Chapter 10: International Law and Organization

Which UN organ most clearly reflects the ideal sovereign equality?

General Assembly

What international legal instrument deals with the treatment of the sick and wounded in war and the treatment of prisoners of war?

Geneva Conventions

Which of the following countries opposed US intervention in Iraq in 2003?

Germany

Which of the following does not have to veto in the Security Council?

Germany

What major country initially refused to join the European Common Market?

Great Britain

Crimes against Humanity

Ill-treatment of civilians in wartime defined at the Nuremberg trials to include "murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation and other inhumane acts against any civilian population"

Due Process

In law, the administration of justice according to established rules based on the principle that no one can be deprived of life or liberty or property without suitable legal procedures and safeguards

Humanitarian Intervention

Intervention by states or by an IGO into the domestic politics of another state to protect people from human-rights abuses or other threats to their survival

Anti-Semitism

Irrational dislike or hatred of Jews

Which of the following best describes the United Nations?

It is based on the principle of sovereign equality

Which of the following is usually a criterion of just war?

It requires a just cause such as self-defense

For what is the town of Srebrenica remembered?

It was the site of Europe's worst massacre since WWII

What group of theorists believes that international organizations can and should behave independently of their member states?

Liberals

Which group of theorists regards international law as an important factor in global politics?

Liberals

Politicide

Mass killings in order to eradicate a group of people owing to their political or ideological beliefs

Genocide

Mass killings in order to eradicate an ethnic, racial or cultural group

Which of the following distinguishes "neofunctionalism" from "functionalism"?

Neofunctionalism sees most issues as highly political

Structural Violence

Physical or psychological violence which is carried out, not by individuals, but by structures such as the injustices of the worldwide trading system

Crimes against Peace

Planning, provoking, and waging an aggressive war

Natural Law

Principles of law derived from nature, right reason, or God

Rights

Privileges and prerogatives to which one has an established claim

According to Russett and Oneal, what is one way that international organizations contribute to peace?

Providing information to reduce uncertainty

What group argues that there can be no such thing as a just war?

Quakers

Which of the following is not a source of international law?

Resolutions of the UN General Assembly

What is stated in Article 51 of the UN Charter?

States retain the right of self-defense

What was Stephen Krasner referring to when he asked: "Is it a state, a commonwealth, a dominion, a confederation of states, a federation of states?"

The EU or European Union

What is the first step in integrating the countries of Europe after WWII?

The European Coal and Steel Community

What war did former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan brand as "illegal"?

The Iraq War of 2003

In what two cases did the Security Council invoke Chapter 7 of the Charter to recommend that members use military means to repel aggression?

The Korean War and the Persian Gulf War

According to the UN Charter which UN organ enjoys primary responsibility for maintaining peace and security?

The Security Council

Why did American interest in the General Assembly wane during the Cold War?

The Soviet bloc and the less-developed states opposed the United States

What treaty created the European Union?

The Treaty of Maastricht

Which of the following is an example of a universal international organization?

The United Nations

Which of the following is not a member of the United Nations?

The Vatican

Cultural Relativism

The belief that ethical beliefs vary by culture and that there are few, if any, universal principles of human rights

International Law

The body of legally binding rules that govern relations among states and other groups that also increasingly provide rights for individuals in relation to states

What was the main "lesson" of the UN Operation in the Congo between 1960 and 1963?

The difficulty of remaining impartial in Civil Wars

What is the least controversial of Grotius's requirements for a just war?

The ends sought in a war should be proportional to the means used

Which of the following principles guided the US decision to halt attacking Iraqi soldiers in 1991?

The ends sought in a war should be proportional to the means used

Honor Killings

The murder of women for dishonoring the family or clan

International Criminal Court (ICC)

The permanent international tribunal, born in 2002, to try individuals accused of violating international humanitarian law

Negative Rights

The rights of individuals not to suffer from undue government interference in political, economic, and social independence and autonomy

Positive Rights

The rights of individuals to have their essential needs such as food and health seen to by government

Human Rights

The rights that individuals enjoy by virtue of their humanness

Which of the following was not a condition cited by Joseph Nye for accepting nuclear deterrence as a legitimate strategy?

The strategy should be accompanied by efforts to achieve universal nuclear disarmament

How does international law differ from domestic law?

There is no executive to enforce international law

Why do constructivists regard the Hague Conventions as important?

They established precedents in changing our views about managing violence

Why do countries usually obey international law?

They want other countries to reciprocate

How far offshore does a state's sovereignty extend?

12 miles

Amnesty International

A global nongovernmental organization concerned with human rights, especially the rights of political prisoners

Who was David Mitrany?

A pioneer in elaborating functionalist theory

Legal Positivism

A theory that international law as derived from voluntary agreements among states and that contends that states are bound only by the rules that they freely accept

War crimes

Abuse of enemy soldiers or prisoners of war during wartime

Which of the following reflects a change in UN peacekeeping operations since the end of the Cold War?

Adversaries do not always consent to a UN presence

Pogrom

An organization campaign of persecution sanctioned by a government and directed against an ethnic group, especially against the Jewish population of tsarist Russia

Who is the current UN Secretary-General?

Ban Ki-moon

What country was the sit of the first major example of humanitarian intervention by the UN?

Cambodia

What 19th century institution was not a fully fledged international organization but was rather an informal mechanism for consultation among the great powers?

Concert of Europe

What group of theorists believe that international organizations can become autonomous actors if global norms evolve in that direction?

Constructivists

What spurred the UN to develop new peacekeeping techniques?

Deadlock in the Security Council owing to US-Soviet disagreements

According to political scientists Bruce Russett and John Oneal, what were the two elements that, along within international organization, Immanuel Kant believed establish peace?

Democracy and economic interdependene

Which UN organ accounts for most of the organization's budget and employees?

Economic and Social Council

What is the name of the EU currency created in 2000?

Euro

Which of the following countries is not yet a member of EU but seeks admission to that group?

Turkey

What international agency codifies long-standing customs?

UN International Law Commission

What has been the largest UN peacekeeping mission to date?

UN Protection Force

Which of the following was not a feature of successful UN peacekeeping during the Cold War?

UN forces must include soldiers from the superpowers

Which of the following best describes international law?

Until recently, it dealt with only states

Which of the following reflects what Grotius meant by "just reasons for war" as opposed to "just conduct of war"?

War is just when waged in response to aggression

What can it be said that new states come into existence legally?

When they are recognized by other states

What principle was at stake when the US invaded Iraq in 2003?

Whether the UN Security Council had to approve explicitly the use of force by a member state