Chapter 1 Introduction to Information Systems
Dashboards
A BI application that provides rapid access to timely information and direct access to management reports
Data items
An elementary description of things, events, activities, and transactions that are recorded, classified, and stored but are not organized to convey any specific meaning
Expert systems
Attempt to duplicate the work of human experts by applying reasoning capabilities, knowledge, and expertise within a specific domain
Information
Data that have been organized so that they have meaning and value to the recipient
Functional area information systems
Systems that provide information to managers (usually midlevel) in the functional areas, in order to support managerial tasks of planning, organizing and controlling operations
Supply chain
The coordinated movement of resources from organization through conversion to the end consumer
Ergonomics
The science of adapting machines and work environments to people; focuses on creating an environment that is safe, well lit, and comfortable
Procedures
The set if instructions for combining hardware, software, database, and network components in order to process information and generate the desired output
Information technology services
IT personnel use IT components to perform these IT services: develop info systems, oversee security and risk, and manage data
Interorganizational information systems
Information systems that connect two or more organizations
Enterprise resource planning system
Information systems that correct a lack of communication among the functional areas ISs by tightly integrating the functional area ISs via a common database
Computer-based information system
An information system that uses computer technology to perform some or all of its intended tasks
Knowledge
Data and/or information that have been organized and processed to convey understanding, experience, accumulated learning, and expertise as they apply to a current problem
Information technology platform
Formed by the IT components of hardware, software, networks, and databases
Information technology components
Hardware, software, databases, and networks
Information technology infrastructure
IT components plus IT services
Electronic commerce systems
A type of interorganizational information system that enables organizations to conduct transactions, called business-to-business electronic commerce, and customers to conduct transactions with businesses, called business-to-consumer electronic commerce.`
Database
A collection of related files or tables containing data
Application
A computer program designed to support a specific task or business process
Network
A connecting system (wireline or wireless) that permits different computers to share resources
Informed user
A person knowledgeable about information systems and information technology
Hardware
A processor, monitor, keyboard, or printer. Together they accept, process, and display data and information
Software
A set of computer programs that enable the hardware to process data
Knowledge workers
Professional employees such as financial and marketing analysts, engineers, lawyers, and accountants, who are experts in a particular subject area and create information and knowledge, which they integrate into the business.
Business intelligence systems
Provide computer-based support for complex, nonroutine decisions, primarily for middle managers and knowledge workers
Transaction processing system
Supports monitoring, collection storage, and processing of data from the organization's basic business transactions, each of which generates data
