Chapter 10 & 11 Questions
How did women support the war effort on both sides?
More than 400 women disguised themselves as men and fought in the Union and Confederate armies during the Civil War. During the Civil War, however, American women turned their attention to the world outside the home. Thousands of women in the North and South joined volunteer brigades and signed up to work as nurses.
What were some of the divisions in the South and the North that made the war unpopular?
slavery
What was the Fugitive Slave Act? What effect did it have?
Allowed special government officials to arrest any person accused of being a runaway slave. Suspects had no right to a trial to prove that they had been falsely accused. All that was required to deprive them of their freedom was for a slave holder or any white witness to swear that the suspect was the slave holder's property. In addition, the law required northern citizens to help capture accused runaways if authorities requested assistance.
How did African Americans help the Union?
By the end of the Civil War, roughly 179,000 black men (10% of the Union Army) served as soldiers in the U.S. Army and another 19,000 served in the Navy. Nearly 40,000 black soldiers died over the course of the war—30,000 of infection or disease.
What were the views on slavery and expansion of the various political parties: Northern/Southern Democrats? Republicans? Free-Soil Party?
By the late 1850s, the Democratic Party was split over the issue of slavery. Northern Democrats generally opposed slavery's expansion while many Southern Democrats believed that slavery should exist across the United States. The Republican Party began as a coalition of anti-slavery Conscience Whigs and Free Soil Democrats opposed to the Kansas-Nebraska Act, submitted to Congress by Stephen Douglas in January 1854. The free soil party's main purpose was to oppose the expansion of slavery into the Western territories, arguing that free men on free soil constituted a morally and economically superior system to slavery.
What was the Wilmot Proviso? How did the various factions react to it? What were the results of it?
Fearing the South would gain too much power, in 1846 Representative David Wilmot of Pennsylvania proposed that Congress ban slavery in all territory that might becomepart of the United States as a result of the Mexican-American War. The provision was passed in the House of Represenatives, but it failed the Senate. Although the Wilmot Proviso never became a law, it aroused great concern in the South. Many supporters of slavery viewed it as an attack on slavery by the North.
What were the immediate results of the Civil War?
Immediate effects were ending slavery and Lincoln's assassination. Long term effects were antagonism between South and North & lower economic status of the South, which included blacks, along with Southerners branded as racist and Northerners' racism largely ignored.
What opinions of Lincoln were expressed during the election of 1858? 1860?
In 1858, Lincoln was in favor of the union, and antislavery. In 1860 he criticized slavery.
What events were direct causes of the Civil War?
Industry vs. Farming States' Rights. The idea of states' rights was not new to the Civil War. ... Expansion Slavery Bleeding Kansas Abraham Lincoln Secession.
What technological advancements led to greater losses during the war?
Inventors and military men devised new types of weapons, such as the repeating rifle and the submarine, that forever changed the way that wars were fought. Even more important were the technologies that did not specifically have to do with the war, like the railroad and the telegraph. Innovations like these did not just change the way people fought wars-they also changed the way people lived.
What was Uncle Tom's Cabin about? What was its purpose? What response did it receive from various factions?
It's purpose was to write "something that will make this whole nation feel what an accursed thing slavery is." A novel about Uncle Tom, an enslaved man who is abused by the cruel Simon Legree. Bestseller in North. Many is south were outraged, criticized as a propaganda. Claimed not a accurate or fair picture of lives of enslaved African Americans.
What were the arguments of both Lincoln and Douglas during the debates of 1858?
Lincoln's opposition to the Kansas-Nebraska Act brought him into politics, this time embracing the Republican cause. Douglas was author of Act. In 1858, Illinois Republicans chose Lincoln to run for the senate aainst Douglas. Lincoln then challenged Douglass to a series of public debates. Douglass defended popular sovereignty. In the end, Douglas won the Senate election.
What was the Dred Scott case? What decision was made? What reactions resulted?
On this day in 1857, the United States Supreme Court issues a decision in the Dred Scott case, affirming the right of slave owners to take their slaves into the Western territories, therebynegating the doctrine of popular sovereignty and severely undermining the platform of the newly created Republican Party. Supporters of slavery rejoiced at the Dred Scott Decision. North were stunned. Abraham Lincoln spoke out against it.
What advantages did the North possess at the outbreak of the war? The South?
South had military advantages. To win northern armies, they would have to invade South. United States had about130,000 factories, and 110,000 were in North. north had twice as much railroad track, and almost twice as much farmland. North had population advantage. In South more than 1/3 were enslaved. With more resources, North had more advantages.
What effect did the Civil War have on the North? The South? Trade with Europe?
The Civil War greatly improved the economy of the North but harmed the economy of the South. The Civil War disrupted the Southern economy badly. First of all, it freed the slaves, thus removing the bulk of the Southern work force and forcing the South to readjust its economy. The major impact of the war on the South (other than the end of slavery) was that it left white Southerners feeling bitter toward the North and the United States. This feeling continued during and was made worse by, the period of Reconstruction that followed the war. Europe supplied southern states but stayed neautral in war.
What were the events of the election of 1860? What were reactions to the results?
The Republicans chose Abraham Lincoln as their presidential candidate. Criticisms of slavery during had made him popular in the North. South democrats wanted the party to support slavery in the territiories. North refused. Northern democrats chose stephen douglas as their candidate. Sout democrats picked vice president Joh Breckinridge of Kentucky. The election showed just how fragmented the nation had become. Lincoln won every free state and Breckenridge in all of the slaveholding states, except four. Bell won Kentucky, Tenessee, and Virginia-all in the upper South. Douglas carried only Missouri. Although Lincoln got only 40% of popular votes, he recieved enough electoral to win the election.
What was the strategy of the North and of the South at the outbreak of war?
The Union strategy to win the war did not emerge all at once. By 1863, however, the Northern military plan consisted of five major goals: Fully blockade all Southern coasts. This strategy, known as the Anaconda Plan, would eliminate the possibility of Confederate help from abroad.
What was the Emancipation Proclamation? Where did it take effect? What other results did it cause?
The proclamation freed all slaves in states that were still in rebellion on January 1, 1863. But after the Emancipation Proclamation, the Southern cause was now the defense of slavery. The proclamation was a shrewd maneuver by Lincoln to brand the Confederate States as a slave nation and render foreign aid impossible. Even though the proclamation freed few slaves at first, it had other important effects. Above all, it changed the Civil War into a struggle of freedom. This wasn't just to fight to save the nation, it was also to end slavery.
What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act? What effect did it have?
To develop a railroad from Illinois through the Nebraska territory to the Pacific Coast. South objected having a Kansas territory and Nebraska. Act undid the Missouri Compromise. South supported. Was sure that slave owners from Missouri would move across the border into Kansas. They hoped kansas would enter the union as a slave state. North outraged; believed Douglas betrayed them by reopening the issue of slavery in the territories. South support enabled the Act to pass in both houses of Congress.
What were the elements of the Compromise of 1850? What parts of it did the North support? The South?
he Compromise of 1850 called for the admission of California as a free state; the strengthening of the Fugitive Slave Law; popular sovereignty in Utah and New Mexico concerning the question of slavery; the abolition of the slave trade in D.C.; and the federal assumption of Texas's debt. It related to the Fugitive Slave Act. Congress passed the five bills based on Clay's proposals. President Zachary Taylor opposed the compromise; Millard Fillmore signed it into law. NORTH: California was admitted to the Union asa free slave state; the Compromise banned the slave trade in the nation's capital. SOUTH: Popular sovereignty would be used to decide the question of slavery in the rest of the Mexican Cerssion. People in the states created from that territory would vote whether to be a free state or a slave state when they requested admission tothe Union. Also, in return for agreeing to outlaw the slave trade in Washington D.C., south got a tough new fugitive slave law.