Chapter 1 Kahoots and AP Classroom Practice

The American with Disabilities Act, which provides for the disabled, is an example of a federal mandate dual federalism state supremacy horizontal federalism

A federal mandate

What is NOT a trait of a liberal democracy?

Achieving income equality

The process outlined is in which of the following parts of the United States Constitution? Proposal: - a national constitutional convention called by congress upon receipt of petitions from two-thirds of the state legislatures - a two-thirds vote in both house of congress Ratification: - legislatures in three fourths of the states - special ratifying conventions in 3/4 of the states

Article VI

The next most palpable defect of the subsisting Confederation, is the total want of a SANCTION to its laws. The United States, as now composed, have no powers to exact obedience, or punish disobedience to their resolutions, either by pecuniary [fines], by a suspension or divestiture of privileges, or by any other constitutional mode. There is no express delegation of authority to them to use force against delinquent members; and if such a right should be ascribed to the federal head, as resulting from the nature of the social compact between the States, it must be by inference and construction... There is, doubtless, a striking absurdity in supposing that a right of this kind does not exist. . . -Alexander Hamilton, The Federalist 21 Based on The Federalist 21, which of the following arguments about government would Hamilton likely agree with?

As a practical matter, the laws of the national government ought to have supremacy over state laws.

Which forms of financial aid from the national government gives the states broad discretion when spending the money? block grants unfunded mandates categorical grants-in-aid revenue sharing

Block Grants

Which form of financial aid from the national government gives the states the broadest discretion in the spending of money?

Block grants

In The Federalist 10, James Madison argued that the new constitution would help control faction by doing which of the following?

By creating a large republic, the new constitution made it less likely that a faction could gain enough power to completely dominate.

Which amendment gives the states what are known as "reserved" powers? 10th Amendment 20th Amendment 15th Amendment 5th Amendment

10th amendment

Which amendment limits the right to sue a state by an individual? 12th Amendment 10th Amendment 9th Amendment 11th Amendment

11th Amendment

What is a direct outcome of the Three-Fifths Compromise?

the number of representatives in the H.O.R. from slave states increased

What is the best example of a constitutional concept that supports the vision of the United States as a union of states, rather than a union of individual citizens?

Electoral College

Which of the following characterizes the main difference between elite and pluralist theories of politics in the U.S.? a. Elite=social status equals political power;Pluralist=limited access points b. Elite theory = role of interest group; Pluralist = role of individual c. Elitist = govt. as inefficient; Pluralist = govt. is slow and wasteful d. Elite = single minority dominates; Pluralist = many minority groups compete

Elite = single minority dominates; Pluralist = many minority groups compete

What accurately characterizes the main difference between elite theories and pluralist theories of politics in the United States?

Elite theories argue that a single minority dominates politics in all policy areas; pluralist theories argue that many minorities compete for power in different policy areas.

What clause means a state returns a fugitive back to the state where crime was committed if requested by the governor?

Extradition Clause

What constitutional principle best explains why there is variation among states on the use of capital punishment?

Federalism

_________________________ is the division of power between the national government and state government.

Federalism

What clause says that all states must recognize the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of other states?

Full faith and Credit

Which of the following is an accurate description of the decision in United States v. Lopez 1995? a.GFSZA was upheld because interstate commerce is implied in commerce clause b.GFSZA was upheld constitutionallybecause regulating arms is enumerated c. GFSZA was struck down because it exceeded state's power to regulate guns d. GFSZA was struck down because exceeded Congress' power in commerce clause

GFSZA was struck down because exceeded Congress' power in commerce clause

What ideal of democracy is reflected in the procedure for apportionment in the House of Representatives?

Government is based on the consent of the governed.

Under the Articles of Confederation, which of the following were true? I. Congress could not tax the states directly. II. The executive branch of government exercised more power than Congress. III. Congress was a unicameral body. IV. States were represented in Congress proportionally according to population.

I and lll

What article discusses the relations among the states? Article VI Article IV Article II Article VIII

IV

According to James Madison, what best controls the effects of faction?

Large Republic

What pair of Supreme Court cases best illustrates how views of federalism have shifted in the United States?

McColloch v. Maryland and United States v. Lopez

The two important constitutional principles were solidified in what landmark Supreme Court case?

McCulloch V. Maryland

Because of the Supreme Courts decision in McCulloch v. Maryland, what two constitutional principles were solidified? National Supremacy and "Elastic Clause" Judicial Review and Limited Government National Supremacy and Judicial Review Limited Government and "Elastic Clause"

National Supremacy and "Elastic Clause"

In the __________________, a state may not discriminate and refuse certain services against a citizen from another state privileges and immunities clause full faith and credit clause extradition clause interstate compact clause

Privileges and immunities clause

The framers of the Constitution intended to establish

Representative Republic

Which level of government is tasked with conducting and paying for all elections?

State

The clause in the United States Constitution that states that federal law will prevail in the event of a conflict between federal and state law is known as the

Supremacy Clause

Which of the following features of the United States Constitution would most concern the author of Brutus 1? a. Supremacy clause, which gives the federal government supremacy over states b. The Bill of Rights, which protects individual liberties and states' rights c. Reservation of any power not given to the federal government to the state d. The two-year term for members of the House of Representatives

Supremacy clause, which gives the federal government supremacy over states

What is an accurate description of the decision in United States v. Lopez (1995) ?

The Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 was struck down as unconstitutional because it exceeded the commerce clause.

What is true under the system of checks and balances?

The Senate must ratify treaties negotiated by the President before they become law.

What is an accurate description of the decision in McCullochv. Maryland (1819) ?

The federal government had the authority to establish a national bank, and Maryland's tax was unconstitutional.

Which of the following is commonly identified as a failure of the Articles of Confederation? a. The executive branch was granted too much power over the legislature. b. Judicial branch was elected and did not consistently adhere to rule of law. c. The national government lacked an effective power to raise revenue. d. The federal government had too much control over interstate commerce.

The national government lacked an effective power to raise revenue.

What was a direct outcome of the Three-Fifths Compromise?

The number of representatives in the House of Representatives from slaveholding states increased.

What is an example of how separation of powers creates friction between the executive and legislative branches in the policy-making process?

The president threatens to issue an executive order for stricter gun control if Congress continues to refuse to take action.

Which of the following is an example of checks and balances? a. treaty negotiated by president must be approved by a majority of the House b. Unpopular Supreme Court ruling can be overturned by Congress c. a rule issued by the bureaucracy can be declared unconstitutional d. a filibuster in the Senate can be eneded with a cloture petition of 60

a rule issued by the bureaucracy can be declared unconstitutional

All of these factors played a role in the decision to make the United States a federal system of government EXCEPT; a. Nation's wealth and the ability to expand west b. Country is large in size and population c. Nation's diversity of racial and ethnic groups d.decided on a democratic form of government

a. Nation's wealth and the ability to expand west

Which of the following statements reflects a pluralist theory of American politics? a. Public policies emerge from compromises reached among competing groups b. Public policies emerge from compromises reached among competing groups c. American politics is dominated by a small elite d. Public policies emerge from cooperation among elites in business labor

a. Public policies emerge from compromises reached among competing groups

Which of the following describes the social contract theory as advanced by John Locke? an agreement between political actors to maintain their grip of power an agreement between economic elites to maintain a stable economy an agreement where the govt. promises to provide minimum standard of living an agreement in which the govt promises to protect natural rights of people

an agreement in which the govt promises to protect natural rights of people

In The Federalist Papers, James Madison expressed the view that political factions are undesirable but inevitable in a free nation should be nurtured by a free nation are central to the creation of a free nation should play a minor role in any free nation

are undesirable but inevitable in a free nation

In The Federalist papers, James Madison expressed the view that political factions

are undesirable but inevitable in a free nation

The national government is obligated to do all of the following for the states EXCEPT; a. resect the territorial integrity of each state b. recognize the election process of each state c. provide a republican form of government d. provide security against invasion

b. recognize the election process of each state

Brutus was an example of an Anti-Federalist because he a. believed compromise between the branches would ensure limited government b. believed a central government government posed a major threat to rights c. argued laws passed by the national government were supreme to state laws d. argued that a national mitlitary force was needed to deal with insurrection

believed a central government government posed a major threat to rights

All of the following are ways that the legislative branch can check the powers of the executive branch EXCEPT: a. Congress may remove the president through its impeachment and conviction powers. b. Congress may override a presidential veto. c. Congress may pass a law declaring a presidential action unconstitutional. d. The Senate may refuse to approve a presidential appointment. e. The Senate may refuse to approve a treaty negotiated by the president.

c. Congress may pass a law declaring a presidential action unconstitutional.

which has been used most to expand the power of the national government?

commerce clause of the Constitution

All of the following are powers denied to the states EXCEPT; a. grant titles of nobility b. deny due process c. coin money d. conduct federal elections

conduct federal elections

All of the following are ways that the legislative branch can check the powers of the executive branch EXCEPT; a. Congress may override a presidential veto with 2/3 vote b. The Senate may refuse to approve presidential appointments c. Congress may remove the president through impeachment process d. Congress may pass a law declaring a presidential action unconstitutional

d. Congress may pass a law declaring a presidential action unconstitutional

Which of the following is a fundamental element of the United States Constitution? a. an executive branch that is more powerful than the legislature b. division of government authority across political branches(institutions) c. recognition of the centrality of politics in government d. direct election of the executive branch

division of government authority across political branches(institutions)

Which of the following is a fundamental element of the United States Constitution? direct election of members of the executive branch recognition of the centrality of political parties in government an executive branch that is more powerful than the legislative division of government authority across political institutions

division of government authority across political institutions

The Americans with Disabilities Act, which provides protections for the disabled, is an example of a. state supremacy b. horizontal federalism c. affirmative action d. dual federalism e. federal mandate

e. federal mandate

Of the following, the most significant difference between the Constitution of 1787 and the Articles of Confederation was that the Constitution a. made states sovereign over the national government, while the Articles were based on national sovereignty b. was difficult to amend, while the Articles included an easier process requiring approval by a simple majority of states c. provided for a presidential system of government, while the Articles provided for a parliamentary system of government d. created a dominant national executive, while the Articles established a dominant national legislature e. provided for a strong national government with many powers, while the Articles created a weak central government with few independent powers

e. provided for a strong national government with many powers, while the Articles created a weak central government with few independent powers

Unlike the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution does which of the following? establishes a unitary form of government emphasizes state sovereignty over national sovereignty restricts the ability of Congress to tax emphasizes both national sovereignty and federalism

emphasizes both national sovereignty and federalism

Diversity of public policy throughout the United States is primarily a consequence of checks and balances federalism lack of party discipline in the House separation of powers

federalism

Which of the following best describes the influence of social contract theory on the Constitution of the United States? framers intended for Constitution to limit individual rights and liberties framers attempted to legitimize Constitution through popular sovereignty the framers favored a direct democracy so all citizens could vote on policy framers wanted strong central government to control chaos among the states

framers attempted to legitimize Constitution through popular sovereignty

Which ideal of democracy is reflected in the procedure of apportionment in the House of Representatives? leaders in Congress are among the most well-informed in society the federal government represents states equally political power is distributed between national government and state govt. government is based on the consent of the governed

government is based on the consent of the governed

Which of the ideals of democracy is reflected in the procedure for apportionment in the House of Representatives? federal government represents states equally political power is distributed between national and state govenrments government is based on the consent of the governed leaders in Congress are well-informed

government is based on the consent of the governed

As originally ratified, the United States Constitution included provisions designed to expand the states' power to regulate their own commerce with foreign lands limit the importation of foreign manufactured goods increase the economic importance of the agrarian sector increase the economic powers of the central government

increase the economic powers of the central government

Which of the following is the best example of a categorical grant? money given to states without any strings attached money given to states for special education programs money given to individuals in the form of tax rebates money give to states to spend at their discretion on transportation

money given to states for special education programs

Federalism is different from a unitary system of government because in an unitary system, the power is ... shared by two levels power is centralized in a national government power is dispersed throughout the three levels states have more power

power is centralized in a national government

Which of the following is an example of checks and balances in action in the United States government? a. president vetoes a bill passed by Congress b. voters reject the status quo and elect all new members of Congress c. House and Senate cannot agree on the same version of a bill d. president issues an executive order that freezes government hiring

president vetoes a bill passed by Congress

The framers of the Constitution all believed that one of the primary functions of government is

protecting individual's property rights

The debates between Federalists and Anti-Federalists were primarily about which of the following issues? existence of slavery representation of large and small states scope of power of the central government right of people to rebel

scope of power of the central government

The Articles of Confederation implemented the principle of

state sovereignty

The clause in the United States Constitution that states that federal law will prevail over state law is known as the supremacy clause necessary and proper clause commerce clause full faith and credit clause

supremacy clause

In The Federalist papers, James Madison argues that political liberty is best protected by

the fragmentation of political power in a large republic

Throughout most of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, most African Americans were prevented from voting in many Southern states despite the Fifteenth Amendment, which extended the right to vote to African American males. Southern states were able to take this action because

the framers allowed the individual states to create voting processes and voter qualifications

Giving state governments greater discretion in deciding how to achieve goals of welfare reform is an example of

Devolution

Giving state governments greater discretion in deciding how to achieve the specific goals of welfare reform is an example of

Devolution

American political culture is characterized by strong popular support for all of the following EXCEPT a.the rule of law b equality of opportunity c. limited government d. economic equality

D. economic equality

"[A] pure democracy... can admit of no cure for the mischiefs of faction. . . . [S]uch democracies have ever been spectacles of turbulence and contention; have ever been found incompatible with personal security or the rights of property; and have in general been as short in their lives as they have been violent in their deaths. . . .The two great points of difference between a democracy and a republic are: first, the delegation of the government, in the latter, to a small number of citizens elected by the rest; secondly, the greater number of citizens, and greater sphere of country, over which the latter may be extended.. . . [I]t may well happen that the public voice, pronounced by the representatives of the people, will be more consonant to the public good than if pronounced by the people themselves, convened for the purpose. On the other hand, the effect may be inverted. Men of factious tempers, of local prejudices, or of sinister designs, may, by intrigue, by corruption, or by other means, first obtain the suffrages, and then betray the interests, of the people." - James Madison, The Federalist 10 Which of the following sections of the United States Constitution most concerns Madison according to the passage? a. Article I, Section 10—"No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it's inspection Laws. . . ." b. Article I, Section 2—"The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature."

b. Article 1, section 2

In the early part of the twenty-first century, public opinion polls showed that a majority of Americans believed it should be illegal to burn the American flag. As a result, many members of Congress introduced amendments to make it illegal to burn or desecrate the American flag. However, these efforts have been unsuccessful. Which of the following statements best explains why these efforts have been unsuccessful? a. Congress and the states have agreed to add this amendment; however, recent presidents have refused to sign it. b. The framers made the amendment process difficult in order to protect individual rights. c. The Supreme Court has stated such an amendment is unconstitutional, thus blocking its ratification. d. The framers specifically wrote the amendment proce

b. The framers made the amendment process difficult in order to protect individual rights.

All of the following are examples of a struggle between federal supremacy and states' rights EXCEPT; a. Tarrifs b. Calling up state militia c. Affordable care act d. No child left behind

b. calling up state militia

The vice of the groupist theory is that it conceals the most significant aspects of the system. The flaw in the pluralist heaven is that the heavenly chorus sings with a strong upper-class accent. Probably about 90 percent of the people cannot get into the pressure system. The notion that the pressure system is automatically representative of the whole community is a myth fostered by the universalizing tendency of modern group theories. Pressure politics is a selective process ill designed to serve diffuse interests. The system is skewed, loaded, and unbalanced in favor of a fraction of a minority. Which of the following best captures the author's argument regarding the forms of democracy? a. Pluralist democracy, which seeks to shield elites from popular opinion, functions best when individual citizens do not participate in the process. b. Participatory democracy, which emphasizes limited participation, marginalizes those who do not have the economic means to participate. c. Pluralist democracy, though it involves groups at different stages of the process of developing policy, excludes a significant portion of the population. d. Participatory democracy, which emphasizes expanded participation, creates too much conflict within the system.

c. Pluralist democracy, though it involves groups at different stages of the process of developing policy, excludes a significant portion of the population.

The increasing number of state and local government employees reflects which of the following about the political system in the United States? a. There has been a trend toward more liberal state governments since 1970. b. The addition of new states to the union has weakened the power of the national government. c. State and local governments provide many necessary public services in a federal system. d. The shrinking of the national budget has led to a decrease in the number of federal employees.

c. State and local governments provide many necessary public services in a federal system.

Which of the following is a correct statement about the federal government's role in interstate commerce? a. Fed government has no role in regulating interstate commerce b. The federal government's role is limited to regulating commerce transported on interstate waterways such as the Mississippi River. c. The federal government's role has been greatly expanded through the interpretation of the interstate commerce clause.

c. The federal government's role has been greatly expanded through the interpretation of the interstate commerce clause.

The statesman who should attempt to direct private people in what manner they ought to [operate their business] would not only load himself with a most unnecessary attention, but assume authority which could safely be trusted, not to no single person, but to no council or senate whatever, and which would nowhere be so dangerous as in the hands of a man who [was so arrogant to think] himself fit to exercise it. To . . . direct private people in what manner they ought to employ their capitals . . . in almost all cases [is] a useless or hurtful regulation. If the produce of domestic [industry] can be brought there as cheap as that of foreign industry, the regulation is evidently useless. If it cannot, it must generally be hurtful. - Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, 1776 Which of the following best summarizes the perspective of Adam Smith in the passage? a. A strong centralized government is necessary to maintain economic order. b. Lowering taxes increases investment and allows the free market to flourish. c. The government should not be used to promote manufacturing. d. Civil liberties limit the power of the federal government to regulate the economy.

c. The government should not be used to promote manufacturing.

All of the following are concerns about the Articles that led to the calling of the Constitutional Convention EXCEPT a. dissatisfaction with the central government's ability to provide defense b. fear for the stability of the central government c. dissatisfaction over safeguards of individual rights and liberties d. the need to give the central government the power to levy taxes

c. dissatisfaction over safeguards of individual rights and liberties

Were it admitted, however, that the Federal government may feel an equal disposition with the State governments to extend its power beyond the due limits, the latter would still have the advantage in the means of defeating such encroachments. If an act of a particular State, though unfriendly to the national government, be generally popular in that State and should not too grossly violate the oaths of the State officers, it is executed immediately. . . . The opposition of the federal government, or the interposition of federal officers, would but inflame the zeal of all parties on the side of the State, and the evil could not be prevented. . . . But ambitious encroachments of the federal government, on the authority of the State governments, would not excite the opposition of a single State, or of a few States only. They would be signals of general alarm. Every government would espouse the common cause. A correspondence would be opened. Plans of resistance would be concerted. One spirit would animate and conduct the whole. The same combinations, in short, would result from an apprehension of the federal, as was produced by the dread of a foreign, yoke; and unless the projected innovations should be voluntarily renounced, the same appeal to a trial of force would be made in the one case as was made in the other. But what degree of madness could ever drive the federal government to such an extremity. -James Madison, The Federalist paper number 46 Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies Madison's argument in The Federalist 46 ? a. An individual who is paying income taxes to both state and federal government b.States enforcing certain laws along interstate highways, such as laws banning the use of mobile phones while driving c. Congress increasing spending on national defense so that each state does not have to spend money on defense programs d. States passing laws that allow increased legal use of marijuana even though federal law prohibits marijuana

d. States passing laws that allow increased legal use of marijuana even though federal law prohibits marijuana