Chapter 1 Quiz
Commands are not statements
True
Commands are not statements.
True
"Chocolate ice cream is better than strawberry". This is
a statement
"My brother has a cat named Sully." This is
a statement
"Pigs can fly". This is
a statement
"The moon is made of bleu cheese." This is
a statement
Which of the following is a statement?
"I'm not hungry".
Sound arguments can have false conclusions.
Fa;se
A good counterexample employs well-known truths for its premises and conclusion.
False
All arguments have more than one premise.
False
All sentences are statements.
False
All strong arguments have true conclusions.
False
A hypothetical syllogism has the following form:
If A, then B; If B, then C; So, if A, then C.
An argument that results from uniformly replacing letters in an argument form with terms or statements is a substitution instance of that form.
True
A category statement asserts some relation between sets or collections of things.
True
A conditional statement is the same thing as a hypothetical statement.
True
A counterexample proves that an argument form is invalid.
True
A statement is either true or false
true
All uncogent arguments are weak.
False
All valid arguments are sound
False
All weak arguments have false conclusions.
False
Any argument that is a substitution instance of affirming the consequent is a valid argument.
False
Any argument with a true conclusion is sound.
False
Which of the following is a substitution instance of the argument form "All A are B; No B are C; So, no A are C"?
All fish are dogs; No dogs are mammals; So, no fish are mammals.
A disjunctive syllogism has the following form:
Either A or B; Not A; So, B
Every argument intends to guarantee the truth of its conclusion.
False
If an argument form in invalid, then so is every substitution instance of that argument form.
False
If an argument form is invalid, then so is every substitution instance of that argument form.
False
No cogent arguments have false conclusions.
False
No valid arguments have false premises.
False
Some arguments are false.
False
When understood in the inclusive sense, "Either A or B" means "Either A or B (but not both)."
False
The fallacy of affirming the consequent has the following form:
If A, then B; B; So, A
Which of the following is an example of a conditional statement?
If Pamela loves Joe, then Joe loves Pamela
A counterexample proves that an argument form in invalid.
True
A statement is either true or false.
True
A true conclusion may be validly deduced from false premises.
True
All sound arguments are valid.
True
An argument is any set of statements.
True
An argument's conclusion is affirmed on the basis of its premises.
True
An invalid argument can have false premises and a true conclusion.
True
Every argument with a valid form is valid.
True
More than one argument can have the same form.
True
No cogent arguments have false premises.
True
Some arguments intend demonstrating their conclusions to be probably true.
True
Strong arguments with all true premises are cogent.
True
The conclusion of a valid argument may be false.
True
The statements comprising an "either-or" sentence are called disjuncts.
True
in "If Suzie goes to the party, then John will go," the antecedent is "Suzie goes to the party."
True
Identify the following as valid, invalid, strong, or weak" "Assuming Betty's flight leaves on time, she will arrive in Seattle at 6:00 p.p. Betty's flight did leave on time, so she will arrive in Seattle at 6:00 p.m."
Valid
When "or" is taken in the exclusive sense, the statement "We'll go swimming or hiking" says what?
We'll go swimming or hiking, but not both.
An argument form is
a pattern of reasoning
As understood by logicians, an argument is
a set of statements, one of which is supported by the others
As understood by logicians, an argument is
a set of statements, one of which is supported by the others.
"Assuming that Peter gets a B on the test, he'll pass the class." This is
a statement
"Buttercup is a yellow parakeet." This is
a statement
"Pigs can fly." This is
a statement
"The death penalty is morally wrong." This is
a statement
"You don't have any brothers or sisters, do you?" This is
a statement
"Chocolate ice cream is better than strawberry." This is
a statements
Which of the following argument forms is not valid?
affirming the consequent
The primary purpose(s) of argument is (are)
both to persuade others to share our views, and to discover the truth about something
The statement "Pat is a mother only if Pat is a woman" is a stylistic variant of which type of statement?
conditional
All uncogent arguments are weak
false
All valid arguments have true conclusions.
false
The conclusion of an unsound argument must be false.
false
A sound argument is one that is valid and
has all true premises
Identify the following as valid, invalid, strong, or weak: "All men are mortal. Socrates is mortal. Socrates is a man."
invalid
Identify the following as valid, invalid, strong, or weak: "If Pete passes the class, then so will Sharon. But, Pete didn't pass the class. Sharon did not pass the class."
invalid
Identify the following as valid, invalid, strong, or weak: "We can take a vacation in the Bahamas only if we save enough money. We've saved enough money, so now we can take a vacation in the Bahamas!"
invalid
A cogent argument
is strong and has all true premises
A cogent argument
is strong and has all true premises.
If an argument is strong, then
it is improbable (but possible) that the conclusion is false on the assumption that the premises are true.
The main feature of a valid argument is
it is necessary that if the premises are true, then the conclusion is true
The main feature of a valid argument is
it is necessary that if the premises are true, then the conclusion is true.
Logic is the study of
methods for evaluating arguments
The argument form "If A then B; Not B; So, not A" is called
modus tollens
"Are we there yet?" This is
not a statement
"Don't go in the water." This is
not a statement
"Eat your vegetables." This is
not a statement
"Go to your room!" This is
not a statement
"Will Jean win the election?" This is
not a statement
A counterexample to an argument form is a substitution instance whose
premises are well-known truths and conclusion a well-known falsehood.
Inductive logic is concerned with methods of evaluating arguments for
strength and weakness
Identify the following as valid, invalid, strong, or weak: "60 percent of Volvos ever made are still running. My father's Volvo still runs"
strong
Identify the following as valid, invalid, strong, or weak: "60 percent of Volvos every made are still running. My father's Volvo still runs."
strong
Identify the following as valid, invalid, strong, or weak: "No one has ever run a three-minute mile. No one ever will."
strong
Identify the following as valid, invalid, strong, or weak: "Peter has been at bat two times per game in each of the last ten games. He struck out every time her was at bat! So, he'll probably strike out the next time he's at bat."
strong
All sound arguments have true conclusions.
true
Identify the following as valid, invalid, strong, or weak: "Either Williams will win the election or Jarboe will win it. If Williams wins the election, the recycling will become mandatory. If Jarboe wins the election, then universal garbage collection will become mandatory. So, either recycling or universal garbage collection will become mandatory."
valid
Identify the following as valid, invalid, strong, or weak: "If whales are fish, they are cold-blooded. Whales aren't cold-blooded. Whales are not fish."
valid
Identify the following as valid, invalid, strong, or weak: "Approximately 43 percent of pet owners in America own a dog. Ron is a pet owner, so he must have a dog."
weak