chapter 10

why was thomas jefferson conflicted about the lousisiana purchase

he believed that the purchase was unconstitutional

which of the following is not true of tecumseh and tenskwatawa - they embraced whites' concept of ownership - their followers gave up textle clothing for tradiional buckskin garments - they began to weld together a far flung confederacy of all the tribes east of the mississippi - their warriors forswore alcohol, the better to fight a last-ditch battle with the "paleface" invaders -they were shawnee brothers

they embraced whites' concept of ownership

how did the french respond to the orders in council that were issued between 1806 and 1807

they ordered the seizure of all vessels entering british ports

after becoming president, why did jefferson reduce spending on the military

to set an example to the world by winning friends through "peaceful coersion"

macon's bill no. 2

Aimed at resuming peaceful trade with Britain and France, the act stipulated that if either Britain or France repealed its trade restrictions, the United States would reinstate the embargo against the nonrepealing nation. When Napoleon offered to lift his restrictions on British ports, the United States was forced to declare an embargo on Britain, thereby pushing the two nations closer toward war.

meriwether lewis

American soldier and explorer who led the famous expedition through Louisiana Territory from 1804 to 1806. After briefly serving as governor of upper Louisiana Territory, Lewis died in an apparent suicide in 1809.

robert r livingston

American statesman who served as minister to France from 1801 to 1804 and negotiated the purchase of Louisiana Territory in 1803.

john marshall

Chief justice of the Supreme Court from 1801 until his death in 1835, Marshall strengthened the role of the courts by establishing the principle of judicial review. During his tenure, the Court also expanded the powers of the federal government through a series of decisions that established federal supremacy over the states.

chesapeake affair

Conflict between Britain and the United States that precipitated the 1807 embargo. The conflict developed when a British ship, in search of deserters, fired on the American Chesapeake off the coast of Virginia.

embargo act

Enacted in response to British and French mistreatment of American merchants, the Act banned the export of all goods from the United States to any foreign port. The embargo placed great strains on the American economy while only marginally affecting its European targets, and was therefore repealed in 1809.

tripolitan war

Four-year conflict between the American Navy and the North-African nation of Tripoli over piracy in the Mediterranean. Jefferson, a staunch noninterventionist, reluctantly deployed American forces, eventually securing a peace treaty with Tripoli.

james wikinson

Military governor of Louisiana Territory who conspired with Aaron Burr to separate from the United States and ally with Spanish-controlled areas of the Americas.

what was one of the greatest problems that john adams and the federalists faced in the election of 1800

adam's refusal to take the country to war against france

the congressional warhawks of 1812 were especially eager to sponsor an american invasion and conquest of which area

canada

who aided the corps of discovery on their expedition through the louisiana territory

sacajawea

tecumseh

Accomplished Shawnee warrior, Tecumseh sought to establish a confederacy of Indian tribes east of the Mississippi. He opposed individual tribes selling land to the United States, arguing that the land belonged to all the native peoples. After 1811, Tecumseh allied with the British, fighting fiercely against the United States until his death in 1813.

louisiana purchase

Acquisition of Louisiana territory from France. The purchase more than doubled the territory of the United States, opening vast tracts for settlement.

impressment

Act of forcibly drafting an individual into military service, employed by the British navy against American seamen in times of war against France, 1793-1815. Impressment was a continual source of conflict between Britain and the United States in the early national period.

thomas jefferson

Author of the Declaration of Independence, ambassador to France, and second president of the United States. As one of the leaders of the Democratic-Republican party, Jefferson advocated a limited role for the national government, particularly in the area of finance. As president, however, Jefferson oversaw significant expansion of the federal state through the purchase of Louisiana Territory and the enactment of the Embargo of 1807.

war hawks

Democratic-Republican Congressmen who pressed James Madison to declare war on Britain. Largely drawn from the South and West, the war hawks resented British constraints on American trade and accused the British of supporting Indian attacks against American settlements on the frontier.

sacajawea

Shoshone guide who led Meriwether Lewis and William Clark on their exploration of the American West.

sally hemings

One of Thomas Jefferson's slaves on his plantation in Monticello. DNA testing confirms that Thomas Jefferson fathered Sally Hemings' children.

non-intercourse act

Passed alongside the repeal of the Embargo Act, it reopened trade with all but the two belligerent nations, Britain and France. The Act continued Jefferson's policy of economic coercion, still with little effect.

judiciary act of 1801

Passed by the departing Federalist Congress, it created sixteen new federal judgeships ensuring a Federalist hold on the judiciary.

james madison

Principal author of the Constitution, co-author of The Federalist, and fourth president of the United States. A leading advocate of a strong national government in the 1780s, Madison later joined Thomas Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans in advocating a more limited role for the federal state. As president, Madison inherited the conflict over trade with Britain and France, which eventually pushed him to declare war on Britain in 1812.

battle of tippecanoe

Resulted in the defeat of Shawnee chief Tenskwatawa, "the Prophet" at the hands William Henry Harrison in the Indiana wilderness. After the battle, the Prophet's brother, Tecumseh, forged an alliance with the British against the United States.

aaron burr

Revolutionary War soldier and vice president under Thomas Jefferson, Burr is perhaps most famous for fatally wounding Alexander Hamilton in a duel in 1804. In 1806, Burr led a failed plot to separate the trans-Mississippi West from the United States. Narrowly acquitted of treason, Burr fled to France, where he tried to convince Napoleon to ally with Britain against the United States.

albert gallatin

Secretary of the Treasury from 1801 to 1813 under Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, Gallatin sought to balance the federal budget and reduce the national debt.

tenskwatawa

Shawnee religious leader, also known as "the Prophet," who led a spiritual revival, emphasizing Indian unity and cultural renewal and urging Indians to limit contact with Americans. The Prophet lost his following in 1811 after he and a small army of followers were defeated by William Henry Harrison at the Battle of Tippecanoe.

marbury v madison

Supreme Court case that established the principle of "judicial review"—the idea that the Supreme Court had the final authority to determine constitutionality.

john marshall, as chief justice of the us, helped to strengthen the judicial branch of government by doing what

asserting the doctrine of judicial review of congressional legislation, giving the supreme court the power to determine constitutionality

what did the judiciary act of 1801 accomplish

the creation of 16 new federal judgeships

which principle was established in the case of marbury v madison

the supreme court has the right to determine the constitutionality of legislation

william clark

Explorer who joined Meriwether Lewis in leading the expedition of Louisiana Territory from 1804 to 1806. After the expedition, Clark played a key role in shaping America's Indian policy, seeking to strengthen American relations with the Indians through trade.

midnight judges

Federal justices appointed by John Adams during the last days of his presidency. Their positions were revoked when the newly elected Republican Congress repealed the Judiciary Act.

samuel chase

Federalist Supreme Court Justice who drew the ire of Jeffersonian Republicans for his biting criticism of Republican policies. In 1804, the House of Representatives brought charges of impeachment against him but failed to make the case that his unrestrained partisanship qualified as "high crimes and misdemeanors." Acquitted by the Senate, he served on the court until his death.

napoleon bonaparte

French emperor who waged a series of wars against his neighbors on the European continent from 1800 until his final defeat at Waterloo in 1815. In 1803, having failed to put down the Haitian rebellion, Napoleon relinquished France's remaining North American possessions by selling Louisiana Territory to the United States.

toussaint l'ouvertue

Haitian revolutionary who led a successful slave uprising and helped establish an independent Haiti in 1797. In 1802, L'Ouverture was captured by a French force sent to reestablish control over the island. Shipped back to France and imprisoned for treason, he succumbed to pneumonia in 1803.

what was the greatest impact of the revolution of 1800

demonstrating that even a bitterly contested american election could result in the peaceful transfer of power from one party to another

what was one way in which jefferson clearly departed from previous federalist practice

establishing a simple and informal style in presidential entertainment and relations with congress

orders in council

Edicts issued by the British Crown closing French-owned European ports to foreign shipping. The French responded by ordering the seizure of all vessels entering British ports, thereby cutting off American merchants from trade with both parties.

revolution of 1800

Electoral victory of Democratic Republicans over the Federalists, who lost their Congressional majority and the presidency. The peaceful transfer of power between rival parties solidified faith in America's political system.

corps of discovery

Team of adventurers, led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, sent by Thomas Jefferson to explore Louisiana Territory and find a water route to the Pacific. Louis and Clark brought back detailed accounts of the West's flora, fauna, and native populations, and their voyage demonstrated the viability of overland travel to the West.

the new congress that met in 1811 contained a large number of members who believed what

britain should be vigorously confronted and the indian threat to the west eliminated

which of the following was not a consequence of the embargo act -the us economy staggered - the federalist party was revived - britain and france caved to us demands - southern farmers were unable to sell their cotton - an illicit trade ring sprang up along the canadian border

britian and france caved to us demands

at the beginning of the nineteenth century, the british used impressment to

forcibly enlist americans