Chapter 10

John Quincy Adams supported __________ as his secretary of state.

Henry Clay

The Board for the Emigration, Preservation, and Improvement of Aborigines of America argued that Native Americans were __________ for contact with white civilization and that removing them was __________.

ill-equipped; humane

The __________ led the way in expanding white male suffrage.

new, less settled states

When the election of 1824 was held, __________ claimed a majority of the popular vote.

no. candidate

The Indian people that resisted removal the longest were the

Seminoles

The mysterious disappearance and presumed murder of __________ in 1826 galvanized popular opposition to Masonic societies.

William Morgan

In 1831 Antimasons held the first open presidential nominating convention, choosing __________ of Maryland as their candidate.

William Wirt

Andrew Jackson was elected by

a strong cross section of voters who identified with his stance as an outsider to eastern elites.

In the Transcontinental Treaty of 1819, Spain ceded __________ to the United States in return for the U.S. government's agreement to assume private American claims against Spain in the amount of about $5 million.

all of Florida

The Monroe Doctrine indicated the United States' desire to

avoid entanglements in European wars.

In Jackson's view, treaties with Native Americans served only to make it easy for Indians to __________ United States settlers.

butcher

In the 1820s, ordinary citizens—such as backwoodsmen, settlers, and squatters—began to mistrust the government and felt abandoned to the wiles of the wealthy.

true

James Monroe was the third Virginian in a row to hold the office of President of the United States—the fourth Virginian of only five presidents total.

true

Led by Henry Clay, the new nationalists fashioned a vision of a Republican political economy based on individual entrepreneurial and market development (including domestic manufacturing), guided by the active involvement of the federal government.

true

Supporters of Andrew Jackson charged, with reason, that the election of 1824 had been stolen in a "corrupt bargain" brokered by political insiders who flagrantly disregarded the clear will of the electorate.

true

Territorial expansion raised the question of suffrage because settlers who owned little more than the mortgages on their land saw themselves as the chief embodiment of the republican spirit; they wanted their votes to count as much as the votes of the wealthy.

true

The Monroe Doctrine applied to the Americas—but within that context, only to Central and South America and, within that context, only to new republics formed by mixed European-American populations.

true

The difference between John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson concerned when federal government could claim the authority of the American people and when the government overstepped its authority.

true

All of the following men epitomized the National Republican Party except

John Adams

All of the following accusations were made during the presidential campaign of 1828 except

Andrew Jackson was an elitist

After legal appeals to the Supreme Court and several years of resistance, the __________ were removed from their native eastern lands in a forced march that became known as the Trail of Tears; they were driven off their homelands to what is now eastern __________.

Cherokee; Oklahoma.

The Republicanism of Daniel Webster and John Quincy Adams was compatible with the old ________ views.

Federalist

Migrants to the backcountry in the 1820s had trouble purchasing land for all of the following reasons except:

Few settlers could come up with the $500 they needed to make the minimum land purchase required by the Land Act of 1820.

All of the following statements are true of the Antimason Party except:

It chose Andrew Jackson as its candidate for president in 1831.

After the Panic of 1819, shopkeepers, farmers, and urban workers focused their anger on the power of

Second bank of the United States

The first cross-trade citywide labor organization was the __________, established in Philadelphia in 1827.

Mechanics Union

In the summer of 1831, an African American driver and preacher named __________ led a slave uprising in Virginia that lasted for two days and resulted in the deaths of 57 whites.

Nat Turner

By the election of 1824, members of what had been the Democratic-Republican Party were referring to themselves as __________.

National Republicans

Southerners opposed the 1816 tariff because it was seen as increasing dependence on high-priced __________ products.

New England

The Masonic movement originated as an organization to

counter aristocratic power

In order to dismantle the Second Bank of the United States, which he viewed as symbol of wealthy easterners' power and privilege, President Jackson asked the secretary of the treasury to

distribute the federal government's deposits among numerous state banks.

Andrew Jackson's endorsement of federal restraint was confused by his equally strong conviction that he was the people; ironically, Jackson __________ the powers of the presidency.

expanded

After Maine in 1820 and Missouri in 1821, no new states entered the Union until Arkansas in 1835. Thus, the growth of the populations in the new states was slow throughout the 1820s.

false

After the War of 1812, the use of chartered societies to promote development declined.

false

Early in the nineteenth century, people began to view chartered corporations in a positive light as visible symbols of equal opportunity for all Americans.

false

In the early nineteenth century the Democratic-Republican Party feared a strong national government.

false

Jackson's desire for a full-scale removal of Cherokees from lands sought by settlers in Georgia met with no opposition in Congress.

false

James Monroe won the presidency in 1816 by a slim margin of victory.

false

On his last day in office, President Madison signed a bill creating a federal fund for internal improvements (such as transportation initiatives) which had passed with great confidence in Congress.

false

Over the course of the early nineteenth century, the price of land per acre and the size of minimum-permitted individual purchase had fallen steadily; thus, small land buyers faced few obstacles to acquiring land in the new states of the Union.

false

The National Republicans angered the South and the West because they were against a national subsidy to improve transportation.

false

The presidency of John Quincy Adams was marked by a lack of faith in the "American System" and a vision for a highly limited federal involvement in the nation's political economy.

false

Following the election of Andrew Jackson, white Georgians invalidated the constitution of the Cherokee nation within Georgia, proclaimed the Cherokees subject to the authority of Georgia, and surged onto to Cherokee land looking for gold. President Jackson responded by

notifying the Cherokees that it was his duty to sustain the states in exercising their rights.

Believing that the Tariff of 1828 presented unfairly inflicted injury on southern states, John C. Calhoun wrote a justification for the theory of __________, under which states might declare particular federal laws null and void within their borders.

nullification.

The bill to create the Second Bank of the United States, endorsed by the National Republicans led by Henry Clay, which came before Congress after the War of 1812,

passed with relative ease and was signed by President Madison.

With the Monroe Doctrine, the United States asserted a new relation, as __________, to the European nations.

peer

In the early 1820s, workers began to form unions and go out on strike. Printers, weavers, carpenters, masons and workers in other crafts protested __________ and __________.

poor pay; long hours

At the founding of the nation, suffrage was restricted not only by gender and race but on the basis of __________ and __________.

property ownership; tax payment

President Jackson believed that the best way to handle land disputes between Native Americans and white settlers was to

remove Indians entirely from lands sought by settlers.

The obstacles to land purchase for ordinary citizens kept alive the practice of __________, claiming land simply by occupying it and demanding that a person's labor on it over time be recognized as a legal claim.

squatting

The battle against cabals illustrated the belief that American party politics amounted to a struggle of

the common people against the monied aristocracy.

Following the War of 1812, wageworkers and their advocates felt that

the new political economy of the nation was functioning to keep common working people dependent on the rich.

Andrew Jackson favored limited government and feared concentrations of economic and political power.

true

By the second decade of the nineteenth century, farm labor's dominance had peaked and nonfarm waged labor had become more common.

true

The presidential campaign of 1828 was personal and vicious on both Adams's and Jackson's sides.

true

Chartered corporations were theoretically open to all Americans; however, they were granted on a highly personal basis to those known to individual legislators, people of __________, __________, and __________.

wealth, power, reputation

In 1830 Congress passed and President Jackson signed the Removal Act, which provided for an exchange of lands with the Native Americans residing in any of the states or territories. This act called for the Indians' removal to lands

west of the Mississippi River

For Andrew Jackson, the quintessential "common man" was the __________.

western settler

As suffrage was extended to all white males, it was _________ African Americans.

withdrawn from or denied to

The Missouri Compromise showed that the issue of slavery

would remain divisive for the foreseeable future.