Chapter 10 MILADY!
what type of ultraviolet radiation is known as the burning rays?
UVB
what is not a method by which the body maintains thorough thermoregulation?
absorption
protective barrier made up of sebum, lipids, sweat and water`
acid mantle
this creates a protective cushion that gives contour and smoothness to the body, as well as providing a source of energy for the body
adipose tissue
coiled structures attached to the hair follicles found under the arms and in the genital area
apocrine glands
this contracts when a person is cold, causing goose bumps
arrector pili muscle
skins mechanism that protects us from irritation and intercellular transepidermal water loss
barrier function
waxy lipid molecules important to barrier function and water holding capacity
ceramides
what effect does nicotine have on the body?
contraction of the blood vessels
what color is the eumelanin?
dark brown to black
support layer of connective tissues below the epidermis
dermis
sweat glands found all over the body with openings on the skins surface through pores
eccrine glands
fibrous protein that forms elastic tissue and gives skin its elasticity
elastin
this stimulates skin cells to reproduce and heal
epidermal growth factor
outermost layer of the skin
epidermis
what stimulates melanin production?
exposure to sunlight
a primary physiological benefit of massage is that is decreases circulation, helping clients to relax.
false
collagen and elastin are more widely spaced in the reticular layer than in the papillary layer
false
elastin and collagen are very easily replaced by the body
false
the body protects itself from the cold by dilating the blood vessels and increasing blood flow
false
the hypodermis increases and thickens with age
false
the liver is the largest organ in the body.
false
the nail plate contains numerous nerves and blood vessels
false
triglycerides, ceramides, waxes, and fatty acids are made in the stratum germinativum
false
cell stimulator
fibroblast
these take electrons from compounds in the body such as proteins, lipids, or dna
free radicals
binding of a protein molecule to a glucose molecule, resulting in the formation of damaged, nonfunctioning structures.
glycation
fluid found between epidermal cells
intercellular matrix
fiber protein that provides resiliency and protection to the skin
keratin
protects the body from infection by identifying foreign material (antigens)
langerhons immune cells
white blood cells that have enzymes to digest and kill parasites
leukocytes
this connects the dermis to the epidermis
papillary layer
what term refers to the study of the structure and composition of the skin tissue?
physiology
where do phytoestrogens come from?
plants
opening for a sweat gland
pore
what are the basic material and building blocks for body tissues?
proteins
denser and deeper layer of the dermis, comprised of mainly collagen and elastin
reticular layer
chronic vascular disorder characterized by couperose veins and congestion of the skin
rosacea
what type of glands secrete oil?
sebaceous
oily substance that protects the surface of the skin the lubricates both the skin and hair
sebum
What is a characteristic of healthy skin?
slightly acidic
top most outermost layer of the epidermis
stratum corneum
single layer of basal cells laying on a "basement membrane"
stratum germinativum
this is composed of cells that resemble granules and are filled with keratin
stratum granulosum
which layer of the epidermis is known as the grainy cells?
stratum granulosum
thin clear layer of dead skin cells under the sratum corneum?
stratum lucidum
what is the bottom layer of the epidermis?
stratum lucidum
this is also known as the spiny layer
stratum spinosum
loose connective tissue and adipose tissue found below the reticular layer
subcutaneous layer
what is not a function of lymph?
supplying nutrients to the skin
dilation of capillary walls
telangiectasia
UVA rays are more prevalent than UVB rays
true
anything that causes a rise in blood sugar results in inflammation on a cellular level
true
blood vessels, sweat glands, and sensory nerves are located in the dermis
true
comedones are formed when the ducts of the sebaceous glands become clogged
true
damage to DNA triggers melanocyte stimulating hormones to produce melanin
true
estheticians are licensed to work only on the epidermis unless they are working with a licensed medical practitioner
true
estrogen is present in both men and women
true
hair is an appendage of the skin
true
it is important for an esthetician to consider how the skin cell layers function before choosing ingredients and treatments for clients.
true
oxidation caused by free radicals continues in a chain reaction that can oxidize millions of other compounds
true
sudoriferous glands help regulate body temperature by excreting sweat
true
the functions, layers, and anatomy of the skin are the foundation estheticians need to learn before caring for the skin.
true
what is the average adult skin cell turnover rate?
28 days
what percentage of hair is comprised of hard keratin?
90