Chapter 1 Psy

Which choice is an accurate definition of a hypothesis? a. An idea that proves a theory b. A means of explaining social phenomena c. A way of looking at the world d. A tentative explanation

d. A tentative explanation

Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation? a. legal b. cognitive c. counseling d. forensic

d. forensic

Which of the following choices refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time? a. statistical validation b. critical thinking c. hypothesis d. scientific theory

d. scientific theory

Which of the following is an example of research someone might conduct in the area of health psychology? a. what personality traits are present more often in men compared to women b. how the age of a leader affects the productivity of the group c. whether culture influences perception d. whether people working at a desk are more likely to be obese

d. whether people working at a desk are more likely to be obese

Which of the following exemplifies the unconditional positive regard component of client-centered therapy? a. Abby tells her therapist that she tripped a small child who got in her way, and her therapist accepts this information without judgment. b. Natasha is late for her therapy session and her therapist believes she did this because she unconsciously dislikes therapy. c. Boris tells his therapist that that he needs stronger medication and his therapist prescribes it. d. Xavier receives a hug from the doctor when he arrives on time; he does not get a hug when he arrives late.

a. Abby tells her therapist that she tripped a small child who got in her way, and her therapist accepts this information without judgment.

A series of dots arranged in the shape of a face will be perceived as a face, not a series of dots. A psychologist studying this phenomenon is applying the principals of ________. a. Gestalt psychology b. structuralism c. humanism d. psychoanalytic theory

a. Gestalt psychology

For which concept is Abraham Maslow best known? a. Proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior b. Dream analysis for the latent and manifest content of a dream c. Classical conditioning of non-human animals d. Studying the influence of reinforcement and punishment on behavior

a. Proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior

Ashya wants to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior. What area of psychology should she work in? a. clinical psychology b. counseling psychology c. cognitive psychology d. social psychology

a. clinical psychology

Susan wants to study prejudice, attraction, how we explain our own behavior versus how we explain the behavior of others, and how we resolve interpersonal conflicts. Susan should conduct research in the area of ________. a. social psychology b. personality c. Gestalt psychology d. psychoanalysis

a. social psychology

In developmental psychology, there is an increasing interest in researching cognitive changes that occur later in life. Why? a. The elderly are contracting more cognitive diseases. b. Populations of developed nations are living longer. c. Populations of developing nations are dying sooner. d. People in developed nations revere the elderly.

b. Populations of developed nations are living longer.

Which of the following is not part of feminist psychology? a. discovering the contributions of women to psychology b. favoring women over men c. questioning the practice of science itself when it is male biased d. studying psychological gender differences

b. favoring women over men

Oona wants to conduct research on personnel management, workplace environment, and what type of environment results in high levels of employee productivity and efficiency. Oona should conduct research in the area of ________ psychology. a. clinical b. industrial-organizational c. theoretical d. existential-phenomenological

b. industrial-organizational

Guillermo spends some time each day applying the principles of structuralism to examine his own conscious experience as carefully as possible. Guillermo is engaged in ________. a. psychoanalysis b. introspection c. client-centered therapy d. behaviorism

b. introspection

Psychology refers to the ________. a. systematic study of human interaction b. scientific study of the mind and behavior. c. empirical study of humanity d. experimental study of individuals

b. scientific study of the mind and behavior.

Select the correctly ordered list of psychological perspectives, with the earliest perspective listed first. a. structuralism, functionalism, humanism, behaviorism b. structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism c. humanism, structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism d. humanism, behaviorism, structuralism, functionalism

b. structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism

The cognitive revolution created an impetus for psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding ________. a. stimulus-response and the instincts that underlie human reaction to pain b. the mind and mental processes that underlie behavior c. emotions and cultural norms that underlie emotional responses d. genetics and the evolutionary adaptations that underlie behavior

b. the mind and mental processes that underlie behavior

Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and ________. a. understanding the id, ego, and superego b. the operation of the whole mind rather than the individual parts c. the operation of individual parts of the mind d. explaining the subconscious

b. the operation of the whole mind rather than individual parts.

Cognitive psychology focuses on studying ________. a. genetics and the effect of genetics on behavior b. thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions c. sensation and the effect of culture on perception d. the effect of gender, race, and class on behavior

b. thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions

Lucy wants to study changes in physical attributes, cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in ________ psychology. a. cognitive b. personality c. developmental d. social

c. developmental

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________. a. studying how emotional responses influence behavior while deemphasizing the importance of the subconscious b. studying implicit motivations for behavior through the use of implicit association tests c. studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes d. studying the genetic basis for behavior and theorizing how instincts influence behavior

c. studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes