Chapter 1: Organizational Behavior and Opportunity
Distinguish between Internal and External Perspective.
Internal - considers factors inside the person to understand behavior; explains people's actions and behavior in terms of history and experiences, and needs of individuals. External - focuses on factors outside the person to understand behavior; implies that a person's behavior is best understood by examining the surrounding external events and environmental forces
Objective Knowledge and Skill Development
Both must be applied in real world setting
Describe how individuals and groups are likely to react when faced with significant change that is perceived as a threat.
Employees with weak attitudes toward change are likely to resists and potentially sabotage a change initiative.
Objective Knowledge
Knowledge that results from research and scientific activities
Describe the important components of an organization and explain why organizations are open systems.
INPUTS....then 1) Task - the mission, purpose, or goal for existing 2) People - are the human resource of the organization 3)Technology - range of tools, knowledge, and techniques used to transform the input into outputs 4) Structure - system of communication, authority, and workflow ....then comes OUTPUTS
Explain how the process of learning from structured activity is related to the Kolb's learning cycle.
Kolbs' Learning Cycle: 1st -EXPERIENCE 2nd - REFLECTING 3rd - CONCEPTUALIZATION 4th - EXPERIMENT Essentially, the two are same, there is a still a structured process that is being followed with the two.
Eric Browns recomendations for seeing opportunities for change:
1) Have positive attitude 2) ASK Questions 3) Listen to answers 4) Be Committed to success
Describe the process of learning from structured activity.
1ST - INDIVIDUAL/GROUP (STRUCTURED ACTIVITY) 2ND - SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE STRUCTURED ACTIVITY 3RD - CONCLUSIONS BASED ON THE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW 4TH - NEW/MODIFIED KNOWLEDGE OR SKILL
Six Sigma
A process for reducing costs, improving quality, and increasing customer satisfaction
Kurt Lewin's theory of behavior
Behavior is a function of both the person and environment
Task Technology
availability of programmed solutions to a manager to solve problems.
Medicine
Long-standing concern for both physical and psychological health, as well as for industrial mental health
Explain why organizations exists and what organizations must do to survive. (Professors lecture)
They exists to fulfill a need. Organizations must adapt to its environment and internally integrate.
Informal Organization
groups within a formal organization in which personal relationships are guided by norms, rituals, and sentiments that are not part of the formal organization
Formal Organization
official, legitimate, and must be visible part that enables people to think of organization in logical and rational ways.
Sociologist Robert Merton
shaped the concept of "role set" - which has been used to study the effects of codes of ethics in organizations.
Engineering
the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes
Psychology
the science of mental life; traces it own origins to philosophy and the science of physiology
Anthropology
the scientific study of the origins, cultural development, and customs of human beings
Sociology
the study and classification of human societies
Organizational Behavior
the study of individual behavior and group dynamics in organizations
Management
using resources effectively to achieve goals and solve problems
Frederick Taylor
American mechanical engineer, who wanted to improve industrial efficiency. He is known as the father of scientific management, and was one of the first management consultants
Hawthrone studies
Research done in the late 1920s and early 1930s devised by Western Electric industrial engineers to examine the effect of different work environment changes on worker productivity which led to a new emphasis on the human factor in the functioning of organizations and the attainment of their goals. Suggested the importance of the informal organization.
Skill Development
The mastery of abilities essential to successful functioning in organizations.