Chapter 1 HW

Scientific law

A scientific law is a brief statement that summarizes previous observations and can be used to predict the results of future related experiments. The scientific law does NOT explain why the observations occur.

What is wrong with the statement "it is just a theory"?

A scientific theory is the best current explanation of a phenomenon that has been validated by years' worth of experiments.

How is chemistry connected to everyday life? (Choose all that apply.) A) Knowing some chemistry can help you make day to day decisions that affect your life. B) Knowing some chemistry can help you breath C) Everything is made of chemicals D) Many of the changes you observe in the world around you are caused by chemical reactions

A) Knowing some chemistry can help you make day to day decisions that affect your life. C) Everything is made of chemicals D) Many of the changes you observe in the world around you are caused by chemical reactions.

An example of a theory is modern atomic theory, which states that all matter is composed of small particles called atoms. Based on what you know about scientific theories in general, classify the following statements regarding modern atomic theory as true or false. A) It is currently accepted as the most plausible explanation for the law of conservation of mass. B) It proves the existence of atoms. C) It is mere speculation. D) It is supported by data. E) It is subject to experimentation and revision. F) It is the only plausible explanation for the law of conservation of mass.

A) True B) False C) False D) True E) True F) False Atomic theory provides an explanation of observations and laws, such as the law of conservation of mass.

An example of a scientific law is the law of conservation of mass, which states that matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. Based on what you know about scientific laws in general, classify the following statements regarding the law of conservation of mass as true or false. A) It was developed from past observations B) It is subject to experimentation and revision. C) It explains why mass is conserved. D) It predicts future observations.

A) True B) True C) False D) True The law of conservation of mass describes and generalizes the observation that a sample of matter will not change in mass, even if it undergoes a chemical reaction. However, the law does not explain why this phenomenon occurs.

How is chemistry relevant outside the chemistry laboratory? A) chemistry is not confined to a laboratory B) chemistry is important only in chemistry laboratory

A) chemistry is not confined to a laboratory

What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory? A) Before a scientific theory is well established, it is referred to as a hypothesis. B) Before a hypothesis is well established, it is referred to as a scientific theory. C) A scientific theory and a hypothesis are the same.

Before a scientific theory is well established, it is referred to as a hypothesis.

The bubbles that you feel on your tongue when you drink soda pop are due to what chemical substance?

Carbon dioxide

Soda contains _________ molecules that are forced into a mixture with water molecules because of the _________ pressure. Opening the can of soda will release the pressure, which allows the _________ to escape from the mixture and form bubbles

Carbon dioxide Increased Carbon dioxide

What are chemicals? A) Chemicals are inorganic substances. B) Chemicals are poisons (e. g. insecticides). C) Chemicals are what make up everything around us, including ourselves. D) Chemicals are the substances which are used in agriculture.

Chemicals are what make up everything around us, including ourselves.

An example of the scientific method being used from this chapter is the discovery of what happens during ________, which required proving phlogiston theory as ________

Combustion reactions Incorrect

Scientific Method: rank from first to last

First: Design an experiment Collect Data Analyze Data Confirm or revise hypothesis Last:

Atomic Theory

Formulated by John Dalton that all matter is composed of small, indestructible particles called atoms

Theory

Scientific theory explains why observations occur.

Why does soda fizz?

Soda contains carbon dioxide molecules that are forced into a mixture with water molecules because of the increased pressure. Opening the can of soda will release the pressure, which allows the carbon dioxide, to escape from the mixture and form bubbles.

Give some examples of pure chemical substances. A) Sugar, carbon dioxide and water. B) Bronze and brass. C) Gasoline. D) Soda water and brass

Sugar, carbon dioxide and water.

Chemistry is the science that tries to understand ______. A) living organisms B) the interactions between matter and energy C) how atoms and molecules behave D) the relationship between the mind and behavior

how atoms and molecules behave

A body in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by a force. A) law B) theory C) observation

law

A stone dropped from an altitude of 450 m falls to the ground in 9.6 s. A) law B) theory C) observation

observation

The star closest to Earth is moving away from Earth at high speed. A) law B) theory C) observation

observation

The universe began as a cosmic explosion called the Big Bang. A) law B) theory C) observation

theory