Chapter 1: Taking Charge of Your Health

Which of the following statements most closely represents the main idea of the transtheoretical model of behavior change? Multiple choice question. Once you move through a particular stage, you cannot go back to the previous one. You can choose which stages you want to go through for a given behavior change. As you change your behavior, you move through distinct stages of action. You can formulate or change your target behavior as you move through the stages.

As you change your behavior, you move through distinct stages of action.

______ change is a lifestyle management process that involves cultivating healthy lifestyle habits and working to overcome unhealthy ones. Multiple choice question. Behavior Lifestyle Personal Biofeedback

Behavior

Which of the following would be good strategies for successful behavior change for good health? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Continue to tackle more behavior change projects as time goes by. Lay out a long-range plan. Be inspired by the positive feelings you have about yourself as you see progress. Do NOT make changes in your action plan once they are set.

Continue to tackle more behavior change projects as time goes by. Lay out a long-range plan. Be inspired by the positive feelings you have about yourself as you see progress.

The dimension of wellness that corresponds to a willingness to try to understand the values held by different groups in society is __________ wellness.

Cultural

Using the SMART criteria, how might you set a goal to increase physical activity if you are currently out of shape? Multiple choice question. Every day after class, walk for as long as you can until you get tired. Run as fast as you can around the track every day. For the first week, walk briskly for 20 minutes every day. Sign up for a marathon that is two months away.

For the first week, walk briskly for 20 minutes every day.

What are reasons that a person's family health history is relevant to the person's health? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. Genes help regulate the body's chemical reactions. Genes help regulate the body's metabolic processes. Some families have weak genes that break down over time. Some health problems run in families.

Genes help regulate the body's chemical reactions. Genes help regulate the body's metabolic processes. Some health problems run in families.

The overall condition of body or mind and the presence or absence of illness and injury is called ______.

Health

Why is an active mind essential to wellness? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. It helps direct behavior. It helps prevent critical thinking. It helps detect problems. It helps find solutions to problems.

It helps direct behavior. It helps detect problems. It helps find solutions to problems.

Which of the following statements regarding interpersonal wellness are correct? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. It is also known as social wellness. It requires focusing on your own thoughts and feelings. It requires participating in your community and society. It is important to physical and emotional wellness.

It is also known as social wellness. It requires participating in your community and society. It is important to physical and emotional wellness.

Which statement about gender-based wellness factors is true? Multiple choice question. Women have higher rates of smoking than men do. In general, women earn more than men doing similar work. Men have higher rates of drinking alcohol than women do. Men and women do not differ in terms of body composition.

Men have higher rates of drinking alcohol than women do.

Which of the following statements is true about relapses as people move through the stages of change of the transtheoretical model? Multiple choice question. Each time a person relapses, the chance for success quickly diminishes. Advancing through the stages of change is best pictured as a straight line. Relapsing to an earlier stage is the equivalent of failure. Most people need to make several attempts before changing a behavior successfully.

Most people need to make several attempts before changing a behavior successfully.

Which of the following statements about health factors in rural areas is true? Multiple choice question. Those living in rural areas tend to be more proactive about preventive health care measures. People living in rural areas have better access to fresh foods and physical activity and are thus fitter and have fewer weight problems. People living in rural areas are less likely to be physically active. People living in rural areas suffer higher exposure to environmental toxins.

People living in rural areas are less likely to be physically active.

What actions should you take as you put your plan for behavior change into action? Multiple select question. Remember that you are in control of the behavior change. Stop noting your progress in a health journal. Reward yourself often. Get as much support as possible from supportive people.

Remember that you are in control of the behavior change. Reward yourself often. Get as much support as possible from supportive people.

______ is defined as the biological and physiological characteristics (in contrast to the behaviors) that define men and women.

Sex

You decide you want to change one particular behavior and focus your energies on changing that behavior. That behavior is defined as a(n)___________ behavior.

Target

What are characteristics of health insurance under the Affordable Care Act? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. The government regulates the health care plans offered on health exchanges. People who have an income below certain levels are eligible for government subsidies. Health exchanges help individuals obtain the coverage they need. Employers are not allowed to offer coverage to their employees.

The government regulates the health care plans offered on health exchanges. People who have an income below certain levels are eligible for government subsidies. Health exchanges help individuals obtain the coverage they need.

What does the term health typically refer to?

The overall condition of a person's body or mind

What is the characteristic feature of the precontemplation stage of the transtheoretical model of behavior change? Multiple choice question. The person is aware that there is a problem but has not yet made a commitment. The person intends to change their behavior but has not yet done so successfully. The person has no intention of changing their behavior. The person often generates internal monologues that interfere with their ability to change the behavior.

The person has no intention of changing their behavior.

What is the characteristic feature of the precontemplation stage of the transtheoretical model of behavior change? Multiple choice question. The person is aware that there is a problem but has not yet made a commitment. The person often generates internal monologues that interfere with their ability to change the behavior. The person has no intention of changing their behavior. The person intends to change their behavior but has not yet done so successfully.

The person has no intention of changing their behavior.

True or False. You should regularly reward yourself as you make progress in carrying out your plan of action for behavior change.

True

True or False: Diabetes is a special concern for many groups of American Indians.

True

True or false: The nine dimensions of wellness are interrelated.

True

Which of the following are true statements about behavior and behavior change? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. You likely have both healthy and unhealthy behaviors. Changing an unhealthy habit is easy if you truly want to succeed. Confidence will increase as you make progress and start taking charge of your life. Wellness involves cultivating healthy behaviors and overcoming unhealthy ones.

You likely have both healthy and unhealthy behaviors. Confidence will increase as you make progress and start taking charge of your life. Wellness involves cultivating healthy behaviors and overcoming unhealthy ones.

Which of the following are directly associated with interpersonal wellness? Multiple select question. a capacity for intimacy communication skills physical fitness a supportive network of friends

a capacity for intimacy, communication skills, a supportive network of friends

Which of the following would be an example of a health-related problem related to human biology rather than culture? Multiple choice question. malnutrition because of a lack of fresh produce failing to treat a tooth cavity because of dental fees cholera from drinking contaminated water a child born with Down's syndrome (a genetic disorder)

a child born with Down's syndrome (a genetic disorder)

The stress that an individual experiences from unsafe living conditions, such as air pollution or a high crime rate, is an example of ______ stress.

environmental

What would be an example of a cultural difference that may affect one's health? Multiple choice question. genetic predispositions family values personal preferences

family values

Which personal health behaviors would reduce the risk of a woman with a family history of breast cancer from developing the disease? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. avoiding thinking about the risk getting mammograms regularly controlling her weight exercising regularly

getting mammograms regularly controlling her weight exercising regularly

Which of the following would be good advice to give to a friend who is experiencing a relapse while trying to change his behavior? Multiple select question. change is not for everyone give yourself credit maybe you should just give up forgive yourself

give yourself credit forgive yourself

Latinos on average have lower rates of which of the following compared to the general population? Multiple select question. diabetes heart disease suicide cancer obesity

heart disease suicide cancer

Which of the following health disparities are of special concern among African Americans? Multiple select question. high blood pressure suicide asthma osteoporosis stroke diabetes obesity

high blood pressure asthma stroke diabetes obesity

To achieve optimum physical wellness, you should make choices to avoid which of the following? Multiple select question. fitness injury illness health

illness, injury

Match choice!! A highly competitive job

learning to manage stress

Compared to the general population, Asian Americans have lower rates of which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. lung cancer obesity cervical cancer coronary heart disease

obesity coronary heart disease

Which of the following are of special concern for Pacific Islander Americans? Multiple select question. obesity cervical cancer lack of health insurance smoking

obesity smoking

Which of the following are traits associated primarily with emotional wellness? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. self-acceptance optimism cynicism self-esteem

self-acceptance, optimism, self-esteem

You decide you want to change one particular behavior and focus your energies on changing that behavior. That behavior is defined _____________ as a(n) behavior.

target

Simone exercises regularly and eats organic food, but does not get enough sleep, drinks too much alcohol, and smokes. Simone wants to move in the direction of wellness and decides to start by quitting smoking. Smoking is thus defined as the ______.

target behavior

Which of the following is a method that provides an effective approach to changing behavior by stages? Multiple choice question. health change motivation the transtheoretical model the theory of reasoned action the attribution method

the transtheoretical model

Which of the following are ways of obtaining health insurance coverage in the United States? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. through a local library through a professional group through an employer through health exchanges

through a professional group through an employer through health exchanges

What is the primary goal of the SMART criteria? Multiple choice question. to focus on self-esteem rather than physical goals to establish challenging and difficult goals to spark motivation to establish easily achievable goals in order to feel successful to establish goals that are realistic and achievable

to establish goals that are realistic and achievable

Which two of the following statements about Asian Americans and their health, as compared to the general population, are true? Multiple select question. They have a lower rate of coronary heart disease. Southeast Asian American men have the lowest rates of smoking and lung cancer. Vietnamese women have higher rates of cervical cancer. They have higher rates of obesity.

They have a lower rate of coronary heart disease. Vietnamese women have higher rates of cervical cancer.

The complete set of genetic material in an individual's cells is known as ______. Multiple choice question. a gene protein chronic disease a genome

a genome

What is a long-term cost of an inactive lifestyle? Multiple select question. an increased likelihood of a good self-image a higher possibility of premature death a greater chance of having a stroke a larger risk of heart disease

a higher possibility of premature death a greater chance of having a stroke a larger risk of heart disease

Which of the following are directly associated with interpersonal wellness? Multiple select question. a supportive network of friends physical fitness communication skills a capacity for intimacy

a supportive network of friends communication skills a capacity for intimacy

How does access to health care help improve a person's life? Multiple select question. appropriate treatment of diseases elimination of any health risk factors preventive care additional household expenditure

appropriate treatment of diseases preventive care

How does access to health care help improve a person's life? Multiple select question. elimination of any health risk factors appropriate treatment of diseases additional household expenditure preventive care

appropriate treatment of diseases preventive care

Which of the following would be typical short-term benefits of an inactive lifestyle? Multiple select question. feeling more fit to help a friend move being able to use more social media getting to hang out more with friends having more time to watch videos

being able to use more social media getting to hang out more with friends having more time to watch videos

Which of the following are components of the contemplation stage of the transtheoretical model? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. being aware of the possible costs of behavior change knowing you have a problem behavior planning to take action to change behavior within a month identifying barriers to making a change

being aware of the possible costs of behavior change knowing you have a problem behavior identifying barriers to making a change

Telling yourself, "I wanted to exercise today, but my friends kept me at the mall too long," would be an example of ______. Multiple choice question. rationalizing time management blaming procrastinating

blaming

Which of the following are associated with intellectual wellness? Multiple select question. celebrating cultural differences challenging the mind discovering new things about oneself caring for others

challenging the mind

Match choice!! Living in a city with severe air pollution

choosing not to smoke

Match choice!! A family history of obesity

controlling body weight and exercising regularly

Pacific Islander Americans have a higher overall death rate than the general population and higher rates of which of the following? Multiple select question. diabetes heart disease asthma lung cancer

diabetes asthma

Pacific Islander Americans have a higher overall death rate than the general population and higher rates of which of the following? Multiple select question. lung cancer diabetes asthma heart disease

diabetes asthma

Compared to women, men are likelier to ______. Multiple choice question. develop Alzheimer's disease go to the doctor for regular exams die from suicide experience depression

die from suicide

Which of the following would not be a healthy habit? Multiple choice question. drinking 4--5 alcoholic drinks per day exercising 5 days a week eating a variety of fruits and vegetables every day meditating several hours a week

drinking 4--5 alcoholic drinks per day

Compared to the general population, which of the following health concerns are more prevalent among American Indians and Alaska Natives? Multiple select question. early death rates from cirrhosis early death rates from smoking death rates from heart disease death rates from stroke early death rates from alcohol use

early death rates from cirrhosis early death rates from smoking early death rates from alcohol use

Which of the following strongly correlate to an individual's life span? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. hair color education obesity drug use

education, obesity, drug use

Which the following behaviors is not associated with emotional wellness? Multiple choice question. having a desire to learn exploring your own thoughts and feelings identifying obstacles to emotional security building self-confidence

having a desire to learn

People in the precontemplation stage of the transtheoretical model may lack motivation for behavioral change due to ______. Multiple choice question. having a plan for change but worrying about failing maintaining their behaviour change for 6 months and relapsing wanting to take action but are unsure how to proceed having tried unsuccessfully to change in the past

having tried unsuccessfully to change in the past

What are the social and environmental factors called that affect the health of individuals, demographic groups, or entire populations?

health determinants

In the transtheoretical model, which of the following is not part of the contemplation stage of behavior change? Multiple choice question. making changes to discourage the unwanted behavior weighing the pros and cons of change trying to understand the problem deciding that within six months you'll do something about changing a problem behavior

making changes to discourage the unwanted behavior

Which of the following is not a dimension of wellness? Multiple choice question. interpersonal environmental emotional intellectual material

material

Which of the following are of special concern for Pacific Islander Americans? Multiple select question. obesity smoking cervical cancer lack of health insurance

obesity smoking

Telling yourself, "I should just wait and start my new exercise plan on Monday," would be an example of ______. Multiple choice question. blaming making changes procrastinating rationalizing

procrastinating

African American men are at significantly higher risk of ______ cancer than men in other groups. Multiple choice question. prostate gallbladder breast lung

prostate

In general, Americans living in which of the following areas are least likely to use seat belts, get screening tests, or have access to timely emergency services?

rural areas

Which of the following is not an example of an environmental factor that affects a person's wellness?

self-esteem

Which of the following are public health achievements that have led to an increased life expectancy among Americans? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. sewage treatment systems more people working sedentary desk jobs water purification measures control of infectious diseases

sewage treatment systems water purification measures control of infectious diseases

Defining a man as someone who has an XY pair of chromosomes would be identifying him by his ______. Multiple choice question. ethnicity disability gender sex

sex

Which of the following are of special concern for Pacific Islander Americans? Multiple select question. cervical cancer smoking obesity lack of health insurance

smoking obesity

Ethnicity, education level, and economic status are examples of ______ health determinants. Multiple choice question. physiological behavioral social psychological

social

The Latino population in the United States has a relatively low prevalence of which of the following health-related issues?

suicide

Which of the following are effective ways to promote wellness in the world? (Choose every correct answer.) Multiple select question. encouraging everyone to sleep less than what they are used to supporting nonsmoking policies for public places providing nonalcoholic drinks at parties asking for more nutritious foods

supporting nonsmoking policies for public places providing nonalcoholic drinks at parties asking for more nutritious foods

Which of the following are behaviors specifically associated with physical wellness? Multiple select question. taking care of yourself by eating well engaging in regular physical activity expressing a sense of humor demonstrating communication skills

taking care of yourself by eating well engaging in regular physical activity

Access to preventive health care is important because it provides a person with ______. Multiple choice question. surgery to repair broken bones treatment for long-term, chronic conditions vaccinations that can prevent infections screening tests to identify diseases in their final stages

vaccinations that can prevent infections

Access to preventive health care is important because it provides a person with ______. Multiple choice question. vaccinations that can prevent infections treatment for long-term, chronic conditions screening tests to identify diseases in their final stages surgery to repair broken bones

vaccinations that can prevent infections

Which of the following are behaviors directly associated with cultural wellness? Multiple choice question. diminishing the value of your own cultural identify valuing interactions with others who belong to a different ethnicity avoiding relationships with individuals who are different from you making use of stereotypes that are based on religion

valuing interactions with others who belong to a different ethnicity

All the following habits would be considered healthy except ______. Multiple choice question. meditating to reduce stress venting anger by snapping at people eating lean protein every day running a mile every morning

venting anger by snapping at people

Which of the following behaviors are mainly associated with intellectual wellness? Multiple select question. wanting to learn new things finding new mental challenges having a sense of meaning and purpose developing supportive relationships

wanting to learn new things finding new mental challenges