Chapter 1 Review

1000 equals how many km

1

What fraction of a meter is a millimeter?

1/1000

How many grams are there in one kilogram?

1000 g

Which set of measurements best represents accuracy if the true value is 6.80 kg?

6.75 kg, 6.80 kg and 6.85 kg

Which set of measurements represents the greatest precision? 6.83 kg, 6.80 kg and 6.85 kg 5.80 kg, 6.80 kg and 7.80 kg

6.83 kg, 6.80 kg and 6.85 kg

The metric system contains _____ basic units of measure.

7

Which statement(s) is/are true about a theory:

A broad explanation and Supported by evidence

The following are important physical science theories except:

Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection

A balance weighing 2.63g of salt is more precise than the balance weighing 2.6363 g

False

A graduated cylinder is used to measure length

False

For a nonlinear graph, the slope is constant for the entire line. For a linear graph, the slope varies at different points along the line.

False

The amount of matter in an object is its volume

False

What is the benefit to having baby steps in science occur as small bits of evidence accumulate:

Lets scientists refine and expand on earlier ideas

The sample of a compound contains 20.30 percent of chloride. The chemical analysis by method A gives 20.34, 20.35, and 20.36 percent of chloride while the analysis by method B gives 20.27, 20.29, and 20.32 percent of chloride. Which method gives more accurate data?

Method B

Theories in science are explanations that are not widely accepted by the scientific community.

Physics

Which statement best explains the relationship between scientific theories and scientific laws?

Scientific theories explain why and how nature follows specific scientific laws.

Which of these statements could be a scientific law? a. Metals such as copper conduct electric current. b. Metals can conduct electricity because they have free electrons.

Statement A

Precision is:

The degree to which repeated measurements under unchanged conditions show the same results

Newton's _____ law of motion states that for every reaction there is an equal and opposite reaction

Third

What is the purpose of a scientific theory

To give a broad explanation why nature behaves the way that it does

In 1666, Isaac Newton introduced the idea that gravity is universal.

True

Precise measurements are highly reproducible even if the measurements are not near the correct value

True

We can calculate the slope of any line graph

True

Examples of scientific laws include the conservation of

all of the above

To be useful, a scientific model must

all of the above

The most parsimonious theory is based on the fewest

assumptions

A ______ graph is especially useful for comparing values for different things.

bar

The prefix that multiplies a basic SI unit by 0.01 is

centi

Which unit of measure is smaller than a meter?

centimeters

Baby steps in science occur as small bits of ______ gradually accumulate.

evidence

In science, a theory is a general explanation based on many experiments and extensive _____.

evidence

A kilogram equals one-thousandth of a gram.

false

A millimeter is longer than a centimeter.

false

A road map is a three-dimensional model.

false

A theory is a description of certain events, whereas a law is an explanation for many events.

false

Dalton's atomic theory has been disproven and is no longer accepted today.

false

Heat and temperature are synonyms.

false

If you were measuring the distance from Asheville, North Carolina to Indianapolis, Indiana, the most reasonable unit of measure would be decimeters.

false

Newton's law of universal gravitation only refers to the phenomena of objects falling toward the ground or rolling downhill.

false

Science is not a process, but just a body of facts that accumulates overtime.

false

The advancement of science is always a smooth and predictable process.

false

The metric system is not universally used by scientists.

false

The slope of a line is defined as the run divided by the rise.

false

Usually scientists do not specialize and study one aspect of the natural world, but will focus on many aspects to understand why and how things happen.

false

At home, you might measure the volume of a liquid with a measuring cup. In science, the volume of a liquid might be measured with a

graduated cylinder

Newton is associated with a law about

gravity

The actual temperature of a refrigerator is 37 deg F. The tested temperature in deg F is 39.1, 39.2, 39.2, and 39.2 respectively. This distribution shows:

high precision

The actual temperature of a room is 40 degrees Celsius. The tested temperature in degrees Celsius is 37.1, 37.2, 37.3, and 37.5 respectively. This distribution shows:

high precision

Common units used in chemistry

kilogram, ampere, kelvin

A(n) _____ graph is especially useful for showing changes in a variable over time.

line

The lowest point on the curved surface of a liquid is called the

meniscus

The base unit of length in the international system of units is the _____.

meter

Which of the following is NOT a unit of length in the English system?

meter

In science, measurements are usually made using the ______ system

metric

English units of distance include the

mile

A _______ is a representation of an object, system, or process.

model

A representation of an object, system, or process is called a(n) _____.

model

________ are useful in science because they provide a way to investigate things that are too small, large, complex, or distant to observe or investigate directly.

models

Kami measured the volume of a liquid three times and got these results: 66.71 mL, 66.70 mL, 66.69 mL. The actual volume of the liquid is 69.70 mL. Are these measurements accurate?

no

The formation of scientific theories is generally guided by the law of ________, which states that the answer requiring the fewest number of assumptions is more likely to be correct.

parsimony

Which of the following types of graph cannot be interpolated or extrapolated?

pie-chart

The same or similar results in successive measurements is a feature of which measure?

precision

A _______ is a statement describing what always happens under certain conditions.

scientific law

How many base units comprise the SI?

seven

_____ is the only industrialized country that does not use the metric system as its official system of measurement.

the united states

Edward wants to measure the mass of a small, irregularly shaped rock. Which of the following instruments would be best for Edward to use?

triple beam balance

Choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Scientists can measure mass with a(n) _____.

triple-beam balance

A student measures the volume of acid three times and the reading come out to be 27.25 ml, 27.38 ml, and 27.42 ml respectively. But the actual volume of acid is 27.34 ml. Hence the measurements taken by the student are precise as well as accurate.

true

If an instrument measures in intervals of 2, then any value between 7 and 9 is measured as 8.

true

If mass is plotted on the y-axis corresponding to the volume along the x-axis then density of the substance can be determined from the slope of the graph.

true

If the average value of different measurements is near to the correct value, it is said to be accurate.

true

If weight of children for age groups 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, is given as 20 Kg, 30 Kg, 40 Kg, then we can prepare a histogram by using this data.

true

In certain situations it is not possible to interpolate or extrapolate the data points. In such situations line graph should not be used.

true

Measurement systems are necessary for every occupation of human industry.

true

Metrication is complete or nearly complete in almost all countries of the world.

true

Newton's law of universal gravitation describes the force of gravity that causes planets to orbit the sun.

true

Precision refers to how close the values in a set of measurements are to one another.

true

Science may advance in giant steps when a major new idea is introduced.

true

Scientific laws are inferred from many observations. They describe what always happens under certain conditions.

true

The metric system is an international, decimal-based system of measurement.

true

The term "accuracy" denotes the closeness of an experimental value or the mean value of a set of measurements to the true value.

true

To be useful, a model must closely represent the real thing in important ways.

true

We can interpret the trends in variation of the plotted quantities from a graph.

true

When the eye receives several different frequencies at the same time, the colors are interpreted as blended by the brain.

true