Chapter 1 SmartBook -Micro Bio

Which defines spontaneous generation?

Abiogenesis

The Dutch linen merchant who developed a large collection of single-lens microscopes in the late 1600s that he used to view microbes was ______.

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Which two scientists provided evidence about microbial heat-resistance and the presence of endospores?

Cohn and Tyndall

Select the contributions of Robert Koch.

Confirmed the bacterial cause of anthrax Established postulates to verify the germ theory of disease

For the organism Escherichia coli, what is the genus name?

Escherichia

True or false: A sterile environment is free of actively growing cells and microorganisms, but may contain viruses or dormant life forms such as endospores.

False

Who established the four postulates to verify the germ theory and developed many of the laboratory techniques still used in microbiology labs today?

Koch

Who first promoted the use of disinfecting agents in surgical operating rooms?

Lister

The scientist who helped disprove the belief in spontaneous generation by designing a long, bent "swan neck" for his flasks was ______.

Louis Pasteur

In the 1600s, van Leeuwenhoek developed a large collection of single-lens

Microscopes

What is a helminth?

Parasitic Worm

Louis ___ developed methods of making dairy products safer and the formation of beer and wine using microbes.

Pasteur

In general, disease-causing organisms are referred to as

Pathogens

What was the contribution of Cohn and Tyndall?

Recognized the existence of heat-resistant microbes and endospores

Which scientist established a connection between infections in the maternity ward and physicians with unwashed hands coming directly from autopsies?

Semmelweis

Which event helped establish the science of microbiology?

The development of the microscope

True or false: Infectious diseases are among the top ten causes of death by disease both in the U.S. and worldwide.

True

A good hypothesis must be ______.

able to be supported or rejected by experimentation

For the organism Staphylococcus aureus, what is the species name?

aureus

For human health and well-being, it is important to have a ______ microbiota.

diverse

A(n) ___ infectious disease, such as SARS or viral encephalitis, is a newly identified infectious disease that is becoming more prominent.

emerging

______ diseases are those which are newly identified and becoming more prominent.

emerging

For the organism Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus represents the ___ level of classification.

genus

Work by Louis Pasteur and other scientists to show that human diseases could arise from infection led to the ___ theory of disease.

germ

Globally, the top cause of death is ______.

heart disease

A(n) ____ is a tentative explanation of an observation.

hypothesis

All of the following are true statements about the human microbiome EXCEPT ______.

it regularly causes disease

The scientific ___ is a systematic pursuit of knowledge that involves observation, hypothesis formation and testing, and the collection of data.

method

The sum total of all the microbes in a certain environment is its ______.

microbiome

The germ theory of disease stated that ______.

microorganisms could cause infection and disease

______ microbes that are associated with humans cause no harm.

most

A(n) ___ is the general term used to refer to any disease-causing microorganism.

pathogen

Tuberculosis is an older disease but its prevalence has been increasing in recent years; therefore, this disease is sometimes referred to as a(n) ___ disease.

reemerging

Older diseases that are experiencing recent increases in prevalence are referred to as ______.

reemerging diseases

For the organism Staphylococcus aureus, aureus represents the ____ level of classification which is the most specific grouping of organisms.

species

John Needham, Louis Pasteur, and other scientists all performed experiments to disprove ______.

spontaneous generation

The concept of living things arising from vital forces in nonliving or decomposing materials was known as ______.

spontaneous generation (Reason: Biogenesis refers to the idea that life can only arise from life.)

An environment or material that is completely free of all life forms (including spores) and virus particles is referred to as

sterile

True or false: Lister first promoted the use of disinfecting agents prior to surgery.

true

The term ____ refers to a parasitic invertebrate such as a worm.

helminth

Microbiology involves the study of microscopic organisms or agents, including ______.

helminths protozoa fungi viruses archaea bacteria

The scientific ____ is a systematic pursuit of knowledge that involves observation, hypothesis formation and testing, and the collection of data.

method

___ is a specialized area of biology that deals with living things ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification.

microbiology

Microscopic organisms are only visible with the aid of a

microscope

The development of the _____ , Incorrect Unavailable established the science of microbiology by providing a means by which microorganisms could be viewed.

microscope

A scientific theory is a proposed explanation for a natural event that is ______.

the result of extensive testing over time

A scientific ___ is a viable explanation (hypothesis) for a natural phenomenon that has stood the test of time and extensive experimentation.

theory