Chapter 1 Reading Guide

nonstage theory

A theory that suggests that unskilled and skilled readers use the same strategies to figure out unknown words

grapheme

A written symbol that represents a phoneme

Reading entails reconstructing the author's message and doing which of the following?

Constructing one's own meaning using print as stimulus

graphophonic information

Cue based on sound or visual similarities

Which of the following would NOT be included in a definition of reading?

Listening to a Podcast

Which of the following refers to using the surrounding information to figure out an unknown word?

Using the context

new literacies

Ways to read and write texts, and also to view and visually represent texts in new and exciting ways, often including enhancements such as video and audio; often in electronic rather than traditional print format and available for viewing on various devices

sight vocabulary words

Words that are recognized by the reader immediately, without having to resort to decoding

metacognition

A person's awareness of his or her own thinking and the conscious efforts to monitor this awareness

stage theory

A theory that suggests that children go through three stages in acquiring literacy; the selective cue stage, the spelling sound stage, and the automatic stage

Which of the following are skills used in the reading process?

A. Using letter-sound relationships B. Acquiring a sight vocabulary of immediately recognized words C. Gaining meaning from context

big book

An enlarged version of a book used by the teacher for mediated reading instruction so that students can track the print and attention can be focused on particular phonemic elements

miscues

An unexpected reading response that may change or disrupt the meaning of a text

predictable books

Books or texts that use repetition, rhythmic language patterns, and familiar patterns; sometimes called "Pattern Books"

Which of the following are visual and sound features of words?

Graphophonic information

tracking

Indicating understanding of the one-to-one correspondence of spoken and written words by fingerpointing

phonics

Instruction in the association of speech sounds with printed symbols

Which of the following is a fundamental characteristic of the reading process?

It is a strategic process

The nonstage theory suggests which of the following?

Skilled and unskilled readers use the same strategies to unlock unknown words.

explicit instruction

Teacher control of learning environment through structured, systematic lessons, goal setting, choice of activities, and feedback

reading

The construction of meaning from coded messages through symbol decoding, vocabulary awareness, comprehension, and reflection

cueing systems

The four language systems that readers rely upon for cues as they seek meaning from text: graphophonic, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic

Meaning making and vocabulary are part of which cueing system?

The semantic system

morpheme

The smallest meaning -bearing linguistic unit in a language

phoneme

The smallest unit of sound in a language

context

The surrounding information in a sentence or text

decoding

The translation of written words into verbal speech for oral reading or mental speech for silent reading

Which of the following statements is NOT true of sight vocabulary words?

They should be decoded in approximately two seconds.

Which of the following is the best strategy a teacher can use to expand and reinforce sight vocabulary of learners?

Use shared reading with big books

Reading entails both reconstructing an author's message and ? one's own meaning using the print on the page as a stimulus

constructing

Proficient readers use different strategies depending on the their purposes for reading and the ? of the material

difficulty

Reading is a ? process whereby the various subskills-- such as decoding, finding the main idea, and locating important details-- must be integrated to form a smooth, coherent whole

holistic

The ? should always be meaninful because it is the reader's transaction with the writer's pointed ideas

product

Reading involves the mechanical skills of turning the printed symbols into the ? of our language

sounds

Effective teachers of beginning literacy are aware of the four ? and model and support students' use of them in all areas of communication

systems

To achieve the most effective ? between author and reader, any decoded message must have some connection to the child's life and experience

transaction

The new literacies require children to be proficient in reading, writing, listening, speaking, viewing, and ?

visually representing