Chapter 1: Introduction to Chemistry

Round to the nearest hundred dollars: $5,918

$5,900

Round to the nearest hundred: 956

1000

Round to the nearest thousand: 13,513.323

14,000

You are figuring the gas mileage on your parents' car. They filed up the tank with 18.376 gallons of fuel. What figure would be the most efficient to use in your calculations?

18.4

Why would a student who wants to be a doctor need to study chemistry?

A doctor needs to understand chemical processes that take place in the body as well as factors that can affect these processes.

Why might a geologist ask an analytical chemist to help identify the minerals in a rock?

An analytical chemist studies the composition of matter, and therefore can identify the minerals.

Why does chemistry affect all aspects of life and most natural events?

Chemistry is the study of matter and all things are made of matter.

How has modern research in chemistry impacted society?

Possible answers: chemists have made drugs that can treat many medical conditions

What is the relationship between pure and applied chemistry?

Pure chemistry is not conducted to develop a specific application, as is the case for applied chemistry.

What is a scientific law?

a concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments

Which area of study would this profession fall under: Determining the amount of mercury present in a soil sample.

analytical chemistry

What are the three steps for a numeric problem?

analyze, calculate, evaluate

Which area of study would this profession fall under: Developing a better insulin-delivery system for diabetics.

biochemistry

Workers digging a tunnel through a city find some ancient pots decorated with geometric designs. Which of the following tasks might they ask a chemist to do? A. determine the materials used to make the pots. B. Explain what the designs on the pots represent. C. Recommend how to store the pots to prevent further damage.

both a and c

What are the central themes of chemistry?

chemistry as the central science electrons and the structure of atoms bonding and interactions reactions kinetic theory the mole and quantifying of matter matter and energy carbon chemistry

Why is chemistry important?

chemistry is the central science, it is used in everyday life

In order to calculate an answer, what two things might you have to do.

convert units, rearrange an equation

List two ways that chemists can help to meet the demand for energy.

develop new sources for energy develop ways to conserve energy

Testing a proposed explanation requires designing an _________________.

experiment

Name three reasons you should study chemistry.

explain the natural world for future careers to stay informed

What are three reasons for studying chemistry?

explaining the natural world preparing for a career being an informed citizen

True or false: Once a theory has been accepted, no experiment will ever disprove it.

false

What contribution to science did Lavoisier make?

he changed it from a science of observation to a science of measurement.

A ____________ is formed when an explanation is proposed for an observation.

hypothesis

Which area of study would this profession fall under: Comparing the hardness of copper and silver.

inorganic chemistry

What is the scientific method?

it is a logical, systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem.

A scientific problem is often discovered when an ____________is made, which leads to a question.

observation

Which area of study would this profession fall under: Developing a new carbon-based fiber for clothing.

organic chemistry

Name the five traditional areas of chemistry and use them to describe the connection between chemistry and future careers.

organic chemistry analytical chemistry biochemistry physical chemistry inorganic chemistry Different areas of chemistry tend to relate to different careers, even non-scientific careers.

Which area of study would this profession fall under: Investigating ways to slow down the rusting of steel.

physical chemistry

For the results of the experiment to be accepted, the experiment must produce the same results ________________.

repeatedly

The variable that is observed during an experiment.

the dependent (or responding) variable

The variable that is changed during an experiment.

the independent (or manipulated) variable

An explanation may become a ________________ if the same results are found after many tests.

theory

While alchemists didn't accomplish their quest, what useful thing did they accomplish?

they developed tools and techniques for working with chemicals

True or false: Experts in an author's field review articles before they are published in a journal.

true

True or false: Scientists from different disciplines may need to work together on a problem because the problem is too complex for one person to solve.

true

Alchemists were attempting to do what?

turn metals into gold

What is the first thing in a word problem that you should determine?

what do you know, what do you not know

What is a problem that might develop as a result of technology?

you must try to conserve natural resources and not produce harmful products and bi-products.