Chapter 10 Bony Thorax- Sternum and Ribs

Because the thoracic vertebrae lies with in the same area of the sternum and the thoracic vertebrae is much more dense it is almost impossible to see the sternum in a true AP projection. Therefore, the patient is rotated ______ degrees right anterior oblique position to shift the sternum to the left of the thoracic vertebrae?

15-20

The adult manubrium is about how long?

2 inches

The posterior or vertebral end of a typical rib is _____ inches higher than that of the sternal end?

3-5 inches

The xiphoid tip is composed of cartilage during infancy and youth and does not become totally ossified until what age?

40 years

Approximately what is the kV that is recommended for an adult sthenic patient to achieve acceptable contrast on the image?

65-75

The total length of the adult sternum is how long?

7 inches

The upper most 9 posterior ribs generally represent the minimum number of ribs above the dome of central portion of the diaphragm on inspiration. If their is injury or a lot of pain, some patients may not be able to take a full breath. This result in only _____ribs above the central portion of the diaphragm?

8

The bony thorax is typically the widest at the lateral margins of the_____ ribs?

8th or 9th

The inferior rib (costal) angle corresponds to the level of _____?

L2-L3

The jugular notch is at what level of the thoracic vertebra?

T2-T3

The sternal angle is at the level of the disk space between ____ and ___ for an average adult?

T4, T5

The lower end of the manubrium joins the body of the sternum to form a palpable prominence called the _____?

The sternal angle

The body of the rib extends laterally from the tubercle and then angles forward, this forward angulation is termed the _____ of the rib?

angle

Rib injuries can be very painful and can sustain hemorrhage because the lower inside margin of each protects what?

artery, vein, and nerves

The 3rd-7th costocartilage connects directly to the _____ of the sternum?

body

The longest part of the sternum is the _____ about _____ inches long?

body, 4 inches

The sternum is a common site for what?

bone marrow biopsies

The clavicles and the _____ of the first seven pairs of ribs connect directly to the sternum?

cartilages

The first sternocostal joint (between first rib and sternum) has a classification of_______, mobility type_____, and movement type?

cartilaginous, synarthrodial, N/A

The inside margin of the rib which contains the blood vessels and nerves is termed the_____?

costal groove

The anterior ribs do not unite directly with the sternum but do so with a short piece of cartilage termed______?

costocartilage

Ribs 8, 9, and 10 posses costocartilage but these connect to which costocartilage alone which then connects to the sternum?

costocartilage 7

The joint between the costocartilage and the sternal end of the fourth rib is called the _______?

costochondral union or junction

What position should the patient be in order to image the ribs above the diaphragm?

erect, gravity assist in lowering the diaphragm

Below each clavicular notch and sternoclavicular joint is a depression or ______ for articulation with the cartilage of the first rib?

facet

______ refers to the last five pairs of ribs, 8,9,10,11, and 12?

false ribs

The last two pairs of ribs that do not possess costocartilage these ribs are termed?

floating ribs

The vertebral end consists of a _____, which articulates with one or two thoracic vertebral bodies?

head

The bony thorax protects what?

important organs of the respiratory system and vital structures

The uppermost border of the manubrium is easy to palpate and is called the_____?

jugular notch

A patient with a large barrel-chested thorax with a greater AP measurement requires _____ rotation, whereas a thin-chested patient requires _____rotation?

less (15 degrees), more (20 degrees)

What exposure time should a technologist use in order to image the sternum and obscure the lung markings?

long exposure time 2-3 seconds

The upper portion of the sternum is referred to as the _____?

manubrium

The vertebral end of each rib also consists of a flattened area called the____?

neck

What breathing technique is used to image the sternum?

orthostatic technique- take shallow breaths

What position should the patient be in order to image the ribs below the diaphragm?

recumbent, allows diaphragm to rise

Between the ends of each ribs is the _____, or the body of the rib?

shaft

The shaft of the rib also curves forward and downward toward the _____end?

sternal

The second costocartilage connects to the sternum at the level of the ______?

sternal angle

Each clavicle articulates with the manubrium laterally at the clavicular notch on each side and is called______?

sternoclavicular joint

Thin, narrow, flat bone with 3 divisions is the_____?

sternum

The bony thorax consists of the ______ anteriorly, the _____ posteriorly and the _______ that connects the sternum to the vertebral column?

sternum, thoracic vertebrae, 12 pairs of ribs

A secondary name for the jugular notch is ______?

suprasternal or maubrial notch

The classification for sternoclavicular joint is_______, mobility type is_____, and movement type is ______?

synovial, diarthrodial, plane (gliding)

The classification of the first to the tenth costotransverse joints (between ribs and transverse processes of the thoracic vertebra) is________, with _______mobility type, and ______ movement type?

synovial, diarthrodial, plane (gliding)

The classification of the first to twelfth costovertebral joints (between head of ribs and thoracic vertebrae) is ______, with _____ mobility type, and _______ movement?

synovial, diarthrodial, plane (gliding)

The classification of the second to seventh sternocostal joints (between second and seventh ribs and sternum) is ________, with ______mobility type, and _______movement type?

synovial, diarthrodial, plane (gliding)

The classification of the sixth to ninth interchondral joints (between anterior sixth and ninth costal cartilages) is______ with ______ mobility type, and ______movement type?

synovial, diarthrodial,plane (gliding)

The degree of obliquity is dependent on the size of the _______?

thoracic vertebrae

The first 7 ribs are considered _______?

true ribs

Lateral to the neck of the rib is an elevated______ that articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra?

tubercle

The classification of costochondral union is _______ and mobility type of ______ and movement type is______?

unique type of union, synarthrodial, N/a

Each rib has two ends a posterior or _____ end and an anterior or _____end?

vertebral, sternal

The most inferior portion of the sternum is the ______?

xiphoid tip

What part of the bony thorax is at the level of T9-T10?

xiphoid tip