Chapter 1 Section 1: Psych 310

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Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of psychological tests?

. standardization to a mean of 100

Currently, ethnic minorities constitute about __________ of the U.S. population.

1/3

In a 50-item multiple choice test with four choices per item, what would be the corrected score for an examinee who answered 32 items correctly, answered 9 items incorrectly, and left 9 items blank?

29

Suppose a young girl answers correctly on 37 questions from a 50-item test but answers erroneously on 9 questions, leaving 2 questions blank. Suppose their are four alternatives per question. Using established principles of probability, what would be her corrected score?

34

___________ tests are often used to measure a person's degree of learning, success or accomplishment in a subject matter.

Achievement

___________ tests are often used to predict success in an occupation, training course, or educational endeavor

Aptitude

_______________ share a common assumption that behavior is best understood in terms of clearly defined characteristics such as frequency, duration, antecedents, and consequences.

Behavioral procedures

Individual tests of intelligence, projective personality tests, and neuropsychological test batteries are examples of Level ___ tests

C

In general, Head Start children show immediate gains in

IQ academic achievement school readiness all of the above

Which test is considered to have better norming?

MMPI-2

What subspecialty of psychology uses specialized tests on people to make inferences about the locus, extent, and consequences of brain damage?

Neuropsychology

Suppose a tester asks "What is a sofa?" and the child looks puzzled. In general, is it acceptable for the tester to rephrase the question, asking "What is a couch?"

No, because the rephrased question is easier and therefore not comparable

The early testing pioneer who studied aboriginal groups in Australia was

Stanley Porteus

______________________ may have the long-term effect of pressuring African American students to "protectively disidentify" with achievement in school and related intellectual domains.

Stereotype threat

The distinction between aptitude tests and achievement tests is based largely upon

The distinction between aptitude tests and achievement tests is based largely upon

Which of the following could be a test, according to the definition offered in the textbook?

a checklist for rating the social skills of a retarded youth a non-timed measure of mastery in adding pairs of three-digit numbers a microcomputer appraisal of reaction time all of the above

A psychometrician is best understood as

a developer and evaluator of psychological tests

On a footprint test, Australian aboriginal peoples scored __________ other racial groups examined.

about the same as

Under what circumstances is it considered ethical to ask a client to take a test such as the MMPI-2 home for completion?

almost never

The ability of a test to predict non-test behavior is determined by

an extensive body of postpublication validational research

According to APA guidelines, who is qualified to use an individual intelligence test?

an individual with a least a master's degree in psychology or an allied field

Psychological assessment is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

an objective process based on a single source of information

The ________ test is a multivariate assessment of heart rate, respiration, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color in newborns

apgar

Regarding a test manual, ethical guidelines indicate that test publishers

are required to publish a manual

Which is the most comprehensive term?

assessing

Appraising or estimating the magnitude of one or more attributes in a person is referred to as

assessment

The term ___________ was invented during World War II to describe a program to select men for secret service assignment in the Office of Strategic Services.

assessment

The single most important principle in the ethics of testing is

best interests of the client

In Moore's adoption study, which group scored higher on IQ tests?

black children adopted into white families

Placement, screening, certification, and selection are all examples of

classification

Measures of ___________ emphasize novelty and originality in the solution of fuzzy problems or the production of artistic works.

creativity

In a(n) _______________ test, the objective is to determine where the examinee stands with respect to very tightly defined educational objectives.

criterion-referenced

The text mentions that the following element(s) can be used to define informed consent from a legal standpoint.

disclosure 2. voluntariness 3. competency 4. ALL THE ABOVE

Putting forth a variety of answers to a complex or fuzzy problem is an example of _________ thinking.

divergent

The Tarasoff case was the impetus for changes in the concept of

duty to warn

The purpose of norms is to

establish an average performance indicate the prevalence of high and low scores determine deviations from expectation all of the above

Regarding the publication of new or revised instruments, the most important guideline is to

exceptions can be made only if withholding information would present a clear danger to client or others

All of the following are common sources of error in group testing EXCEPT:

failure to provide allotted break time

According to the text, which kind of test generally requires the greatest vigilance from the examiner?

group and individual tests require equal vigilance

Most intelligence tests use a _____________ assortment of test items.

heterogeneous

What is the relationship between test anxiety and school achievement?

high anxiety correlates with low achievement

In determining the boundaries of flexible testing procedures, the examiner should consider

how the test was likely administered to the norm sample

With regard to professional ethics, which of the following is NOT true?

if one is conversant with the written professional guidelines, answers to ethical testing issues are always simple and straightforward

Access to psychological tests is restricted because

in the hands of unqualified persons, psychological tests can cause harm 2. the selection process is rendered invalid for persons who preview test questions 3. leakage of item content to the general public completely destroys the efficacy of a test 4. all of the above

Which of the following is a possible sign of hearing loss?

inattentiveness poor articulation difficulty in following oral directions all of the above

Undoubtedly the single greatest source of error in group test administration is:

incorrect timing of tests

An important advantage of _________ tests is that the examiner can gauge the level of motivation of the examinee.

individual

Which of the following does not need to be included in the marketing of tests:

information about potential misuse 2. a balanced presentation of the manuals and guides 3. statistics on reliability, validity, norms, and other relevant technical details 4. all should be included

According to the principle of _________________, test takers or representatives are made aware, in language that they can understand, of the reasons for testing, the type of tests to be used, the intended use and the range of material consequences of the intended use.

informed consent

When test takers are made aware, in language that they can understand, of the reasons for testing, etc., this is called

informed consent

Question By far the most common use of psychological tests is to

make decisions about persons

In the equation X = T + e, what is the best that a test developer can do?

make e very small

Criterion-referenced tests

measure what a person can do

In a(n) _____________ test, the performance of each examinee is interpreted in reference to a relevant standardization sample.

norm-referenced

Tests that use a well-defined population of persons for their interpretive framework are referred to as:

norm-referenced

In light of consent guidelines, what requirement does a psychologist have if they are interested in testing an 18-year-old client with mental retardation?

obtain consent from a legal guardian

What effect does an excessive emphasis on nationally normed achievement tests for selection and evaluation appear to promote?

outright fraud and cheating

When instructions for a task are neutral or nonthreatening, test-anxious subjects

perform just as well as low-anxious subjects

Checklists, inventories, and projective techniques are all examples of ____________ tests.

personality

A consulting psychologist evaluates a candidate for law enforcement and notes a significantly elevated K-scale (defensiveness). What should the psychologist do?

point out that elevated K scores are common in this group

As a group, Native Americans may tend to emphasize ___________ more than European Americans.

present time

According to APA guidelines, who is qualified to use a straightforward paper-and- pencil test of vocational proficiency

psychologists or a responsible nonpsychologist (e.g., business executive

A specialist in psychology or education who develops and evaluates psychological tests:

psychometrician

Conscious faking on psychological tests is thought to be

rare

The necessary prerequisite(s) to administering a new test are:

reading the manual memorizing key elements of instructions rehearsing the test all of the above

When a psychologist tests an individual who she believes to have a brain tumor, in her written report she should

recommend immediate consultation with the appropriate profession (e.g neurology)

A neuropsychologist investigating the hypothesis that low-level lead absorption causes behavior deficits in children would be an example of using psychological testing for __________________.

research

Which of the following is NOT true in relation to psychological tests:

results represent a thing with physical reality

The idea of stereotype threat is essentially a sophisticated version of

self-fulfilling prophecy

Why are tests merely a sample of behavior?

so that the time required for testing is not excessive

Owing to the special nature of this kind of impairment, subjects may receive less credit on a test item than is due.

speech-impaired

Being aware of obsolete tests (i.e. MMPI) and outdated test results are illustrations of _____________________.

standard of care

Uniformity of administration procedures is the definition of

standardization

The norm group is referred to as the

standardization sample

Suppose subjects are matched on overall IQ. On timed subtests from an intelligence scale such as the WAIS, the performance of low-anxious subjects ________________ that of high-anxious subjects.

surpasses

The overly optimistic picture of student achievement is called _______________.

the Lake Wobegon Effect

In a study by Finn, one group of students received feedback about the MMPI-2, whereas another group received an equal amount of supportive, nondirective psychotherapy instead of the feedback. Which group showed greater gains in self- esteem and symptom relief?

the MMPI-2 feedback group

Where is the most reliable source to get directions and instructions for administering specific psychological tests?

the instruction manual that typically accompanies a test

In the selection and testing of a standardized sample, it is crucial that

the sample is representative of the population for whom the test is intended

In most cases, if a test question asks "What shape is a ball?" a correct answer would be recorded if

the subject responds verbally "round" the subject responds verbally "spherical" the subject gestures with his index finger in a circular pattern all of the above

In general, how do test manuals for group standardized tests handle the issue of guessing?

they provide explicit instructions to examinees as to the advantages and potential pitfalls of guessing

It is important that the standardization sample be representative of the population for whom the test is intended because

this allows for the examinee's relative standing to be determined

In Terrell's study, which group of black subjects showed the lowest IQ test results when tested by a white examiner?

those with high cultural mistrust

When testing a person with a mild motor handicap, examiners may wish to omit

timed performance subtests

Which of the following was used as a situational test by the Office of Strategic Services during WWII?

transporting equipment across a raging brook scaling a ten foot high wall surviving a realistic interrogation all of the above

Vernon and Brown (1964) relate the tragic case of a young girl who was put in an institution for the mentally retarded because of a test IQ of 29, when, in fact, it was later shown her real IQ was 113. The original low score was a result of

unrecognized deafness in the girl

Which of the following is an essential step in the standardization of a test?

use of identical stimuli with all examinees precise specification of oral instructions for subtests advice to the examiner as to how to handle queries from the examinee all of the above

If you are a therapist and your client makes repeated death threats against a specific individual, what is your ethical responsibility?

warn the individual who your client is making threats against and notify law enforcement

When testing children, testing should begin

when he/she seems relaxed enough to give maximum effort

In one study reported in the text (Terrell, et al. 1981), mistrustful blacks performed relatively poorly when tested by ______ examiners

white

Which of the examiner characteristics listed below has been found to make a consistent and significant difference in the outcome of individual test results?

white

Test-anxious students have study habits that are _____________ those of other students.

worse than

The test item writer's aim is to make all or nearly all considered guesses _________ guesses.

wrong

Suppose that answering "true" to the question "I drink a lot of water" happens to help predict depression. Would it be wise to include this item on a test used to identify depression?

yes, because the essential characteristic of a good test is that it predicts relevant behaviors

Which age group is most prone to periodic accumulation of fluid in the middle ear during intervals of mild illness?

young subjects


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