede her progress toward high-level wellness D. They affect her health only if she has a family history of heath problems related to obesity

C. They impede her progress toward high-level wellness

Missy is motivated to lose weight. She has begun taking a 30-minute walk every morning, has worked with a nutrition counselor to design a new diet, and on Monday will begin following new eating plan. According to the transtheoretical model of behavior change, Missy is in a stage of: A. precontemplation B. contemplation C. action D. maintenance

C. action

Going out for dinner at your favorite restaurant as a reward for finishing a big project is an example of a(n): A. activity reinforcer B. manipulative reinforcer C. consumable reinforcer D. social reinforcer

C. consumable reinforcer

The science that views negative health events as resulting from individuals' interactions with their physical or social environment is: A. medicine B. immunology C. public health D. disease prevention

C. public health

When applying the strategy of shaping to behavior change, one should: A. set very demanding goals for oneself B. only reward oneself when reaching the main goal C. use small achievable steps to reach goals D. expect this strategy to provide immediate success

C. use small achievable steps to reach goals

Which of the following contributed to increased life expectancy in the early twentieth century? A. advances in genetic testing B. advances in heart and brain surgery C. vaccinations and antibiotics D. more doctors in metropolitan areas

C. vaccinations and antibiotics

To successfully change a behavior, a person must recognize that change is a(n): A. stressful situation B. chance to wipe out past mistakes C. isolated event D process that occurs in stages

D process that occurs in stages

The contemporary definition of wellness is: A. The ability to move about freely without pain B. The absence of ongoing symptoms or chronic disease C. Living longer than ones parents D. The achievement of the highest level of health possible in each of several dimensions

D. The achievement of the highest level of health possible in each of several dimensions

Katherine is an energetic, confident student who is not afraid to stand up in front of the class and read her essay aloud. She trusts that even if others don't agree with her point of view, they will still value her as a person and a friend. These traits best demonstrate Katherine's positive: A. social health B. intellectual health C. physical health D. emotional health

D. emotional health

Rafael is committed to his study of ecology and the effects of climate change. Additionally, he tries to show respect for all living things. Which of the following statements best describes Rafael? A. he demonstrates intellectual health B. he demonstrates social health C. he demonstrates emotional health D. he demonstrates spiritual health

D. he demonstrates spiritual health