Chapter 1

In general, you should give appropriate care to an injured or ill person until one or more of the following occurs;

-You are giving cpr and see an obvious sign of lief, such as breathing -Another trained responder or EMS personnel take over -You are too exhausted to continue -The scene becomes unsafe -The person you are helping is conscious and competent and ask you to stop giving care

Signals of incident stress

-anxiousness and inability to sleep -nightmares -Restlessness and other problems -confusion -Lower attention span -poor concentration -Denial -guilt -depression -anger -nausea -Change in interactions with others -increased or decreased eating -uncharacteristic, excessive humor or silence -unusual behavior -difficulty performing one's job

Preparing for an emergency

1. First aid training 2. purchasing a first aid kit

Unusual sights

A stopped vehicle on the roadside or a car that run off the road Downed electrical wires A person lying motionless Spilled medication or an empty medication container An overturned pot in the kitchen Sparks, smoke or fire.

Describe two types of emergencies that require first aid?

1. Injury: damage to the body from an external force, such as broken bone from a fall. 2. Sudden Illness: is a physical condition that requires immediate medical attention.

List seven commons barriers to act that may prevent people from responding to emergencies.

1. panic or fear of doing something wrong 2. Being unsure of the person's condition and what to do. 3. Assuming someone else will take action 4. the type of injury or illness 5. fear of disease 6. fear of being sued 7. Being unsure of when to call 911 or the local emergency number.

Lay responder

A layperson (someone who does not have special or advanced medial training or skill) who recognizes an emergency and decides to act. 1. Recognizing that an emergency exists 2. Deciding to act 3. Activation the EMS system by calling 911 or the local emergency number 4. giving care until medical help arrives and takes over.

Emergency medical services (EMS) system

A network of community resources and medical personnel that provides emergency care to people who are injured or suddenly become ill.

Emergency medical responder (EMR)

A person trained in emergency care who may be called on to give such care as a routine part of his or her job until more advanced medical personnel take over. They have basic knowledge and sills needed to provide emergency care to people who are injured or who have become ill.

Advanced emergency medical technician (AEMT)

A person trained in emergency care, with the additional training to allow insertion of IVs, administration of medications, performance of advanced airway procedures, and setting up and assessing of electrocardiograms

Emergency medical technician (EMT)

A person who has successfully completed a state-approved EMT training program; EMTs take over care for the less-trained responder at the emergency scene, and work on stabilizing and preparing the patient for transport; formerly referred to as EMT-Basic.

Paramedic

A person with more in depth training than an AEMT; paramecia can perform all of the duties of an AEMT plus have more knowledge about more invasive procedures than any other prehospital care provider; formerly referred to as EMT-Paramedic

Sudden illness

A physical condition requiring immediate medical attention

Emergency

A situation requiring immediate action.

Non-life threatening emergency

A situation that does not have an immediate impact on a person's ability to circulate oxygenated blood but still requires medical attention.

Emergency medical dispatcher (EMD)

A telecommunicator who has received special training to respond to a request for medical services via 911 or local emergency number and to allocate appropriate resources to the scene of an emergency.

Life-threatening emergency

An illness or injury that impairs a person's ability to circulate oxygenated blood to all the parti of his or her body.

Identify the most important action(s )you can take in an emergency.

Calling 911 or the local emergency number is the most important action you and other lay responders can take in an emergency.

Certification

Credentialing at the local levee; usually entails completing a probationary period and updating and or recertification to cover changing knowledge and skills.

Injury

Damage that occurs when the body is subjected to an external force, such as a blow, a fall, a collision, an electrical current or temperature extremes.

Prehospital care

Emergency medical care provided before a person arrives at a hospital or medical facility. emergency medical responders, emergency medial technicians, advanced emergency medical technicians and paramedics.

First aid

Immediate crd given to a person with an injury or sudden illness until more advanced care can be obtained.

Coping with incident stress

Incident stress may require professional help to prevent pot-traumatic stress from developing. Other things that can help to reduces stress include using relaxation techniques, eating a balanced diet, avoiding alcohol and drugs, getting enough rest and participating in some type of physical exercise or activity.

Good Samaritan laws

Laws that protect people who willingly give first aid without accepting anything in return.

Unusual odors

Odors that are stronger than usual Unrecognizable odors Inappropriate odors

Barriers to act

Reasons for not acting or for hesitation to act in an emergency situation -Panic or fear of doing something wrong -being unsure of the person's condition and what to do -Assuming someone else will take action -The type of injury or illness -Fear of disease -Fear of being sued -Being unsure of when to call 911 or the local emergency number.

Describe your role in an emergency?

Recognizing that an emergency exists, Deciding to act, Activating the EMS system by calling 911 or the local emergency number, and giving care until medical help arrives and takes over.

Identify five ways bystanders can help a the scene of an emergency.

Should give appropriate care to an injured or ill person until one or more of the following occurs: 1. You are giving CPR and see an obvious sing of life, such as breathing 2. Another trained responder or EMS personnel take over. 3. You are too exhausted to continue 4. The scene becomes unsafe. 5. The person you are helping is conscious and competent and asks you to stop giving care.

Incident stress

Sometimes, people who have given first aid or perfumed CPR in theses situations feel theta they are unable to cope with the stress. "incident stress" If not appropriately managed, this acute stress may lead to a serious condition called pot-traumatic stress disorder.

Recognizing an emergency

The ability to recognize that an emergency has occurred the firs tope toward taking appropriate action. You may become aware of an emergency from certain indicators including; 1. Unusual noises 2. Unusual sights 3. Unusual odors 4. Unusual appearances or behaviors

Giving help until stress arrives

There are many action you, other lay responder or bystanders can take before EMS personnel arrive. Always follow the pre-arrival instructions provided by the EMD.

Emergency medical services (EMS) personnel

Trained and equipped community-based personnel who provide emergency care for injured or ill persons and who are often dispatched through 911 or the local emergency number.

Unusual appearance or behavior

Unconsciousness confusion, drowsiness or unusual behavior trouble breathing Sudden collapse, slip or fall Clutching the chest or throat A person doubled over in pain Slurred, confused or hesitant speech Sweating or no apparent reason Uncharacteristic skin color inability to move a body part.

Recognize the signals of incident stress and when you may need help to cope.

anxiousness and inability to sleep, nightmares, restlessness and other problems, confusion, lower attention span, poor concentration, denial, guilt, depression, anger, nausea, change in interactions with other, increased or decreased eating, uncharacteristic, excessive humor or silence, unusual behavior, and difficulty performing one's job. --Incident stress may require professional help, use relaxation techniques, eating balance diet, avoiding alcohol, and drugs, getting enough rest and participating in some type of physical exercise or activity.

injury

is damage to the body from an external force, such as broken bone from a fall

First aid training

provides you with both the knowledge and skills necessary to respond confidently to emergency situations.

Unusual noises

screaming, moaning, yelling or calling for help Breaking glass, crashing metal or screeching tires A change in sounds made by machinery or equipment Sudden, loud noises, such as the sound of a collapsing building or falling lade unusual silence