Chapter 1

Bottled water in the United States is held to high levels of quality by the government. Select one: True False

False

Despite gene flows through migration, most modern ethnic groups possess a discrete set of biological characteristics. Select one: True False

False

European colonization prevented the spread of Roman Catholicism. Select one: True False

False

Extractive resources include brainpower and skills. Select one: True False

False

Gender roles that designate females as second-class citizens are rare in societies outside of North America. Select one: True False

False

Geographers endeavor to be sensitive and tolerant of all cultural practices, no matter how cruel or inhumane they may seem. Select one: True False

False

Highly resilient cities, such as New York, are not vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Select one: True False

False

In warm air, the gas molecules are relatively dense and are associated with high air pressure. Select one: True False

False

It is easy to agree on all of the features of a culture, such as American culture. Select one: True False

False

Language is not a significant delineator of cultural regions. Select one: True False

False

Most world regions are defined by the same set of indicators. Select one: True False

False

Oceanic plates are thicker and less dense than continental plates. Select one: True False

False

Physical geography is the study of various aspects of human life that create the distinctive landscapes and regions of the world. Select one: True False

False

Prices of fair trade goods are usually lower than the prices of free trade goods. Select one: True False

False

Privatization of water is happening primarily in developed countries. Select one: True False

False

Spatial analysis is the art and science of making maps. Select one: True False

False

Subsistence economies are more likely to have good health care than cash economies. Select one: True False

False

The United Nations has limited legal authority and often can enforce its rulings only through persuasion. Select one: True False

False

The birth rates in societies that have experienced a shift from a subsistence-based to cash-based economy tend to rise because couples in the latter economy are able to generate sufficient wealth to support more children. Select one: True False

False

The monsoon is an example of dry arctic air being blown by currents into otherwise moist regions. Select one: True False

False

The processes of plate tectonics are external processes that form landscapes, whereas the processes of weathering and erosion are internal processes that further shape landforms and landscapes. Select one: True False

False

The volume of water that a person directly uses in a year is called virtual water. Select one: True False

False

Although cultures may share some core beliefs, they may also disagree on a number of other values. Select one: True False

True

As education rates for women increase, total fertility rates tend to decrease. Select one: True False

True

Better-educated people tend to want a stronger voice in how they are governed. Select one: True False

True

Cultural diversity provides a bank of possible strategies for responding to the challenges facing the human species. Select one: True False

True

Currently, the rate of population growth is slowing globally. Select one: True False

True

During the past century, the English language has emerged as the most important language of international trade. Select one: True False

True

For most urban shantytown dwellers, coping with limited access to water and sanitation is a persistent challenge. Select one: True False

True

Geographers do not necessarily advocate for democracy as the best system of government. Select one: True False

True

Geographers like to use region as a conceptual model because it offers a reasonable way to divide the world into manageable parts. Select one: True False

True

In a Robinson projection, the shapes of landmasses are slightly distorted. Select one: True False

True

In general, the developing nations are more vulnerable to the effects of global warming than the developed nations. Select one: True False

True

In most societies for most of history, men have been expected to play public roles and women have been expected to play private roles. Select one: True False

True

Lines of longitude on a map run from pole to pole. Select one: True False

True

Low air pressure is associated with warm air temperatures. Select one: True False

True

Nearly 90 percent of Earth's population lives north of the equator. Select one: True False

True

Poor migrants to some cities usually find themselves living in a favela or tent village. Select one: True False

True

Production that occurs in the informal sector does not contribute to the tax revenues of governments. Select one: True False

True

Regions with slow population growth tend to be more affluent. Select one: True False

True

Religion has been used to wield power. Select one: True False

True

The climate of an area in a rain shadow is dry. Select one: True False

True

The moral codes of various world religions, such as Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism, are part of culture. Select one: True False

True

The population pyramid for a population that is getting younger would be wider at the bottom than at the top. Select one: True False

True

The so-called Cold War involving the United States and the Soviet Union provides an example of geopolitics. Select one: True False

True

The spread of a particular religion can often be seen along historical trade routes. Select one: True False

True

The work of geographers is similar to other scientists except that they tend to look at problems spatially. Select one: True False

True

The Koppen classification system divides the world into climate regions labeled: Select one: a.A, B, C, D, E. b.I, II, III, IV, V. c.i, ii, iii, iv, v. d.q, v, x, y, z.

a.A, B, C, D, E.

The center of Pangaea is thought to have been modern-day: Select one: a.Africa. b.North America. c.South America. d.Australia.

a.Africa.

Which statement is NOT a positive ripple effect of developing countries investing more resources in the education of females? Select one: a.Educated women are more likely to migrate to another country. b.The children of educated women are more likely to finish secondary school. c.The children of educated women are healthier. d.Educated women have fewer children, which helps the family financially.

a.Educated women are more likely to migrate to another country.

Which problem is NOT among those that arise from the use of gross domestic product (GDP) as a measure of societal and human well-being? Select one: a.It overemphasizes social aspects of well-being at the expense of economic aspects. b.It does not reflect the distribution of wealth in a given population. c.It does not account for differences in purchasing power across the world. d.It does not include the goods and services produced in the informal economy.

a.It overemphasizes social aspects of well-being at the expense of economic aspects.

The BEST term to describe life in a favela would be: Select one: a.crowded. b.affluent. c.peaceful. d.convenient.

a.crowded.

The development of food production has undergone a series of changes, starting with hunting and gathering; moving through labor-intensive, small-scale agriculture; and moving on to _____ and organic farming in the present day. Select one: a.large-scale commercial agriculture b.family farms c.a stronger emphasis on meat and animal husbandry d.crop rotation

a.large-scale commercial agriculture

Possible results of global warming do NOT include: Select one: a.multinational corporations abruptly pulling out of developing nations. b.the disappearance of animal and plant species. c.more chaotic and severe weather. d.human populations displaced from coastal areas and low-lying islands.

a.multinational corporations abruptly pulling out of developing nations.

Experts agree that certain factors must be present for democratization to flourish. These factors do NOT include: Select one: a.political dynasties and inherited wealth. b.broad-based prosperity. c.an educated population. d.the presence of social institutions that encourage a sense of unity and purpose.

a.political dynasties and inherited wealth.

The key goal of an import quota is to: Select one: a.protect domestic industries from foreign competition. b.stimulate free trade. c.encourage the development of favelas. d.tax imported goods.

a.protect domestic industries from foreign competition.

The push/pull phenomenon of urbanization pushes people out of _____ and pulls them into _____. Select one: a.rural areas; cities b.farms; manufacturing c.singlehood; parenthood d.one country; a different country

a.rural areas; cities

Which term refers to the relationship between the distances shown on the map and the actual distances on Earth's surface? Select one: a.scale b.spatial analysis c.cartography d.regional geography

a.scale

Which factor does NOT impact a place's vulnerability to climate change? Select one: a.size b.resilience c.sensitivity d.exposure

a.size

What mechanisms have national governments used to protect their economies and industries from foreign competition? Select one: a.tariffs and import quotas b.free trade blocs and export subsidies c.investment restrictions and increasing the value of their currency d.antitrust laws and import quotas

a.tariffs and import quotas

Given the differential heating and cooling rates of land and water, which land area is more likely to experience the MOST extreme change in temperature and air pressure over a year? Select one: a.the interior of a vast landmass b.a small island c.a long, narrow peninsula d.a wide river delta

a.the interior of a vast landmass

Culture is NOT represented and communicated by: Select one: a.wind patterns. b.social arrangements. c.ideas. d.materials.

a.wind patterns.

How much water does the average human require daily to meet basic domestic needs? Select one: a.10-15 liters b.20-50 liters c.50-75 liters d.75-100 liters

b.20-50 liters

Through which ocean does the longitude line at 180° run? Select one: a.Atlantic b.Pacific c.Indian d.Arctic

b.Pacific

Which statement is TRUE regarding political freedoms post Arab Spring? Select one: a.Massive public demonstrations did little in regard to turning over power in the region. b.Responses to the Arab Spring included both political reforms and extreme repression. c.Demonstrations in Egypt resulted in the peaceful democratic election of a reform party, and it has been peaceful ever since. d.Demonstrations in Syria resulted in the peaceful democratic election of a reform party, and it has been peaceful ever since.

b.Responses to the Arab Spring included both political reforms and extreme repression.

_____ refers to the biological category of male or female, while _____ refers to the differences between the sexes as defined by a particular social group. Select one: a.Gender; sex b.Sex; gender c.Sex; discrimination d.Gender; sex roles

b.Sex; gender

Suppose that a country's population pyramid is truly pyramid shaped, with a wide band at the bottom and a much narrower band at the top. What is the BEST description of the population of this country? Select one: a.There are many more women than men in the country. b.There are many more very young people than very old people in the country. c.The country's total fertility rate is probably about 1.5. d.The country is experiencing a low rate of migration.

b.There are many more very young people than very old people in the country.

_____ refers to short-term changes in temperature and other factors, while _____ is a long-term balance of temperature and precipitation. Select one: a.Climate; weather b.Weather; climate c.Meteorology; weather d.Global warming; climate change

b.Weather; climate

Arguments against free trade do NOT include that free trade: Select one: a.leads to job loss in more developed countries. b.causes greater migration from wealthy countries to developing countries. c.leads to an increase in global wealth disparity. d.causes companies to manufacture products in countries without environmental regulations in order to lower costs.

b.causes greater migration from wealthy countries to developing countries.

When plates slip past each other, the result is a(n): Select one: a.volcano eruption. b.earthquake. c.mountain. d.lake.

b.earthquake.

The globe is divided into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres at the: Select one: a.International Date Line. b.equator. c.Tropic of Cancer. d.Tropic of Capricorn.

b.equator.

According to the theory of plate tectonics, continental drift is caused by: Select one: a.climate change in the upper atmosphere. b.molten rock flowing from hot regions deep inside Earth to cooler surface regions and back. c.the smashing together of oceanic plates. d.the collision of an oceanic plate with a continental plate.

b.molten rock flowing from hot regions deep inside Earth to cooler surface regions and back.

Which activity does NOT contribute to increased levels of greenhouse gas emissions? Select one: a.electricity generation b.photosynthesis c.large-scale raising of pasture animals d.automotive vehicles

b.photosynthesis

Between 1945 and 2015, Earth's population: Select one: a.roughly doubled. b.roughly tripled. c.remained mostly constant. d.decreased dramatically.

b.roughly tripled.

Approximately how many languages are spoken on Earth today? Select one: a.1000-1500 b.2000-2500 c.2500-3500 d.4000-5000

c.2500-3500

Which statement about the United Nations is TRUE? Select one: a.It focuses on the development of socialist-type economies. b.It possesses its own standing army that is larger than any other except China's. c.Its rulings pertaining to nation-states are enforced mainly through economic sanctions. d.It consists of all developed countries except those from the former Soviet bloc.

c.Its rulings pertaining to nation-states are enforced mainly through economic sanctions.

Which question is MOST commonly asked by political ecologists? Select one: a.What is the best form of government for this particular country? b.How can the voting systems of this particular nation be improved? c.Who benefits most from economic development projects? d.How can a nation increase its GDP per capita through educational initiatives?

c.Who benefits most from economic development projects?

Which occurrence is typical of a shift from a subsistence to cash economy? Select one: a.Education becomes less important to one's income-earning potential. b.Birth rates increase because parents can support more children. c.Young children become an economic drain on the family. d.Children are increasingly depended on to provide care for the elderly.

c.Young children become an economic drain on the family.

The MOST common way for shantytown dwellers across the globe to get water is through: Select one: a.a household faucet. b.streams running on the outskirts of the city. c.a communal spigot. d.purified water sent in by global relief agencies.

c.a communal spigot.

Which example illustrates a transaction taking place in the informal economy? Select one: a.a company paying a payroll tax for each employee b.a government agency offering a contract to the lowest bidder c.a housekeeper who is paid in cash and does not report her income d.a small U.S. company outsourcing tech support work to a company in India

c.a housekeeper who is paid in cash and does not report her income

The Pangaea hypothesis proposes that: Select one: a.the early indigenous Pangaea people of the North American continent once ruled the world. b.life originated on the moon (then called Pangaea) and was brought to Earth on particles during a meteor shower. c.all continents were once joined in a single content called Pangaea. d.Earth was originally covered with the Pangaea Ocean before the continents rose out of the water.

c.all continents were once joined in a single content called Pangaea.

Ethnic cleansing is sometimes a euphemism for: Select one: a.religious dissent. b.gender discrimination. c.genocide. d.racial conflict.

c.genocide.

Which factor is NOT a result of fair trade policies? Select one: a.elimination of profits for intermediaries/middlemen b.improved working conditions for laborers c.increased investor profits d.living wages for workers

c.increased investor profits

A problem with the concept of culture is that: Select one: a.it is not a term commonly used by geographers. b.the United Nations has questioned its validity. c.it is applied to large groups that share only the most general of characteristics. d.it is considered racially divisive and old-fashioned in an era of increased tolerance.

c.it is applied to large groups that share only the most general of characteristics.

The rising levels of greenhouse gases (e.g., carbon dioxide) in the atmosphere are attributable to: Select one: a.subsistence agricultural practices. b.increasing rate of seawater evaporation. c.large-scale burning of fossil fuels. d.global reforestation efforts.

c.large-scale burning of fossil fuels.

The leading cause of death among girls between the ages of 15 and 19 worldwide is: Select one: a.food poisoning. b.lack of drinking water. c.pregnancy. d.heart disease.

c.pregnancy.

To fit the spherical Earth onto a flat map, a Mercator projection: Select one: a.flattens the Earth like an orange peel. b.shows lines of longitude curving up toward the poles. c.stretches out the poles, depicting them with lines equal to the length of the equator. d.perfectly represents the shapes of landmasses.

c.stretches out the poles, depicting them with lines equal to the length of the equator.

Through which landscape process is rock broken down into smaller pieces? Select one: a.mass wasting b.deposition c.weathering d.erosion

c.weathering

Suppose that a country has a birth rate of 31 per 1000, and a death rate of 4 per 1000. This country's rate of natural increase is: Select one: a.12 percent. b.27 percent. c.7.75 percent. d.2.7 percent.

d.2.7 percent.

Which statement is NOT an example of a geographic inquiry? Select one: a.How did a group of people come to occupy a particular place? b.How have people modified the physical aspects of a place to suit their needs? c.How have people contributed to a particular environmental problem? d.All of the above are examples of geographical inquiry.

d.All of the above are examples of geographical inquiry.

Which organization is a regional trade bloc? Select one: a.United Nations (UN) b.North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) c.International Monetary Fund (IMF) d.Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

d.Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Reasons for concern regarding the use of GM crops do NOT include that: Select one: a.GM crops could cause catastrophic crop failure. b.GM seeds are much more expensive than traditional seed. c.GM crops could cause unintended environmental degradation. d.GM seeds are widely used in Europe.

d.GM seeds are widely used in Europe.

The prime meridian runs from the North Pole to the South Pole through: Select one: a.New York City, USA. b.Berlin, Germany. c.London, England. d.Greenwich, England.

d.Greenwich, England.

Suppose that Country A has a TFR of 4.5 and Country B has a TFR of 1.3. Which statement BEST summarizes the population trend in these countries? Select one: a.There is a higher birth rate in Country B than in Country A. b.More people are migrating from Country A than from Country B. c.The rate of natural increase in Country A is higher than in Country B. d.More babies are being born in Country A than in Country B.

d.More babies are being born in Country A than in Country B.

According to the textbook, which statement is TRUE about racial differences among humans? Select one: a.Race has been used as a justification for exploitation in many different regions of the world. b.Racial markings are significant in explaining the internal biological differences among humans. c.Racism originated in present-day England, and the ideas spread through colonization. d.Race determines the many different subspecies of the human race.

d.Race determines the many different subspecies of the human race.

An unintended effect of a society's preference for boys over girls can be: Select one: a.fewer artists in the society. b.a loss of family traditions. c.a weakened educational system. d.a shortage of marriageable women.

d.a shortage of marriageable women.

In defining a region, geographers might do NOT into account: Select one: a.political boundaries. b.physical characteristics. c.cultural characteristics. d.literary history.

d.literary history.

Which factor is NOT an example of a human resource? Select one: a.a body of knowledge b.brainpower and analytical thinking c.skills such as building and design d.steel

d.steel

Water scarcity is NOT the result of: Select one: a.population growth. b.increased per capita demand for water due to modernization. c.inequitable allocation of water. d.sustainable farming initiatives.

d.sustainable farming initiatives.

What feature on the physical landscape CANNOT be explained by the theory of plate tectonics? Select one: a.the Pacific Ring of Fire b.Mount Pinatubo (volcano) c.Pangaea d.the Mississippi River delta

d.the Mississippi River delta