Chapter 1 - Welcome to Assembly Language

What does the following statement imply about assembly language syntax checking? "Most rules in assembly language are based on physical limitations of the target processor and its machine language."

? Variable types correspond to standard hardware data sizes, but their contents are not validated in any other way.

binary

A _________ integer is an integer stored in memory in its raw format, ready to be used in a calculation. Binary integers are stored in multiples of 8 bits (such as 8, 16, 32, or 64).

Unicode

A character encoding system that defines numeric codes (called code points) for characters, symbols, and punctuation used in all major written languages

binary-coded decimal (BCD)

A number format that encodes one or two decimal digits in each binary byte

assembly language

A programming language with a one-to-one correspondence to machine instructions

Explain the concept of portability as it applies to programming languages.

A source program written in the language can be compiled and run on any target operating system with minimal changes.

binary digit string

A string of binary digits represented as ASCII characters 10001010

ASCII digit string

A string of digits represented as ASCII characters

ASCII string

A succession of bytes containing ASCII codes

assembler

A utility program that converts assembly language source code into machine language

What is meant by a one-to-many relationship when comparing a high-level language to machine language?

Each high-level language statement matches multiple machine language statements.

the 7th bit, where the numbering starts from 0th index

In an 8-bit binary number, which is the most significant bit (MSB)?

How will studying assembly language enhance your understanding of operating systems?

It lets you learn about the interaction between computer hardware, operating systems, and application programs.

ASCII control characters

Special character codes that control positioning within a page, such as line feed, tab, and form feed

virtual machine

The _________ __________ concept is an effective way of showing how each layer in a computer architecture represents an abstraction of a machine.

ASCII

_______ is an acronym for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. In ________, a unique 7-bit integer is assigned to each character. Because _______ codes use only the lower 7 bits of every byte, the extra bit is used on various computers to create a proprietary character set. On IBM-compatible microcomputers, for example, values 128 through 255 represent graphic symbols and Greek characters.

Which of the following is the decimal representation of the unsigned binary integer 11001010? a. 202 b. 302 c. 422 d. None of the other answers are correct

a. 202

Which of the following are the hexadecimal representations of the binary numbers 0011 0101 1101 1010 and 1100 1110 1010 0011? a. 35DA and CEA3 b. 35DA and CEB3 c. 35EA and CEA3 d. None of the other answers are correct

a. 35DA and CEA3

Why do translated programs usually execute more quickly than interpreted ones? a. An interpreted program must pause before each statement executes to wait for it to be translated to machine code. b. A translated program must pause before each statement executes to wait for it to be translated to machine code. c. An interpreted program usually contains more statements, making it larger and slower to read in memory. d. A translated program contains statements that directly access hardware locations.

a. An interpreted program must pause before each statement executes to wait for it to be translated to machine code.

Name the four virtual machine levels named in this section, from lowest to highest. a. digital logic, instruction set architecture, assembly language, high-level language b. instruction set architecture, assembly language, high-level language, digital logic c. digital logic, assembly language, instruction set architecture, high-level language d. high-level language, assembly language, digital logic, instruction set architecture

a. digital logic, instruction set architecture, assembly language, high-level language

Which of the following is the decimal representation of the unsigned binary integer 11111000? a. 238 b. 248 c. 278 d. None of the other answers are correct

b. 248

Which of the following statements correctly explains the importance of translation when dealing with languages at different virtual machine levels? a. An entire L0 program is converted into an L1 program by an L1 program specifically designed for this purpose. Then the resulting L0 program is executed directly on the computer hardware. b. An entire L1 program is converted into an L0 program by an L0 program specifically designed for this purpose. Then the resulting L0 program is executed directly on the computer hardware. c. An entire L2 program is converted into an L1 program by an L0 program specifically designed for this purpose. Then the resulting L1 program is executed directly on the computer hardware. d. None of the given descriptions are correct.

b. An entire L1 program is converted into an L0 program by an L0 program specifically designed for this purpose. Then the resulting L0 program is executed directly on the computer hardware.

What are the minimum numbers of binary bits needed to represent the unsigned decimal integers 65 and 409? a. 65 requires 8 bits and 409 requires 10 bits b. 65 requires 6 bits and 409 requires 8 bits c. 65 requires 7 bits and 409 requires 9 bits

c. 65 requires 7 bits and 409 requires 9 bits

Statements at the assembly language level of a virtual machine are translated into statements at which other level? a. Level 1 (Machine language) b. Level 0 (Digital logic) c. Level 2 (Instruction Set Architecture)

c. Level 2 (Instruction Set Architecture)

Name two types of applications that would be better suited to assembly language than a high-level language. a. customer-oriented and scientific applications b. graphical user interfaces and device drivers c. device drivers and high-performance graphics d. portable applications for scientific and financial processing

c. device drivers and high-performance graphics

Which of the following is the binary representation of the hexadecimal number A4693FBC? a. 1010 0100 0111 1001 0011 1111 1011 1100 b. 1010 0100 0110 1001 0111 1111 1011 1100 c. 1010 0110 0110 1001 0011 1101 1011 1100 d. 1010 0100 0110 1001 0011 1111 1011 1100

d. 1010 0100 0110 1001 0011 1111 1011 1100

In the expression ¬ Y ∧ Z , the NOT operation executes after the AND operation. true or false

false

What is the value of the Boolean expression ¬(F ∨ T)? true or false

false

In the expression X ∨ Y ∧ Z, the OR operation executes before the AND operation. true or false

true

What is the value of the Boolean expression (T ∧ F) ∨ T? true or false

true

What is the value of the Boolean expression ¬F ∨ ¬T? true or false

true

When an interpreted program written in language L1 runs, each of its instructions is decoded and executed by a program written in language L0. true or false

true