Chapter 10: Early Medieval Art and Architecture

Cenotaph

A memorial monument to honor a person or persons whose remains lie elsewhere.

Carolingian

A new empire that developed out of the collection of tribes and kingdoms. Founded by Charlemagne// and his goals were to better the administration of his realm and the teaching of Christian truths.

Stringcourse

A raised horizontal molding, or band in masonry, ornamental but usually reflecting interior structure.

Abbey

A religious community under the direction of an abbot or an abbess

blind arcade

An arcade having no actual openings, applied as decoration to a wall surface.

Anglo Saxon

Brought art forms that were portable: weaving, metalwork, jewelry, and woodcarvings. Metalworkders had a high social status

- Had to produce a large number of the Bible and other Christian books by hand - Looked upon as a sacred object containing the Word of God (the beauty had to reflect the importantance of the content)

Describe the Hiberno Saxon style manuscripts

Hibero Saxon Art

During the Early Midde Ages, the Irish came to be the spiritual and cultural leaders of Western Europe. Irish Christians followed the example of the desert saints of Egypt and the Near East who had sought spiritual perfection in the solitude of the wilderness. The Irish monasteries were established in isolated, secluded areas, even on islands off the mainland.

Juniors (pupils and novice monks) Working brothers (engaged in manual labor) Seniors (the most experience monks who were responsible for carrying sacred books)

How many categroies were the Irish monasteries divided into? What were they>

Westwork

In a Carolingian or Romanesque church, the tower-like west end presenting a façade at the entrance and often containing an entrance vestibule.

Migration

In this time period, the German people (including Franks, Visigoths, Ostrogoths, and Saxons) moved throughout Europe and eventually established permanent settlements north of the Alps and in Italy, Spain, and Southern France.

learning and the arts with much energy spent copying literary and religious texts.

Irish monasteries became centers of

Feudalism

Strong chiefs assumed leadership and established tribal allegiances and methods of exchange, both economic an dpolitical, that would eventually result in the development throughout Western Europe of a system of political organization known as

The Animal Style

The artistic tradition of the Germanic peoples that is referred to this because of its heavy use of stylized animal-like forms, merged with intricate ornamental metal works of the Celts, producing an unique combination of abtract and organic shapes, of formal discipline and imaginiative freedom

Tribune

The gallary of the westwork

Miniaturist

The illuminator of the manuscript

Ottonian

The kings pushed back the invaders, reestablished an effective central government, and improvded train and economy all in this dynasty

1. isolation of the Irish 2. the sophistication of their scriptoria in the secluded monastic environments 3. the desire to spread the word of Christianity

What were the three factors that came together to foster the development of the Hiberno-Saxon style?

Because the illustrate the transmission of motifs and techniques through the migration of various peoples. They show evidence of cultural interchange with Germanic peoples and others as well. A number of the objects make specific referenece to Christianity while others reference paganism

Why are the objects at Sutton Hoo important?

Colophon

a note at the end of the manuscript

Hiberno Saxon style manuscripts

a style for the manuscript that combines Christian with Celtic and Germanic elements. Founded by Irish monks in Saxon England.

Viking Art

inspired by animals and spirals in interlacing patterns, characterized as applied art, engraved on incised onto functional objects

Turrets

towerlike projections