Chapter 1
Which statement accurately describes the earliest stone tools found in North America?
They were similar to the tools found from the same period in Europe and Asia.
Which of the following best describes trade across Native American cultural areas prior to 1492?
common and extensive
Increased violence in Mississippian cultures was most likely a result of __________.
competition for resources
The Iroquois Confederacy was founded to __________.
control the violence among the five Iroquois nations
When the Anasazi shifted from pit-house villages to multistoried apartment complexes, the shift was likely a(n) __________.
response to population pressure and an increasingly dry climate
How did agriculture in Mexico differ from that in regions where hunting remained an important activity?
Both men and women worked fields in Mexico.
Who first referred to Native Americans as "Indios"?
Christopher Columbus
Which of the following North American regions had the lowest population density in 1500?
Great Plains
The Mississippian culture was most directly influenced by what culture in the East?
Hopewell
Farming first developed in what part of North America?
Mexico
The standard hypothesis that migrations from Asia to North America began around 13,000 B.C.E. has been challenged by the discovery of what site?
Monte Verde
How is it known that the Iroquois chiefdoms were at war with each other prior to the creation of the confederacy?
Oral histories from the nineteenth century confirm that Iroquoia was wracked by warfare during that era.
Which statement best describes the Pueblos?
They lived by a strict communal code of behavior.
How did the Algonquian peoples live on the eve of colonization?
They were hunters and foragers who were organized into bands.
Which of these describes the Natchez at the time of European conquest?
The Natchez were a ranked society, with a small group of nobility ruling over the majority.
How did the Yuman people in the Grand Canyon obtain most of the food they required?
They grew corn, beans, and squash on small irrigated fields.
Which statement explains the failure of Native Americans in the Pacific Northwest to adopt settled agriculture?
There was an abundance of salmon in the region.
How did the people of the South adapt to the fall of the Mississippian chiefdoms?
They adopted a hunting and foraging lifestyle.
Which statement describes the type of violence that was common to the Athapascans?
They carried out systematic raids of settled farming communities.
How were the civilizations in Mesoamerica similar to those that arose in the Mediterranean?
Wealth and power were concentrated in the hands of an elite class of priests and rulers.
What was a common trait of the Creeks, Chickasaws, and Choctaws?
a cultural pattern of confederacies
A consequence of Native Americans' increasing reliance on agriculture was __________.
a new division of labor and, ultimately, the emergence of classes
Which of the following descriptions applies to the Aztecs?
a warrior people
Archaeologists believe that a central feature of the Hopewell culture was __________.
an elaborate trade network throughout North America
Archaeologists' discovery of the remains of 200 bison at one site in Colorado suggests that __________.
archaic hunters had developed considerable social organization
How is Desert culture best characterized?
by the pursuit of small game and the intensified foraging of plant foods
The decline of the Anasazi culture was initially triggered by __________.
climate change
Which of these best explains the extinction of many species of large mammals during the Archaic period?
climate change
Anthropologists have demonstrated that __________.
farmers work considerably longer and harder than do foragers
What technological advance made agriculture possible in the Great Basin?
modern irrigation systems
Which of these was key to the development of "forest efficiency"?
the acquisition of a sophisticated knowledge of natural resources
Which of these best describes the Mogollon culture?
the first farming culture of the Southwest
Beringia refers to __________.
the land bridge between Asia and North America
How did most of the large number of Native Americans residing in present-day California subsist?
through hunting and gathering
Which of these best describes the purpose of a clan?
to bind people from different communities into larger social units