Chapter 10 : Creating a Community of Learners

Students who are assigned to classes on the basis of ability or achievement are grouped according to _____. A) within-class ability grouping B) crass-age ability grouping C) between-class ability grouping D) standardized ability grouping

C) between-class ability grouping

The time teachers dedicate for instruction in various areas of the curriculum is called _____. A) allocated time B) time on task C) curricular ratio D) instruction ratio

A) allocated time

According to Walberg and Greenberg (1997), "students learn more when their classes are _____." A) challenging B) cliquish C) fragmented D) unfriendly

A) challenging

The way teachers structure their learning environments to prevent, or minimize, behavior problems is called ____. A) classroom management B) discipline C) classroom control D) environmental control

A) classroom management

The way teachers and students are grouped for instruction and time is scheduled in the classroom is known as ____. A) classroom organization B) between-class ability grouping C) within-class ability grouping D) stages of group development

A) classroom organization

In Ms. Fairfield's third-grade classroom, sixth grades come in daily to work with the students in reading. This is an example of ____. A) cross-age tutoring B) peer tutoring C) group investigation D) cooperative learning

A) cross-age tutoring

According to the text, the leadership approach is teaching that is optimal is the ____. A) democratic approach B) permissive approach C) autocratic approach D) authoritarian approach

A) democratic approach

The primary argument in support of between-class ability grouping is that it _____. A) enables teachers to meet the needs of students more effectively B) is cost effective C) is more interesting to teachers and students D) is effective based on longitudinal research

A) enables teachers to meet the needs of students more effectively

A type of instruction used when students are presented with a situation to which they "react and discover basic conflicts among their attitudes, ideas, and modes of perception" is called _____. A) group investigation B) discovery learning C) inquiry learning D) mastery learning

A) group investigation

Students who participate in extracurricular/co-curricular activities tend to have ____. A) higher self-concepts B) lower grades in core academic subjects C) a greater chance of dropping out of school D) regretted expending valuable school time in this way when they grow older

A) higher self-concepts

Research on cooperative learning suggests that _____. A) it has a positive effect on the academic achievement of students of color B) students working together rarely develop positive attitudes about their classmates C) students are best served by participating in few roles and responsibilities D) this approach promotes racist attitudes

A) it has a positive effect on the academic achievement of students of color

The assumption that virtually all students can learn material if given enough time and taught appropriately is based on the method of ____. A) mastery learning B) outcome-based education C) standardized testing D) direct instruction

A) mastery learning

Which of the following is not based on Glasser's approach to classroom management? A) planning a sequence of steps for punishment B) establishing warm, positive relationships with each student C) managing the classroom through leadership D) having the student take responsibility for his/her own behavior

A) planning a sequence of steps for punishment

The key to successful classroom management is ____. A) preventing problems before they occur B) responding swiftly and decisively to misbehavior in the classroom C) accurately identifying misbehaving students D) seat arrangement

A) preventing problems before they occur

In the United States, the public believes that school curricula should emphasize ____. A) reading, writing, and arithmetic B) higher-order thinking skills C) problem-solving skills D) meta-cognition

A) reading, writing, and arithmetic

The ways that classroom teachers influence the school curriculum can be listed as all of the following except ____. A) religious beliefs B) time spent on topics or subjects C) material D) self-fulfillment

A) religious beliefs

The curriculum that places primary emphasis on the logical order of the discipline students are to study is called the ____. A) subject-centered curriculum B) null curriculum C) student-centered curriculum D) integrated curriculum

A) subject-centered curriculum

The amount of time students are actively engaged in learning activities is known as _____. A) time on task B) academic learning time C) allocated time D) teaching-learning ratio

A) time on task

According to Schmuck and Schmuck, encouraging student participation and communication and discouraging the formation of cliques is usually apparent in ____. A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4

B) Stage 2

Tyler's rationale for curriculum development leads to which of the following questions? A) What is appropriate for the age level of the student? B) What educational purposes should the school seek to attain C) What are the state guidelines for curriculum implementation? D) What resources are available for curriculum development?

B) What educational purposes should the school seek to attain?

The approach to discipline that calls on teachers to establish firm, clear guidelines for student behavior and to follow through with consequences for misbehavior is ____. A) the LEAST approach B) assertive discipline C) behavior modification D) reality therapy

B) assertive discipline

Communication based on Evertson and colleagues' basic elements of "constructive assertiveness" includes all of the following except _____. A) communication that is firm B) communication that is vindictive C) communication that is concise D) communication that is clear

B) communication that is vindictive

A systematic instructional method that focuses on the transmission of knowledge and skills from the teacher to the student is called ___. A) master learning B) direct instruction C) modeling D) contingent teaching

B) direct instruction

The curriculum that refers to what a school intends to teach students is called ____. A) implicit curriculum B) explicit curriculum C) null curriculum D) functional curriculum

B) explicit curriculum

In mastery learning, students take diagnostic tests and then are ____. A) tutored by a more advanced peer B) guided to do corrective exercises or activities C) instructed to be more attentive to instruction D) provided with the assistance of a special education teacher

B) guided to do corrective exercises or activities

Providing students with opportunities to inquire into subjects so that they "discover" knowledge for themselves is called ____. A) mastery learning B) inquiring learning C) outcome-based learning D) contingency learning

B) inquiring learning

The manner in which teachers and students participate in common activities determines ______. A) classroom ability groupings B) the culture of the classrooms C) the time on task ratio D) group sanctions

B) the culture of the classrooms

According to the authors of your text, successful teachers communicate in all of the following ways except _____. A) their communication is clear and concise B) their communication is restricted to verbal information C) their communication is appropriate to student comprehension D) their communication is provided in patterns that do not impair clarity

B) their communication is restricted to verbal information

Several researchers have shown that learning is directly related to ____. A) the competence of the teacher B) time on task C) the educational resources that are available D) the gender of the child

B) time on task

Concerning "choice theory," William Glasser believes that to persuade students to do quality schoolwork, teachers must do all of the following except ______. A) establish warm, non-coercive relationships with students B) teach students meaningful skills rather than asking them to memorize information C) focus on large group instruction in core subjects D) more from teacher evaluation to student self-evaluation

C) focus on large group instruction in core subjects

Which of the following is not part of Lee Cantor's approach to discipline? A) planning a sequence of steps to punish noncompliance B) making it clear that you will not tolerate anyone doing anything that is not in the best interest of the class C) having the student make a plan for a more acceptable way of behaving D) planning positive reinforcement for compliance

C) having the student make a plan for a more acceptable way of behaving

When asked how to be a good second grader, Emma responded, "You have to be quiet, stay in your chair, and raise your hand if you want to talk." This is an example of learning through the ____. A) null curriculum B) functional curriculum C) implicit curriculum D) explicit curriculum

C) implicit curriculum

The curriculum that draws from several different subject areas and focuses on a theme or concept rather than on a single subject is called the _____. A) inclusionary curriculum B) student-centered curriculum C) integrated curriculum D) subject-centered curriculum

C) integrated curriculum

In curricular planning, policy-level curricular decisions that affect large groups of students are considered _____. A) target decisions B) micro-level decisions C) macro-level decisions D) state-level decisions

C) macro-level decisions

The concept that is based on the premise that teachers must use time to provide all students with challenging content and use appropriate instructional strategies to help students learn that content is known as ___ A) challenge 2000 B) outcome-based educational (OBE) C) opportunity to learn (OTL) D) mastery learning techniques (MLT)

C) opportunity to learn (OTL)

According to the text, the most useful definition of curriculum is _____. A) the academic offerings of the school B) all the experiences in a child's life C) the experiences, both planned and unplanned, that affect the education and growth of the child D) all the educational experiences with the exception of the extracurricular program

C) the experiences, both planned and unplanned, that affect the education and growth of the child

Jacob Kounin points out that how a teacher handles an instance of misbehavior communicates the teacher's conduct expectations to the rest of the class. This is known as _____. A) withitness B) learned behavior C) the ripple effect D) negative reinforcement

C) the ripple effect

Academic learning time can best be described as _____. A) the number of minutes in a school day B) the number of minutes each day a student spends in academic courses C) the time students spend working on academic task with 80% or more success D) the time students spend in direct, meaningful contact with the classroom teacher

C) the time students spend working on academic task with 80% or more success

The point at which students need assistance in order to continue learning is called _____. A) the focus point B) a teachable moment C) the zone of proximal development D) an effective intervention strategy

C) the zone of proximal development

Most research on between-class ability grouping suggests that it contributes ____. A) to greater achievement for all learners B) to greater achievement for high achievers only C) to greater achievement for few or no learners D) to greater achievement for low achievers

C) to greater achievement for few or no learners

Which of the following is not a basic step of "mental modeling"? A) focusing students on applying reasoning B) making students conscious of the reasoning involved C) writing the sequence of steps in reasoning on the board D) showing students the reasoning involved

C) writing the sequence of steps in reasoning on the board

According to Schmuck and Schmuck, when a group's norms allow for a variety of individual learning styles to be expressed and accepted, the stage of group development is considered _______. A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4

D) Stage 4

Teachers who focus on students' thinking about the material being learned and, through carefully orchestrated cues, prompts, and questions, help students arrive at a deeper understanding of the material using _____. A) contingent teaching B) information processing C) modeling D) constructivist teaching

D) constructivist teaching

A model of teaching that can strengthen students' interpersonal skills is ____. A) behavior modification B) non-directive teaching C) theory into practice D) cooperative learning

D) cooperative learning

In "information processing" the concept control process refers to _____. A) holding information in reserve until it is needed B) encoding information with various file names C) storage of information over the course of a lifetime D) determining how and when information will flow through the system

D) determining how and when information will flow through the system

Educational research indicates that students are less likely to participate in extracurricular/co-curricular programs in ____. A) smaller school districts B) rural schools C) certain geographic regions D) larger schools

D) larger schools

According to the text, curriculum planning should focus on the ____. A) macro level B) micro level C) age and developmental levels D) macro and micro levels

D) macro and micro levels

The four curricula that all students experience are ____. A) implicit, explicit, hidden, and traditional B) explicit, null, traditional, and functional C) explicit, extracurricular/co-curricular programs, null, and functional D) null, extracurricular/co-curricular programs, explicit, and hidden

D) null, extracurricular/co-curricular programs, explicit, and hidden

The section of a classroom where students are likely to receive more attention is the ____. A) back row of seats and seats on the right side of the room B) back row of seats and seats on the left side of the room C) row of seats in the exact center of the room D) the middle front of seats and seats up the middle aisle

D) the middle front of seats and seats up the middle aisle