Chapter 1- The Sociological Perspective and Research Process

What is STEM?

Science, Technology, Engineering, Math

What did Harriet Martineau support?

She advocated of social change, encouraging greater racial and gender equality.

Why was Weber's wife important?

She was a important figure in the women's right movement in Germany, Marianne Weber

What is the definition of social statics and social dynamics?

Social Statics- forces for social order and stability Social dynamics- forces for conflict and change

What did Herbert Spencer believe in or what were his studies?

Spencer's Theory of General Evolution, society was like a biological organism, has various parts that work to ensure stability and survival, he also believed that societies develop through "struggle" and "fitness," vied society as social Darwinism

What is another book Durkheim wrote? S________

Suicide

What book did Durkheim wrote? What are the ideas behind it?

The Rules of Sociological Method, was the idea that societies are built on social facts

What is Social Darwinism?

The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle.

Who was Herbert Spencer?

Was a British social theorist, he contributed to sociology as an evolutionary perspective on social order and social change

Who is Max Weber?

Was a German social scientist, was concerned about the changes brought about the the industrial Revolution

What is positivism and who studied it?

a belief that the world can best be understood through scientific inquiry and Auguste Comte

What is society?

a large social grouping that shares the same geographical territory and is subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations

What is global interdependence?

a relationship in which the lives of all people are closely intertwined and any one nation's problems are part of a larger global problem

What is social construction?

asserts that all meaning is socially created.

In lower- and middle income countries, the rate of male suicides is ___ times that of women.

1.5

What is the highest rate of suicide among age?

70 and over

Who is Emile Durkheim?

A French sociologist, stressed that people are the product of their social environment and that behavior cannot be understand fully in terms of individal but as a whole, you have to understand both

Who is Georg Simmel?

A German sociologist, was focusing on how society is a web of patterned interactions among different based on the size of the social group.

Which of the following terms was coined by sociologist C. Wright Mills to refer to the ability to see the relationship between individual experiences and the larger society? a. Positivism b. Anomie c. Sociological imagination d. Social Darwinism

c. Sociological imagination

Sociology is defined as the _____________ a. systematic study of human society and social interaction. b. academic discipline that examines the political behavior of individuals. c. systematic study of culture from a historical perspective. d. scientific analysis of mental processes

A.

Which of the following is the most widely used research method in the social sciences to study people's attitudes and beliefs? a. A survey b. An experiment c. Participant observation d. Ethnography

A.

__________ theory that societies contain social statics and social dynamics.

Auguste Comte

Interest in the systematic study of people's behavior and beliefs took hold during the nineteenth century in response to a. economic prosperity. b. industrialization and urbanization. c. religious influences. d. a focus on arts and humanities.

B

Unlike researchers who conduct quantitative research, researchers who conduct qualitative research are more likely to a. use a larger sample. b. collect and analyze data simultaneously. c. gather data in a laboratory setting. d. use statistical analysis.

B.

Which of the following is a guideline set forth by the American Sociological Association's Code of Ethics for conducting research? a. Researchers can share participant information as long as it is not privileged. b. Researchers must disclose all interpretations of the data they collect. c. Researchers should refrain from disclosing sources of financial support. d. Researchers must obtain informed consent from all participants under the age of 18.

B.

Quantitative research is likely to involve a. subjectivity. b. interpretive descriptions. c. complex statistical techniques. d. analysis of underlying meanings and patterns.

C.

Which of the following research methods studies social life in its natural setting by observing and interviewing people where they live, work, and play? a. A survey b. Secondary analysis c. Field research d. An experiment

C.

Durkheim is one of the founding figures in the ______________ tradition and _______________

functionalist theoretical tradition and symbolic internationalism

What is Commonsense Knowledge

guides ordinary conduct in everyday life

What is industrialization?

is the process by which societies are transformed from dependence on agriculture and handmade products to the relation to industries

What is anomie?

lack of social norms

What is sociological imagination?

the ability to see the relationship between individual experiences and the larger society

What is urbanization?

the movement of people to cities

What is the proletariat or working class?

those who must sell their labor because they have no means to earn a livelihood.

What is capitalist class?

those who own and control the means of production

In higher-income countries, the rate of male suicides is ___ times that of women.

three

Marx's theory of society is based on the belief that a. people are the product of their social environment. b. the evolution of society follows the concept of "survival of the fittest." c. society comprises social statics and social dynamics. d. conflict between different economic classes is necessary to produce social change.

D.

Which of the following theoretical perspectives states that societies develop social structures, or institutions, that persist because they play a part in helping society survive? a. The postmodern perspective b. The symbolic interactionist perspective c. The conflict perspective d. The functionalist perspective

D.

Who was Karl Marx?

German economist and philosopher, is a revolutionist, stressed that history is a continuous clash between conflicting ideas and forces,

What are social facts?

ways of thinking and acting formed by society that are immutable/timeless

What were the ideas Max Weber had?

He disagreed with Marx's idea that economics is the central force in social change, he believed economic interest is important in shaping human action. He emphasized that sociology should be value free

Who was Auguste Comte?

He was a French philosopher, coined the term "sociology," he is somewhat considered the "founder of sociology," inspired by the french revolution

What was Georg Simmel book about?

It described how social interactions are different based on the size of the social group. Interaction patterns differ between a dyad social and a triad because of communication

What is class conflict?

Marx's term for the struggle between capitalists and workers

What is MCAT?

Medical College Admission Test

What are two dimensions that positivism has?

Methodological and social/ political

What counties are in the high, middle, and low income?

New York, China, Congo